THE LOW TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETIZATION AND AC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GLASSY Fe91-xZr7B₂Nix (x =0, 5, 10, 15) ALLOYS

V. Ström,K.S. Kim,B.J. Jönsson,S.C. Yu,A. Inoue,K.V. Rao 한국자기학회 1995 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.5 No.5

We have studied the magnetization in fields up to IT at 5K, the saturation magnetization dependence on temperature and the temperature dependence of AC-susceptibility at very low fields (5mOe to 50mOe) of glassy Fe_(91-x)Zr_7B₂Ni_x (x = 0, 5, 10, 15) alloys. The temperature dependence of the magnetization follows the predictions of spin wave excitations with long wavelengths. At zero Ni concentration there is a clear competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions giving rise to spin-glass behaviour. The addition of Ni drastically modifies the magnetic properties: the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling is reduced and finally disappears, the spin wave stiffness increases from 39.5 to 87.3 meVŲ and Tc increases from 230 K to 478 K. We develop a simple model to quantify the competing interactions and to relate the antiferromagnelically coupled Fe moments to the Ni concentration. We find that the initial susceptibility increases with increasing Ni content along with a decrease of the temperature dependence.

Inclusive and exclusive measurements ofBdecays toχc1andχc2at Belle

Bhardwaj, V.,Miyabayashi, K.,Panzenb&ouml,ck, E.,Trabelsi, K.,Frey, A.,Abdesselam, A.,Adachi, I.,Aihara, H.,Al Said, S.,Arinstein, K.,Asner, D. M.,Atmacan, H.,Aulchenko, V.,Aushev, T.,Ayad, R.,Babu, V American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review D Vol.93 No.5

<P>We report inclusive and exclusive measurements for chi(c1) and chi(c2) production in B decays. We measure B(B -> chi X-c1) = (3.03 +/- 0.05 (stat) +/- 0.24(syst)) x 10(-3) and B(B -> chi X-c2) = (0.70 +/- 0.06 (stat) +/- 0.10(syst)) x 10(-3). For the first time, chi(c2) production in exclusive B decays in the modes B-0 -> chi(c2) pi K--(+) and B-0 -> chi(c2) pi(-)pi K-+(+) has been observed, along with first evidence for the B-0 -> chi(c2) pi K--(s)0 decay mode. For chi c1 production, we report the first observation in the B+ -> chi(c1) pi(-)pi K-+(+), B-0 -> chi(c1) pi(-)pi K-+(s)0 and B-0 -> chi(c1) pi(-)pi K-+(+) decay modes. Using these decay modes, we observe a difference in the production mechanism of chi(c2) in comparison to chi(c1) in B decays. In addition, we report searches for X(3872) and chi(c1) (2P) in the B+ -> (chi(c1) pi(+)pi(-))K+ decay mode. The reported results use 772 x 10(6) B (B) over bar events collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider.</P>

High tolerance of hepatitis B virus to thermal disinfection

Kö,nig, Alexander,Than, Thoa Thi,Todt, Daniel,Yoon, Seung Kew,Steinmann, Jochen,Steinmann, Eike,Windisch, Marc P. Elsevier 2019 Journal of hepatology Vol.71 No.6

SQUIDs in biomagnetism: a roadmap towards improved healthcare

Kö,rber, Rainer,Storm, Jan-Hendrik,Seton, Hugh,Mä,kelä,, Jyrki P,Paetau, Ritva,Parkkonen, Lauri,Pfeiffer, Christoph,Riaz, Bushra,Schneiderman, Justin F,Dong, Hui,Hwang, Seong-min,You, Lixi IOP 2016 Superconductor science & technology Vol.29 No.11

