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Folate-modified PLGA nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery of pheophorbide a <i>in vivo</i>
Son, Jihwan,Yang, Seung Mok,Yi, Gawon,Roh, Yoon Jin,Park, Hyeji,Park, Jae Myung,Choi, Myung-Gyu,Koo, Heebeom Elsevier 2018 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.498 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Targeted drug delivery has been an important issue for tumor therapy including photodynamic therapy (PDT). The purpose of our study is to increase the targeting efficiency of photosensitizer (PS) using folate-modified nanoparticles (NPs) to tumor site <I>in vivo</I>. Folate receptor is over-expressed on the surface of many human cancer cells. We prepared poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs containing pheophorbide a (Pba), a PS that is used in PDT and generates free radical for killing cancer cells. The surface of NPs was composed of phospholipids modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folate (FA). The size of the resulting FA-PLGA-Pba NPs was about 200 nm in PBS at pH 7.4 and they were stable for long time. They showed faster cellular uptake to MKN28 human gastric cancer cell line than control PLGA-Pba NPs by high-affinity binding with folate receptors on cell surface. In MTT assay, FA-PLGA-Pba NPs also showed enhanced tumor cell killing compared to control PLGA-Pba NPs. <I>In vivo</I> and <I>ex vivo</I> imaging showed high accumulation of FA-PLGA-Pba NPs in tumor site during 24 h after intravenous injection to MKN28 tumor-bearing mice model. These results demonstrate that our FA-PLGA-Pba NPs are useful for tumor-targeted delivery of PS for cancer treatment by PDT.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Folate-modified PLGA nanoparticles (FA-PLGA-Pba NPs) were developed with non-toxic materials. </LI> <LI> FA-PLGA-Pba NPs were stable in aqueous condition for long time without aggregation. </LI> <LI> FA-PLGA-Pba NPs killed cancer cells effectively upon laser irradiation, and showed superior tumor-targeting <I>invivo</I>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
국내 EGR과 SCR 장착 중형트럭 대기오염물질 배출 특성
손지환 ( Jihwan Son ),김정화 ( Jounghwa Kim ),정성운 ( Sungwoon Jung ),유흥민 ( Heungmin Yoo ),홍희경 ( Heekyung Hong ),문선희 ( Sunhee Mun ),최광호 ( Kwangho Choi ),이종태 ( Jongtae Lee ),김정수 ( Jeongsoo Kim ) 한국액체미립화학회 2016 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.21 No.3
NOx and PM are important air pollutants as vehicle management policy aspect. Medium-duty truck is the main source of the pollutants although the vehicle market share is only 3.5%. National emission portion of NOx and PM form the mobile sourece are 14% and 16% respectively. In this study it was investigated that characteristics of air pollutants emission on medium duty truck equipped with EGR and SCR system. Vehicle’s test reflected driving cycle on the chassis dynamometer, and applied test cycle was WHVC(World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle) mode. The test cycle include three segments, represent urban, rural and motorway driving. Based on the test results NOx, PM, HC were less emitted form SCR vehicle than EGR vehicle. And CO was less emitted form EGR vehicle than SCR vehicle due to CO oxidation reaction on DPF surface. And most air pollutants reduced as average vehicle speed increased. Pollutants were less emitted on motorway section than urban and rural sections. But highly NOx emission on motorway section was verified according to increased EGR ratio on fast vehicle speed. HC and CO additional emission was identified as 68%, 58% respectively during SCR vehicle`s cold engine start emission test. NOx additional emission was detected by 24% on SCR vehicle`s condition of engine cold start while not detected on vehicle equipped with EGR. SCR vehicle`s additional NOx emission was derived from low reaction temperature during engine cold start condition. medium-duty truck emission characteristics were investigated in this study and expected to used to improve air pollutants management policy of medium-duty truck equipped with SCR & EGR.
