Influence of Al2O3 Content and Cooling Rate on Crystallization in Fe2O3–CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 Systems

Tae Jun Park,Joon Sung Choi,Dong Joon Min 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.9

The behavior of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) phases and the influence of sintered ore quality were investigatedusing a confocal laser scanning microscope to understand how the Al2O3content of iron ore affects the sintered orestructure and the crystallization behavior of SFCA in a Fe2O3–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 pseudo-quaternary system. The experimentalresults were used to inform simulations of the heterogeneous dynamic behavior in response to the rapid temperature changesand various chemical compositions typically encountered in actual sintering processes. Increasing the Al2O3content in theFe2O3–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 pseudo-quaternary system led to the hematite content decreasing, which affects the reducibilityof the sintered ore. The correlation between the creation of SFCA and the cooling effect associated with varying the Al2O3is discussed in detail.

Elevated TRAF2/6 expression in Parkinson's disease is caused by the loss of Parkin E3 ligase activity.

Chung, Ji-Yun,Park, Hee Ra,Lee, Su-Jin,Lee, Sun-Hye,Kim, Jin Sik,Jung, Youn-Sang,Hwang, Sang Hyun,Ha, Nam-Chul,Seol, Won-Gi,Lee, Jaewon,Park, Bum-Joon United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology [e 2013 Laboratory investigation Vol.93 No.6

<P>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second leading neurodegenerative disease, and is known to be induced by environmental factors or genetic mutations. Among the verified genetic mutations of PD, Parkin, isolated from the PARK2 locus, shows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and is known to be an E3 ligase. However, the physiological target of Parkin and the molecular mechanism of Parkin-deficiency-induced PD have not been clearly demonstrated until now. It has recently been proposed that inflammation, suggesting as a causal factor for PD, is enhanced by Parkin deficiency. Thus, we examined the relationship between inflammation-related factors and Parkin. Here, we provide the evidence that Parkin suppresses inflammation and cytokine-induced cell death by promoting the proteasomal degradation of TRAF2/6 (TNF-α receptor-associated factor 2/6). Overexpression of Parkin can reduce the half-lives of TRAF2 and TRAF6, whereas si-Parkin can extend them. However, mutant Parkins did not alter the expression of TRAF2/6. Thus, loss of Parkin enhances sensitivity to TNF-α- or IL-1β-induced JNK activation and NF-κB activation. Indeed, si-Parkin-induced apoptosis is suppressed by the knockdown of TRAF6 or TRAF2. We also observed elevated expression levels of TRAF6 and a reduction of IκB in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mouse model. Moreover, elevated expression levels or aggregation of TRAF6 were detected in approximately half of the human PD tissues (7/15 cases) and 2 cases, respectively. In addition, TRAF6 and Parkin expression levels show a reverse relationship in human PD tissues. Our results strongly suggest that the reduction of Parkin or overexpression of TRAF2/6 by chronic inflammation would be the reason for occurrence of PD.</P>

LNT를 통해 분석한 국립공원 탐방목적과 산행 윤리 의식의 상관성 : 내장산국립공원 백양사지구와 남창지구를 중심으로

최형철(Choi Hyung Chul),박재철(Park Jae Chul),노재현(Roh Jae Hyun),신상섭(Shin Sang Sup),허준(Huh Joon) 한국산림휴양학회 2010 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구는 LNT 항목의 분석을 통해서 산행 목적과 산행윤리의식 사이의 차이를 규명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위해서, 내장산국립공원의 백양사지구와 남창지구를 사례로 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 통해 국립공원 방문목적에 따라서 윤리 의식이 유의한 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 다시 말하면, 산행목적의 탐방객이 행락 목적의 탐방객보다 윤리 의식이 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. This study was performed to identify the difference between purpose and ethics consciousness of national park visit through analysis of LNT(Leave No Trace) items. For this, case study was performed in the Baekyangsa and Namchang district in Naejang national park. Study methods were questionnaire and statistic analyses. Through these, the difference of Ethics Consciousness of national park visit according to visit purpose of one was identified. In other words, it was identified that visitors for climbing purpose had higher than those for pleasure-making in Ethics Consciousness of National Park Visit.

대형 할인매장 주차장 이용만족도의 영향요인 분석

임준범 ( Joon Bum Lim ),이수범 ( Soo Beom Lee ),성정곤 ( Jung Gon Sung ),박준태 ( Jun Tae Park ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2012 한국안전학회지 Vol.27 No.4

This research has analyzed factors affecting customers` satisfaction when they use parking lots of big retailers so that, in case of constructing, operating or managing such retailers, proper measures can be come up with. The analysis has been implemented on the basis of survey, and influence factors including entry/exit lamp, parking cars`` traffic flow, parking type, pedestrians`` movement after parking and safety. Parking lot users`` satisfaction has been analyzed by using the Structural Equation Modelling and, as a result of it, in case of a detached or single building, pedestrians movement flow after parking contributed the most to the users`` satisfaction, while, in case of multipurpose complex, parking cars traffic flow has the most influential factor. It is interpreted that users of a single building put a bigger emphasis on entry to the shop and their way back to the parked area after their shopping while customers of multipurpose complex might have various purposes of visiting the place and there are relatively more cars so that they put more emphasis on traffic counterflow, other cars and pedestrians.