<P>Globally, the demand for improved health care delivery while managing escalating costs is a major challenge. Measuring the biomagnetic fields that emanate from the human brain already impacts the treatment of epilepsy, brain tumours and other brain disorders. This roadmap explores how superconducting technologies are poised to impact health care. Biomagnetism is the study of magnetic fields of biological origin. Biomagnetic fields are typically very weak, often in the femtotesla range, making their measurement challenging. The earliest <I>in vivo</I> human measurements were made with room-temperature coils. In 1963, Baule and McFee (1963 <I>Am</I>. <I>Heart J</I>. <A HREF='http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(63)90075-9'> <B>55</B> 95−6</A>) reported the magnetic field produced by electric currents in the heart (‘magnetocardiography’), and in 1968, Cohen (1968 <I>Science</I> <A HREF='http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3843.784'> <B>161</B> 784−6</A>) described the magnetic field generated by alpha-rhythm currents in the brain (‘magnetoencephalography’). Subsequently, in 1970, Cohen <I>et al</I> (1970 <I>Appl. Phys. Lett.</I> <A HREF='http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1653195'> <B>16</B> 278–80</A>) reported the recording of a magnetocardiogram using a Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID). Just two years later, in 1972, Cohen (1972 <I>Science</I> <A HREF='http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.175.4022.664'> <B>175</B> 664–6</A>) described the use of a SQUID in magnetoencephalography. These last two papers set the scene for applications of SQUIDs in biomagnetism, the subject of this roadmap.</P> <P>The SQUID is a combination of two fundamental properties of superconductors. The first is flux quantization—the fact that the magnetic flux Φ in a closed superconducting loop is quantized in units of the magnetic flux quantum, Φ<SUB>0</SUB> ≡ <I>h</I>/2<I>e</I>, ≈ 2.07 × 10<SUP>−15</SUP> Tm<SUP>2</SUP> (Deaver and Fairbank 1961 <I>Phys. Rev. Lett.</I> <A HREF='http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.43'> <B>7</B> 43–6</A>, Doll R and Näbauer M 1961 <I>Phys. Rev. Lett.</I> <A HREF='http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.51'> <B>7</B> 51–2</A>). Here, <I>h</I> is the Planck constant and <I>e</I> the elementary charge. The second property is the Josephson effect, predicted in 1962 by Josephson (1962 <I>Phys. Lett.</I> <A HREF='http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9163(62)91369-0'> <B>1</B> 251–3</A>) and observed by Anderson and Rowell (1963 <I>Phys. Rev. Lett.</I> <A HREF='http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.10.230'> <B>10</B> 230–2</A>) in 1963. The Josephson junction consists of two weakly coupled superconductors separated by a tunnel barrier or other weak link. A tiny electric current is able to flow between the superconductors as a supercurrent, without developing a voltage across them. At currents above the ‘critical current’ (maximum supercurrent), however, a voltage is developed. In 1964, Jaklevic <I>et al</I> (1964 <I>Phys. Rev. Lett.</I> <A HREF='http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.159'> <B>12</B> 159–60</A>) observed quantum interference between two Josephson junctions connected in series on a superconducting loop, giving birth to the dc SQUID. The essential property of the SQUID is that a steady increase in the magnetic flux threading the loop causes the critical current to oscillate with a period of one flux quantum. In today’s SQUIDs, using conventional semiconductor readout electronics, one can typically detect a change in Φ corresponding to 10<SUP>−6</SUP> Φ<SUB>0</SUB> in one second. Although early practical SQUIDs were usually made from bulk superconductors, for example, niobium or Pb-Sn solder blobs, today’s devices are invariably made from thin superconducting films patterned with photolithography or even electron lithography. An extensive descri

Efficient long-term amplification of hepatitis B virus isolates after infection of slow proliferating HepG2-NTCP cells

Kö,nig, Alexander,Yang, Jaewon,Jo, Eunji,Park, Kyu Ho Paul,Kim, Hyun,Than, Thoa Thi,Song, Xiyong,Qi, Xiaoxuan,Dai, Xinghong,Park, Soonju,Shum, David,Ryu, Wang-Shick,Kim, Jung-Hee,Yoon, Seung Kew,P Elsevier 2019 Journal of hepatology Vol.71 No.2

