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Anticholinesterase and Anticalaleptic Effects of Instant Coffee
Daniele O. Köhn,Graziella Rigueira Molska,Lyvia Izaura Gomes de Paula-Freire,Giuseppina Negri,Elisaldo Araújo Carlini,Fúlvio Rieli Mendes 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.10
Epidemiologic studies suggest an inverse correlation between coffee consumption and the occurrence ofneurodegenerative diseases, but the role of caffeine and roasting degree are still matter of debate. The objective of this workwas to evaluate the effects of caffeinated (light, medium, and dark roast) and decaffeinated instant coffee samples inacetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibition and antioxidant assays, as well as in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. Caffeinatedcoffees inhibited the AchE in much smaller concentrations than decaffeinated coffee. All coffee samples showed antioxidantcapacity without relation with the caffeine content. Blockade in the haloperidol-induced catalepsy was observed with caffeinatedcoffee, but not in the decaffeinated sample. The medium-roast coffee reduced the number of rotations of rats aftermethamphetamine administration on the 6-hydroxydopamine unilateral lesion of the medial forebrain bundle. However, thecoffee treatment did not avoid the loss of dopaminergic neurons on substantia nigra pars compact and only the smallest dose ofcoffee was able to avoid the decrease of dopamine levels in the lesioned side of the striatum. Altogether, these results suggestthat coffee exerts moderate pro-cholinergic and pro-dopaminergic effects and caffeine seems to be the main factor responsiblefor these effects.
Käthe Bersiner,박소영,Kirill Schaaf,양우휘,Christian Theis,Daniel Jacko,Sebastian Gehlert 한국운동영양학회 2023 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.27 No.2
[Purpose] Skeletal muscle regulates health and performance by maintaining or increasing strength and muscle mass. Although the molecular mechanisms in response to resistance exercise (RE) significantly target the activation of protein synthesis, a plethora of other mechanisms and structures must be involved in orchestrating the communication, repair, and restoration of homeostasis after RE stimulation. In practice, RE can be modulated by variations in intensity, continuity and volume, which affect molecular responses and skeletal muscle adaptation. Knowledge of these aspects is important with respect to planning of training programs and assessing the impact of RE training on skeletal muscle. [Methods] In this narrative review, we introduce general aspects of skeletal muscle substructures that adapt in response to RE. We further highlighted the molecular mechanisms that control human skeletal muscle anabolism, degradation, repair and memory in response to acute and repeated RE and linked these aspects to major training variables. [Results] Although RE is a key stimulus for the activation of skeletal muscle anabolism, it also induces myofibrillar damage. Nevertheless, to increase muscle mass accompanied by a corresponding adaptation of the essential substructures of the sarcomeric environment, RE must be continuously repeated. This requires the permanent engagement of molecular mechanisms that re-establish skeletal muscle integrity after each RE–induced muscle damage. [Conclusion] Various molecular regulators coordinately control the adaptation of skeletal muscle after acute and repeated RE and expand their actions far beyond muscle growth. Variations of key resistance training variables likely affect these mechanisms without affecting muscle growth.
Denise Zdzieblik,Steffen Oesser,Daniel König 대한골대사학회 2021 대한골대사학회지 Vol.28 No.3
Background: The effects of specific collagen peptides on bone mineral density (BMD) in subjects with osteoporosis or osteopenia have already been investigated in 131 postmenopausal women in a randomized controlled trial. The purpose of this follow-up observation was to determine the longer-term effects of the same specific bioactive collagen peptides after a total intervention time of 4 years. Methods: In this open-label follow-up observation, 31 postmenopausal women with reduced BMD (initial T-score lower than−1 of either the femoral neck or the lumbar spine) completed the follow-up. BMD was measured via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Absolute changes in BMD and T-scores in the spine and femoral neck were assessed. The number of fractures was also recorded. All participants received specific bioactive collagen peptides. Results: Supplementation with bioactive collagen peptides during follow-up led to a clinically relevant increase in BMD in the spine. These findings were consistent with the results for the femoral neck. Conclusions: Long-term supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides appears to be effective in counteracting losses in BMD. Moreover, significant increases in BMD could contribute to improved bone stability.