소아기관절개술 이후 연하기능의 생리적 변화 및 다양한 기관절개관과 부속품에 대한 고찰

Park Sung Joon 대한연하장애학회 2024 대한연하장애학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Breathing through a tracheostomy tube bypasses the upper respiratory tract. As a result, there is a decrease in heating, humidifying, and filtering of the inhaled air as it passes through the upper respiratory tract. In addition, the presence of the tracheostomy tube induces various physiological and mechanical changes in the normal swallowing function, which can result in dysphagia. Due to the advances in modern medical technology, the survival rate of premature infants, very low birth weight infants with various comorbidities and deformities, and medically fragile infants are increasing, resulting in an increase in the number of tracheostomies being performed in the pediatric population. Moreover, the indications for tracheostomy in pediatric patients have shifted to craniofacial deformities or neurologic deficits that require a long-term tracheostomy tube. These trends in pediatric tracheostomy tend to increase the number of patients suffering from various degrees of dysphagia. Nevertheless, studies on dysphagia in pediatric patients who have undergone tracheostomy and have a long-term tracheostomy tube are scarce. Therefore, this article aims to review the changes in swallowing physiology after tracheostomy, and the various types of tracheostomy tubes and their accessories used for pediatric patients to overcome the potential complications after tracheostomy.

Design and Application of a New Sliding Mode Controller with Disturbance Estimator

Park, Seung-Bok,Ham, Joon-Ho,Park, Jong-Sung Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2002 International Journal of the Korean Society of Pre Vol.3 No.4

The conventional sliding mode control (SMC) technique requires a priori knowledge of the upperbounds of disturbances and/or modeling uncertainties to assure robustness. This, however, may not be easy to obtain in practical situation. This paper presents a new methodology, a sliding mode control with disturbance estimator (SMCDE), which offers a robust control performance without a priori knowledge about the disturbance. The proposed technique is featured by an average value of the imposed disturbance over a certain period. A nonlinear spring-mass-damper system and a two-link robot system are adopted as illustrative application examples. Control performances such as estimation error and tracking error are compared between the proposed methodology and conventional scheme.

The autotransplantation and orthodontic treatment of multiple congenitally missing and impacted teeth.

Park, So-Yeon,Choi, Sung Chul,Choi, Byung-Joon,Kim, So Jung,Park, Jae-Hong Journal of Pedodontics, Inc 2012 The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry Vol.36 No.4

<P>Congenitally missing teeth are one of the most common dental anomalies. When permanent teeth are absent, various problems can occur It is important to consider the facial profile, position of the incisor teeth, skeletal and dental development, and available dental space before planning treatment. Possible treatment methods include preserving and retaining the deciduous tooth, replacing the missing tooth with prosthesis, placing an implant, or performing a transplant after extracting the deciduous tooth. Among these possibilities, autotransplantation combined with orthodontic treatment corrects both function and esthetics. This report describes the case of a 7-year-old girl with multiple congenitally missing teeth and an impacted right mandibular second premolar. Timely autotransplantation of the impacted mandibular tooth to the region of the congenitally missing right maxillary second premolar produced favorable results.</P>

KAAACI Allergic Rhinitis Guidelines: Part 2. Update in Non-pharmacological Management

Park Do-Yang,Lee Yong Ju,Kim Dong-Kyu,Kim Soo Whan,Yang Hyeon-Jong,Kim Do Hyun,Jun Young Joon,Park Sang Chul,Kim Bong-Seong,Yang Song-I,Lee Il Hwan,Kim Minji,Ryu Gwanghui,강성윤,Kim Mi-Ae,이상민,Kim Hyun-Ju 대한천식알레르기학회 2023 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.15 No.2

Allergic rhinitis is the most common chronic disease worldwide. Various upper airway symptoms lower quality of life, and due to the recurrent symptoms, multiple treatments are usually attempted rather than one definitive treatment. There are alternatives to medical (medication-based) and non-medical treatments. A guideline is needed to understand allergic rhinitis and develop an appropriate treatment plan. We have developed guidelines for medical treatment based on previous reports. The current guidelines herein are associated with the “KAAACI Evidence-Based Guidelines for Allergic Rhinitis in Korea, Part 1: Update in pharmacotherapy” in which we aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for the medical treatment of allergic rhinitis. Part 2 focuses on non-pharmacological management, including allergen-specific immunotherapy, subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy, nasal saline irrigation, environmental management strategies, companion animal management, and nasal turbinate surgery. The evidence to support the treatment efficacy, safety, and selection has been systematically reviewed. However, larger controlled studies are needed to elevate the level of evidence to select rational non-medical therapeutic options for patients with allergic rhinitis.