<P><B>Background & Aims</B></P> <P>As hepatitis B virus (HBV) spreads through the infected liver it is simultaneously secreted into the blood. HBV-susceptible <I>in vitro</I> infection models do not efficiently amplify viral progeny or support cell-to-cell spread. We sought to establish a cell culture system for the amplification of infectious HBV from clinical specimens.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>An HBV-susceptible sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide-overexpressing HepG2 cell clone (HepG2-NTCPsec+) producing high titers of infectious progeny was selected. Secreted HBV progeny were characterized by native gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. Comparative RNA-seq transcriptomics was performed to quantify the expression of host proviral and restriction factors. Viral spread routes were evaluated using HBV entry- or replication inhibitors, visualization of viral cell-to-cell spread in reporter cells, and nearest neighbor infection determination. Amplification kinetics of HBV genotypes B-D were analyzed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Infected HepG2-NTCPsec+ secreted high levels of large HBV surface protein-enveloped infectious HBV progeny with typical appearance under electron microscopy. RNA-seq transcriptomics revealed that HBV does not induce significant gene expression changes in HepG2-NTCPsec+, however, transcription factors favoring HBV amplification were more strongly expressed than in less permissive HepG2-NTCPsec−. Upon inoculation with HBV-containing patient sera, rates of infected cells increased from 10% initially to 70% by viral spread to adjacent cells, and viral progeny and antigens were efficiently secreted. HepG2-NTCPsec+ supported up to 1,300-fold net amplification of HBV genomes depending on the source of virus. Viral spread and amplification were abolished by entry and replication inhibitors; viral rebound was observed after inhibitor discontinuation.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The novel HepG2-NTCPsec+ cells efficiently support the complete HBV life cycle, long-term viral spread and amplification of HBV derived from patients or cell culture, resembling relevant features of HBV-infected patients.</P> <P><B>Lay summary</B></P> <P>Currently available laboratory systems are unable to reproduce the dynamics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) spread through the infected liver and release into the blood. We developed a slowly dividing liver-derived cell line which multiplies infectious viral particles upon inoculation with patient- or cell culture-derived HBV. This new infection model can improve therapy by measuring, in advance, the sensitivity of a patient’s HBV strain to specific antiviral drugs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cell culture system that mimicks complete HBV life cycle from entry to egress. </LI> <LI> Efficient <I>in vitro</I> infection with crude HBV patient sera. </LI> <LI> Up to 50- and 1,300-fold net amplification of patient- and cell culture-derived input HBV in the supernatant. </LI> <LI> Polyethylene glycol-independent HBV spread to adjacent cells, forming infected cell clusters. </LI> <LI> Evaluation of patient- and cell culture-derived HBV amplification w/wo antivirals over 8 weeks. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Integrative microendoscopic system combined with conventional microscope for live animal tissue imaging

Kö,hler, Martin,Paulson, Bjorn,Kim, Youngkyu,Lee, Sanghwa,Dicker, Andrea,van Krieken, Pim,Kim, Jae Young,Pack, Chan-Gi,Joo, Jinmyoung,Berggren, Per-Olof,Kim, Jun Ki Wiley (John WileySons) 2018 Journal of Biophotonics Vol.11 No.12

FUTURE ASPECTS OF TEACHING TOURISM BUSSINES ENGLISH

Cengiz G&Ouml,K 세계문화관광학회 2007 Conference Proceedings Vol.8 No.0

In today's world technology develops and changes quickly. If we do not consider future in this highly changing world we would fall behind our competitors. Those changes force people renew themselves in education as well. This is another aspect of globalization. Our world is becoming a global village, and people are able to get in touch with each other quickly and easily. This interaction plays a vital role in tourism which is a comer stone of Service Industry. Also the share of tourism export increases nearly to 30% in the world economy. (http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/menu.html) Having a good communication will lead to better and high quality service in Tourism Industry. And good communication can be maintained by good Tourism Business English education. The methods that are used to teach foreign language in today's classes are not up to date and were developed under the conditions which were totally different from today. In this study, how should the Tourism Business English education be carried out in the future will be explained in the light of developments around the world. Education and language is as old as human history. People interacted and get in touch with each other in every pace of their lives. As the societies developed and got bigger the level of interaction increased as well. Also when prosperity level of people increased the life standards of people become better. As a result of this people's view changed on their life styles. People began to spare more time for themselves, and began to travel to the other countries for their holidays. Tourism is one of the important elements in economy of most countries. Countries try to attract more tourists every year. Every year many people travel around the world for different reasons. Those reasons include, holiday, business, health, religion etc. Each year number of those people who travel around the world reaches 763, 9 million. As mentioned above share of tourism export increases to nearly 30% in the world economy (http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/menu.html). As a result of this the need for qualified and educated staff increases rapidly. Tourism Business English is as important as job qualifications for a person who works in Tourism Industry. The need for foreign language in different sectors can be seen at Figure 1. English has been the most used language all over the world. It is one of the most taught and learnt languages in the world. English is everywhere. Some 380 million people speak it as their first language and another 600 million speak it as their second. A billion are learning it, about a third of the world's population is in some sense exposed to it and by 2030, it is predicted almost half of the world will be more or less proficient in it. It is the language of globalization - of international business, politics and diplomacy. It is the language of computers and the Internet. You'll see it on posters in Beijing, you'll hear it in pop songs in Tokyo, and you'll read it in official documents in Prague. Deutsche Welle broadcasts in it. Bjork, an Icelander, sings in it. French business schools teaching it. It is the medium of expression in cabinet meetings in Bolivia. English is now the global language. (20,000 Teaching Jobs (English) Oxford Seminars. Retrieved on 2007-02-18.) Business English must be seen in the overall context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), as it shares the important elements of needs analysis, syllabus design, materials selection and development which are common to all fields of work in ESP. As with other varieties of ESP, Business English implies the definition of a specific language corpus and emphasis on particular kinds of communication in a specific context.

