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근대 이행기의 서구 과학기술 수용을 통해서 나타난 『덕혜입문』의 기독교적 이해
서상진(Seo, Sang-Jin) 동서신학연구소 2024 동서신학 Vol.8 No.1
『덕혜입문』은 런던선교회에서 중국으로 파송된 그리피스 존이 션즈싱(沈子星, 1825-1887)의 도움을 받아 1879년에 한문으로 초판을 출간한 이후, 약 50년 동안 일곱 차례(1882, 1887, 1890, 1897, 1907, 1908, 1909)에 걸쳐 출간되었다. 『덕혜입문』이 일곱 번에 걸쳐 지속적인 출판한 것은 독자들에게 널리 보급되었다는 것을 증명할 뿐 아니라 그 가치가 인정되었다고 할 수 있다. 『덕혜입문』은 1879년 우창에서 시행된 과거 시험을 응시하러 온 수험생들에게 전도하기 위해 배포된 도서이다. 화중 선교의 아버지(華中宣敎之父)라고 불리는 『덕혜입문』의 저자인 그리피스 존은 1876년 한커우서회(Hankow Tract Society)를 창립하여, 기독교 문서 사역에 집중했다. 그리피스 존은 한커우서회를 중심으로 많은 서적을 출간하여, 문서 선교에 큰 업적을 남겼는데, 그 저술 중 하나가 『덕혜입문』이다. 『덕혜입문』은 언더우드 선교사에 의해 번역되었고, 후에 게일 선교사에 의해 수정하여 개정판이 출간되었다. 『덕혜입문』은 중국 식자층을 전도하고자 하는 의도를 가지고 저술되었고, 당시 유학자들의 관심이 많았던 유교 경전과 심성론을 인용하여 사용하였고, 잘못된 부분을 냉철하게 지적하기도 했다. 또한 전도용으로 제작되었지만, 서구 과학기술과 서양 철학까지 소개하여, 중국 지식인들에게 기독교가 보편적 진리임을 말하고자 했다. 『덕혜입문』은 초기 한국교회에도 소개가 되어 1세대 교회 지도자들이 회심하기도 했다. 특히 개신교 7명의 목사 중 한 명인 서상륜(徐相崙, 1848-1926)의 동생 서경조(徐景祚, 1852-1938) 목사는 존 로스(John Ross, 1842-1915) 선교사에 의해 『덕혜입문』이 황해도 송천리(松川里, 우리말로 ‘솔내’라고 부르는 데, 여기서 ‘소래’란 이름이 유래했다)에 도착했을 때, 이 책을 읽고 회심한 것으로 전해진다. 『덕혜입문』은 초기 한국교회에 많은 영향을 주었다. “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” was first published in Classical Chinese in 1879 with the help of Shen Zixing (1825-1887) by Griffith John, who was dispatched to China by the London Missionary Society. Over the next 50 years, it was published seven times (1882, 1887, 1890, 1897, 1907, 1908, and 1909). The continuous publication of “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” not only proves its widespread dissemination among readers but also attests to its recognized value.“The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” was distributed to candidates who came to take the imperial examinations held in Wuchang in 1879 for evangelistic purposes. Griffith John, the author of “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” known as the Father of Central China Mission, founded the Hankow Tract Society in 1876 and focused on Christian literature ministry. He made significant achievements in literature-based evangelism by publishing numerous books through the Hankow Tract Society, one of which was “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” was translated by missionary Underwood and later revised and reissued by missionary Gale. The book was written with the intention of evangelizing the educated class in China, using and critically addressing Confucian classics and theories of human nature, which were of great interest to scholars at the time. Although it was created for evangelistic purposes, it also introduced Western science and philosophy to demonstrate to Chinese intellectuals that Christianity is a universal truth. “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” was introduced to the early Korean church, leading to the conversion of first-generation church leaders. Notably, Reverend Seo Gyeong-jo (徐景祚, 1852-1938), the brother of one of the seven Protestant ministers, Seo Sang-ryun (徐相崙, 1848-1926), converted after reading “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” when it arrived in Songcheon-ri (松川里, called ‘Solnae’ in Korean, from which the name ‘Sorae’ is derived) in Hwanghae Province, through missionary John Ross (1842-1915). “The Gate of Virtue and Wisdom” had a significant impact on the early Korean church.
Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.22 No.19
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The cover shows an image of fully rollable transparent nanogenerators synthesized using chemical vapor deposition grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO nanorod arrays. Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Young Choi, and co-workers report on p. 2187 the electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators, with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling. This study shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are very promising for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content'> </P>
Prevalence of Clostridium tetani isolated from cattle farms in Korea
Jin Sung Seo(Jin Sung Seo),Young Min Son(Young Min Son),Kwang-Ho Choi(Kwang-Ho Choi),Mi-Hye Hwang(Mi-Hye Hwang),Kichan Lee(Kichan Lee),Bang-Hun Hyun(Bang-Hun Hyun),Young-Ju Lee(Young-Ju Lee),Byeong Ye 한국예방수의학회 2018 한국예방수의학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2018 No.-
Jin, Jie,Kim, Ji-Yeong,Choi, Woojin,Lee, Myung-Jin,Seo, Ji-Young,Yu, Jaehun,Kwon, Jae-Sung,Hong, Jinkee,Choi, Sung-Hwan Elsevier 2020 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.86 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA), which has anti-biofouling properties, was incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to prevent multi-species biofilm formation without impairing the critical mechanical properties of the PMMA. The incorporation of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC, 3wt%) was used as a positive control. PMMA wettability was found to increase with increasing CBMA content. The addition of CBMA resulted in decreased mechanical properties of PMMA. The incorporation of 3% CBMA into PMMA resulted in considerable long-term anti-biofouling effects that reduce adhesion of various fungi, bacteria (<I>Candida albicans</I>, <I>Actinomyces naeslundii</I>, and <I>Veillonella parvula)</I>, and a human saliva-derived biofilm. The anti-biofouling effect of CBMA-incorporated PMMA surpassed that of the positive control. By calculating the intensity of the collective band using Raman spectroscopy, CBMA was proven to form the most stable hydration layer. Neither CBMA nor MPC groups showed cytotoxicity. Occlusal splints fabricated using 3% CBMA showed clinically acceptable aesthetic properties with slight turbidity. Despite a limitation in terms of deteriorations of the mechanical properties, the addition of an appropriate amount of CBMA to PMMA inhibited the attachment of fungi and bacteria and suppressed multi-species biofilm growth. The aesthetic properties of CBMA-incorporated PMMA are acceptable for clinical practice.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
SLC3A2 and SLC7A2 Mediate the Exogenous Putrescine-Induced Adipocyte Differentiation
Jin Eom,Juhyun Choi,Sung-Suk Suh,Jong Bae Seo 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.12
Exogenous polyamines are able to induce life span and improve glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, the effects of exogenous polyamines on adipocyte differentiation and which polyamine transporters mediate them have not been elucidated yet. Here, we identified for the first time that exogenous polyamines can clearly stimulate adipocyte differentiation through polyamine transporters, solute carrier family 3 member A2 (SLC3A2) and SLC7A1. Exogenous polyamines markedly promote 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by increasing the intracellular lipid accumulation and the expression of both adipogenic and lipogenic genes in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, exogenous putrescine mainly regulates adipocyte differentiation in the early and intermediate stages. Moreover, we have assessed the expression of polyamine transporter genes in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes. Interestingly, the putrescine-induced adipocyte differentiation was found to be significantly suppressed in response to a treatment with a polyamine transporter inhibitor (AMXT-1501). Furthermore, knockdown experiments using siRNA that specifically targeted SLC3A2 or SLC7A2, revealed that both SLC3A2 and SLC7A2 act as important transporters in the cellular importing of exogenous putrescine. Thus, the exogenous putrescine entering the adipocytes via cellular transporters is involved in adipogenesis through a modulation of both the mitotic clonal expansion and the expression of master transcription factors. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous polyamines (such as putrescine) entering the adipocytes through polyamine transporters, can stimulate adipogenesis.