Expression of Citrullinated Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in a Murine Model of Hepatic Fibrosis

( Sung Eun Kim ),( Ji Won Park ),( Mo Jong Kim ),( Byungki Jang ),( Yong-chul Jeon ),( Akihito Ishigami ),( Myoungkuk Jang ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Choong Kee Park ),( Eun-kyoung Choi ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: The quiescent HSCs synthesize glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in normal liver and the expression of GFAP is noted in activated HSC. Moreover, GFAP-expressing HSCs and myofibroblasts are accumulated in and around the lesion of hepatic fibrosis. In addition, it has been reported that peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) is responsible for the citrullination of GFAP (cit-GFAP) in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the involvement of PAD2 and cit-GFAP in hepatic fibrosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of PAD2 and cit-GFAP in hepatic fibrosis using a murine model of bile duct ligation (BDL). Methods: Eight-week-old C57B/L6 mice were subjected to BDL. We examined the profiles of PAD2, citrullinated proteins and cit-GFAP using the hepatic tissues after BDL, compared with sham operated control. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by sirius red-positive collagen accumulation and by increased mRNA levels of fibrosis markers (α -SMA, TIMP-1 and Col1a1). Results: In BDL livers, the expression level of PAD2 protein and PAD2 enzyme activity was significantly increased compared to controls. In addition, the expression levels of citrullinated proteins by anti-modified citrulline antibody were higher in liver of BDL mouse than in the sham operated controls. Interestingly, using both western blot and immunohistochemical analyses, the expression levels of cit-GFAP as well as GFAP were higher in liver of BDL mouse than in sham operated controls. Conclusions: These results suggest that increased cit-GFAP with activated PAD2 may play an important role in hepatic fibrogenesis.

Tenofovir-Based Combination Therapy or Monotherapy for Multi-Drug Resistant Chronic Hepatitis B; Five Year Follow-Up Data of Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study (Final Results)

( Sang Jun Suh ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Seong Gyu Hwang ),( Hana Park ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Soon Ho Um ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Jae Young Jang ),( In Hee Kim ),( Hyoung 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Background/Aims: Recommendation of management of multidrug resistant (MDR) chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is still not uniform. Although current guidelines recommend tenofovir plus entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir monotherapy for MDR CHB, real-life data comparing combinations based TDF versus (vs.) TDF monotherapy are sparse. Herein, we report a multicenter cohort study for the evaluation of TDF-based therapy for MDR CHB. Methods: The inclusion criteria were CHB patients with resistance to more than 2 nucleos(t)ide analogues and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level over 200 IU/mL. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma were excluded. Primary end point was cumulative virologic response defined by undetectable HBV DNA (<20 IU/mL) until month 60. Results: A total of 256 patients were enrolled and 236 patients were included for analysis. Mean age of patients were 49 years and 77.5 % were male. Mean baseline HBV DNA level was 4.2±1.6 log IU/mL. Genotypic resistance to L-nucleoside analogues (L-NA)+adefovir (ADV) (79 patients), L-NA+ETV (106 patients), L-NA+ADV+ETV (51 patients) were confirmed at enrollment. Initial treatments for MDR CHB were TDF+ETV 1 mg (171, 72.5 %), TDF+ETV 0.5 mg (7, 3.0 %), TDF+L-NA (6, 3.0 %), and TDF monotherapy (52, 22.0%). Virologic response rates of the whole cohort at year 1, year 2, year 3, year 4, and year 5 were 77.2%, 86.9 %, 89.9 %, 90.1 %, and 92.5 %, respectively. At year 5, virologic response rate was not significantly different between the TDF monotherapy group and TDF-based combination group (87.5 % vs. 93.0 %, respectively, P=0.493 by Fisher’s exact test). The cumulative virologic response rate of TDF monotherapy was not significantly different at year 3 (92.3 % vs. 94.0%, respectively, P=0.893) and at year 5 (96.2 % vs. 97.8 %, respectively, P=0.910), and was not inferior to combination therapies considering that 95% confidence interval (-9.2% ~ 5.8% at year 3; -6.5% ~ 3.2% at year 5) did not include the 10% of non-inferiority margin. Conclusions: TDF based therapy was effective for the treatment of MDR CHB for during 5 years of follow-up. The efficacy of TDF monotherapy was not inferior to the TDF based combination therapy.