Magnetic field effects on the proton EDM in a continuous all-electric storage ring

Hacı&ouml,meroğ,lu, Selcuk,Orlov, Yuri F.,Semertzidis, Yannis K. Elsevier 2019 Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Vol.927 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The electric dipole moment of the proton can be searched in an electric storage ring by measuring the spin precession rate of the proton beam on the vertical plane. In the ideal case, the spin precession originates from the coupling between the electric field and the electric dipole moment. In a more realistic scenario, the magnetic field becomes a major systematic error source as it couples with the magnetic dipole moment in a similar way. The beam can see the magnetic field in various configurations which include direction, time dependence, etc. For instance, geometric phase effect is observed when the beam sees the field at different directions and phases periodically. We have simulated the effect of magnetic fields in major independent scenarios and found consistent results with the analytical estimations of the static magnetic field cases. We have set a limit for the magnetic field in each scenario and proposed solutions to avoid systematic errors from magnetic fields.</P>

Two-hole structure outsideNi78: Existence of aμsisomer ofCo76andβdecay intoNi76

S&ouml,derstr&ouml,m, P.-A.,Nishimura, S.,Xu, Z. Y.,Sieja, K.,Werner, V.,Doornenbal, P.,Lorusso, G.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H. S.,Sumikama, T.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Watanabe, H.,Wu, J.,Baba, H.,Dom American Physical Society 2015 PHYSICAL REVIEW C - Vol.92 No.5

An in vitro comparison of possibly bioactive titanium implant surfaces

G&ouml,ransson, A.,Arvidsson, A.,Currie, F.,Franke-Stenport, V.,Kjellin, P.,Mustafa, K.,Sul, Y. T.,Wennerberg, A. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A Vol.a88 No.4

<P>The aim of the study was to compare Ca and P formation (CaP) and subsequent bone cell response of a blasted and four different possibly bioactive commercially pure (cp) titanium surfaces; 1. Fluoride etched (Fluoride), 2. Alkali-heat treated (AH), 3. Magnesium ion incorporated anodized (TiMgO), and 4. Nano HA coated and heat treated (nano HA) in vitro. Furthermore, to evaluate the significance of the SBF formed CaP coat on bone cell response. The surfaces were characterized by Optical Interferometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). CaP formation was evaluated after 12, 24 and 72 h in simulated body fluid (SBF). Primary human mandibular osteoblast-like cells were cultured on the various surfaces subjected to SBF for 72 h. Cellular attachment, differentiation (osteocalcin) and protein production (TGF-β<SUB>1</SUB>) was evaluated after 3 h and 10 days respectively. Despite different morphological appearances, the roughness of the differently modified surfaces was similar. The possibly bioactive surfaces gave rise to an earlier CaP formation than the blasted surface, however, after 72 h the blasted surface demonstrated increased CaP formation compared to the possibly bioactive surfaces. Subsequent bone cell attachment was correlated to neither surface roughness nor the amount of formed CaP after SBF treatment. In contrast, osteocalcin and TGF-β<SUB>1</SUB> production were largely correlated to the amount of CaP formed on the surfaces. However, bone response (cell attachment, osteocalcin and TGF-F production) on the blasted controls were similar or increased compared to the SBF treated fluoridated, AH and TiMgO surface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009</P>