The Microbiome-Immune Axis Therapeutic Effects in Cancer Treatments
Son, Young Min,Kim, Jihwan The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.9
During the last decades, research and therapeutic methods in cancer treatment have been evolving. As the results, nowadays, cancer patients are receiving several types of treatments, ranging from chemotherapy and radiation therapy to surgery and immunotherapy. In fact, most cancer patients take a combination of current anti-cancer therapies to improve the efficacy of treatment. However, current strategies still cause some side effects to patients, such as pain and depression. Therefore, there is the need to discover better ways to eradicate cancer whilst minimizing side effects. Recently, immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, is rising as an effective anti-cancer treatment. Unlike chemotherapy or radiation therapy, immunotherapy has few side effects and a higher tumor cell removal efficacy depend on cellular immunological mechanisms. Moreover, recent studies suggest that tissue immune responses are regulated by their microbiome composition. Each tissue has their specific microenvironment, which makes their microbiome composition different, particularly in the context of different types of cancer, such as breast, colorectal, kidney, lung, and skin. Herein, we review the current understanding of the relationship of immune responses and tissue microbiome in cancer in both animal and human studies. Moreover, we discuss the cancer-microbiome-immune axis in the context of cancer development and treatment. Finally, we speculate on strategies to control tissue microbiome alterations that may synergistically affect the immune system and impact cancer treatment outcomes.
Dynamics of bacterial communities in vaginas and feces between pre and postpartum of dairy cows
Son, Jun-Kyu,Kim, Dong-Hyeon,Lee, Jihwan,Kim, Sang-Bum,Park, Beom-Young,Kim, Myunghoo,Lee, Sungsill,Hur, Tai-Young,Kim, Eun Tae The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2021 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.61 No.1
The reproductive tracts have an intimate relationship with reproduction because there are bacterial communities that can affect reproductive health. The differences in the bacterial community of periparturient dairy cows were investigated. Vaginal and fecal samples were collected seven days before and after calving, and DNA was extracted to sequence the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA genes. In the postpartum vaginas, operational taxonomic units, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson were decreased, and phyla Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes were increased. In summary, bacterial abundance can affect the periparturient biological differences in dairy cows, suggesting a susceptibility to infection within one week after calving.
Jihwan LEE,Kyungsuk LEE,Junkyu SON,Doosan KIM,Eunjung CHOI,Donghyun KIM,Jayeon YOO,Gulwon JANG,Manhye HAN 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
In this study, we investigated conception rates after timed embryo transfer (ET) with frozen-thawed in vivo produced embryos from Holstein and Jersey cattle between 2008 to 2021 by four seasons at our dairy centre located in Cheonan-si, South Korea. Frozen-thawed embryos (Holstein; 416, Jersey; 169) were transferred to Holstein heifers (age = 12.5 to 31 mo). The conception rate of ET results by breed, Holstein-derived embryos (37.7%) tended to be higher than Jersey embryos (35.5%). It is presumed that the reason for the lower conception rate in Jersey-derived frozen embryos than Holstein is associated with high intracellular lipid content, causing increased damage to embryos during cryopreservation. The conception rate of ET results by four seasons, summer (34.9%) and autumn (34.4%) significantly lower than spring (38.7%) and winter (39.6%) (P < 0.05). Interestingly, according to the previous study, conception rates in summer decreased by 20-30% compared to other seasons in artificial insemination (AI), whereas ET decreased by approximately 7% compared to other seasons in this study. It may be advantageous to ET instead of AI in commercial dairy farms under summer heat stress conditions.
Jihwan LEE,Kyungsuk LEE,Doosan KIM,Junkyu SON,Jian LEE,Jinju KIM,Gulwon JANG,Manhye HAN 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
High environmental temperatures observed during the summer month reduce bovine reproduction and fertility. In this study, we examined the effect of maternal thermal stress on the number of immature oocytes retrieved by OPU procedure from Jersey heifers and their subsequent embryo developmental competence. Total 57, 69, 81 immature oocytes were retrieved from same donors (n = 3) in May (spring), June (early summer) and July (summer), respectively. Blastocyst rates were 33.3, 34.8 and 24.8% in spring, early summer and summer, respectively. Interestingly, we observed that the number of retrieved oocytes from donors were higher under extreme hot temperature (summer) than moderated temperature (spring). In contrast, blastocyst rates were lower under the hot weather. It is presumed that the reason for the increased number of retrieved oocytes in summer is associated with increased FSH levels by reduced progesterone levels due to impaired corpus luteum. And reduced embryo developmental competence in hot weather is thought to be associated with disruption of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Taken together, our result suggest that maternal thermal stress affects the number of retrieved oocytes from dairy heifers and embryo developmental competence.