Nina Sihelská,Zuzana Vozárová,Lukáš Predajňa,Katarína Šoltys,Martina Hudcovicová,Daniel Mihálik,Ján Kraic,Michaela Mrkvová,Otakar Kúdela,Miroslav Glasa 한국식물병리학회 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.5
The complete genome sequence of a Slovak SL-1 isolate of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was determined from the next generation sequencing (NGS) data, further confirming a limited sequence divergence in this tobamovirus species. Tomato genotypes Monalbo, Mobaci and Moperou, respectively carrying the susceptible tm-2 allele or the Tm-1 and Tm-2 resistant alleles, were tested for their susceptibility to ToMV SL- 1. Although the three tomato genotypes accumulated ToMV SL-1 to similar amounts as judged by semiquantitative DAS-ELISA, they showed variations in the rate of infection and symptomatology. Possible differences in the intra-isolate variability and polymorphism between viral populations propagating in these tomato genotypes were evaluated by analysis of the capsid protein (CP) encoding region. Irrespective of genotype infected, the intra-isolate haplotype structure showed the presence of the same highly dominant CP sequence and the low level of population diversity (0.08-0.19%). Our results suggest that ToMV CP encoding sequence is relatively stable in the viral population during its replication in vivo and provides further demonstration that RNA viruses may show high sequence stability, probably as a result of purifying selection.
Luca Papavero,Gregor Schmeiser,Ralph Kothe,Bronek Boszczyk,Oliver Heese,Yoshiharu Kawaguchi,Anna MacDowall,Claes Olerud,Nikolaos Paidakakos,Anastasios Panagiotou,Tobias Pitzen,Marcus Richter,K. Daniel 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.1
Objective: To validate with a prospective study a decision-supporting coding system for the surgical approach for multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy. Methods: Ten cases were presented on an internet platform, including clinical and imaging data. A single-approach (G1), a choice between 2 (G2), or 3 approaches (G3) were options. Senior and junior spine surgeons analyzed 7 parameters: location and extension of the compression of the spinal cord, C-spine alignment and instability, general morbidity and bone diseases, and K-line and multilevel corpectomy. For each parameter, an anterior, posterior, or combined approach was suggested. The most frequent letter or the last letter (if C) of the resulting 7-letter code (7LC) suggested the surgical approach. Each surgeon performed 2 reads per case within 8 weeks. Results: G1: Interrater reliability between junior surgeons improved from the first read (κ=0.40) to the second (κ=0.76, p<0.001) but did not change between senior surgeons (κ=0.85). The intrarater reliability was similar for junior (κ=0.78) and senior (κ=0.71) surgeons. G2: Junior/senior surgeons agreed completely (58%/62%), partially (24%/23%), or did not agree (18%/15%) with the 7LC choice. G3: junior/senior surgeons agreed completely (50%/50%) or partially (50%/50%) with the 7LC choice. Conclusion: The 7LC showed good overall reliability. Junior surgeons went through a learning curve and converged to senior surgeons in the second read. The 7LC helps less experienced surgeons to analyze, in a structured manner, the relevant clinical and imaging parameters influencing the choice of the surgical approach, rather than simply pointing out the only correct one.
Feng, Li,Otazo, Ricardo,Jung, Hong,Jensen, Jens H.,Ye, Jong C.,Sodickson, Daniel K.,Kim, Daniel Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol.65 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Cardiac <I>T</I><SUB>2</SUB> mapping is a promising method for quantitative assessment of myocardial edema and iron overload. We have developed a new multiecho fast spin echo (ME‐FSE) pulse sequence for breath‐hold <I>T</I><SUB>2</SUB> mapping with acceptable spatial resolution. We propose to further accelerate this new ME‐FSE pulse sequence using <I>k</I>‐<I>t</I> focal underdetermined system solver adapted with a framework that uses both compressed sensing and parallel imaging (e.g., sensitivity encoding) to achieve higher spatial resolution. We imaged 12 control subjects in midventricular short‐axis planes and compared the accuracy of <I>T</I><SUB>2</SUB> measurements obtained using ME‐FSE with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions and ME‐FSE with <I>k</I>‐<I>t</I> focal underdetermined system solver. For image reconstruction, we used a bootstrapping two‐step approach, where in the first step fast Fourier transform was used as the sparsifying transform and in the final step principal component analysis was used as the sparsifying transform. When compared with <I>T</I><SUB>2</SUB> measurements obtained using generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions, <I>T</I><SUB>2</SUB> measurements obtained using <I>k</I>‐<I>t</I> focal underdetermined system solver were in excellent agreement (mean difference = 0.04 msec; upper/lower 95% limits of agreement were 2.26/−2.19 msec, respectively). The proposed accelerated ME‐FSE pulse sequence with <I>k</I>‐<I>t</I> focal underdetermined system solver is a promising investigational method for rapid <I>T</I><SUB>2</SUB> measurement of the heart with relatively high spatial resolution (1.7 × 1.7 mm<SUP>2</SUP>). Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>