촉매를 이용한 이산화탄소 고정화 및 고리형 카보네이트 합성반응에 대한 계산화학적 해석

안혜영(Hye Young An),김민경(Min-Kyung Kim),정희철(Hui Cheol Jeong),엄기헌(Ki Heon Eom),원용선(Yong Sun Won) 한국청정기술학회 2016 청정기술 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구에서는 이론화학 또는 분자모델링이라 불리는 계산화학을 기존에 연구된 촉매반응 실험결과를 해석하는 데 접목시켜 보았다. 온실효과의 주범인 이산화탄소를 에폭사이드와 반응을 통해 고정화하고 카보네이트를 생성하는 반응을 선택하였는데 이 반응은 활성화 에너지(55~59 kcal/mol)가 높아 촉매의 사용이 불가피하다. 많은 기존 연구들 중에 ZIF-90/ionic liquid immobilized ZIF-90 (IL-ZIF-90), polystyrene-supported quaternized ammonium salt, KI/KI-glycine, dimethylethanolamine (DMEA)를 촉매로 사용한 경우에 대해 반응의 각 단계를 계산하여 반응의 경로를 예측하고 단계별로 구한 에너지를 바탕으로 에너지도를 구성함으로써 실험결과를 열역학적으로 해석하였다. ZIF-90/IL-ZIF-90과 KI/KI-glycine의 경우는 실험적으로 후자들이 상대적으로 높은 수율을 얻었는데 계산 결과 활성화에너지가 낮아진 이유가 아니라 전자들의 경우 반응 중간체가 높은 에너지를 가져 반응물로 되돌아가는 역반응에 의해 정반응의 진행이 방해를 받은 것으로 밝혀졌다. DMEA를 촉매로 사용하였을 경우는 활성화 에너지를 ~42 kcal/mol로 낮춰줌으로써 금속이나 할로겐염 없이도 촉매의 활성이 잘 일어남을 증명하였다. 폴리스티렌(polystyrene)으로 지지된 quaternized 암모늄염 촉매의 경우 클러스터 가정을 사용하여 계산을 진행하였으며 암모늄염의 -NH기와 에폭사이드의 O 원자 사이의 상호작용의 가능성을 확인할 수 있는 반응경로를 제시하였다. In this study, a computational chemistry methodology called as molecular modeling was been applied to explain several experiment results mechanistically. The reaction chosen for this study was to remove carbon dioxide, known as a primary greenhouse gas, by an epoxide via the carbon dioxide fixation to produce carbonates. This reaction inherently needs the use of catalysts because it has a significantly high activation barrier (55~59 kcal/mol). Among various types of catalysts, we studied in zeolitic imidazolate framework 90 (ZIF-90)/ionic liquid immobilized ZIF-90 (IL-ZIF-90), polystyrene-supported quaternized ammonium salt, KI/KI-glycine, and dimethylethanolamine (DMEA). First, probable reaction pathways were proposed based on calculated energetics by computational chemistry. The energetics was then used for the thermodynamic interpretation on the activity of catalysts. In the case of ZIF-90/IL-ZIF-90 and KI/KI-glycine, IL-ZIF-90 and KI-glycine showed better yields compared to their counterparts. The calculation proposed interesting results that it is not from the lowering of activation energy but from the unstable intermediates of ZIF-90 and KI-glycine. For DMEA, the calculated activation energy was ~42 kcal/mol, much lower than that of the non-catalytic reaction. A possible reaction pathway was located to confirm the interaction between -NH group from ammonium and oxygen from epoxide for polystyrene-supported quaternized ammonium salt.

Carnosine Promotes Exhaustive Swimming Capacity in Mice

Jong-Soo Kim, Ki Nam Lee, Jin-Joo Hue, Jun-Hyeong Kim, Bong Soo Kang, Sang Yoon Nam, Young Won Yun, Jae-Hwang Jeong2, Beom Jun Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2011 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.12 No.1

To investigate the effect of carnosine on exhaustive exercise, swimming tests were conducted weekly with loads corresponding to 5% of body weight attached to the tails of mice, and the swimming time to exhaustion was measured. Eighty male ICR mice were divided into four groups, to which carnosine was administered at doses of 0 (control), 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg/day, respectively, for a period of four weeks. At the end of swimming exercise challenges, serum biochemistry, oxidative stress enzyme activity, and antioxidant enzyme activity in tissues were determined. Treatment with 250 mg/kg carnosine resulted in a significant increase in swimming times to exhaustion, compared to the control group in the first (P<0.01) and third week (P<0.05). Significantly lower serum lactate levels were observed after the swimming exercise in the carnosine-treated groups (10 and 250 mg/kg), compared with the control (P<0.01). Malondialdehyde levels in the liver (10 and 50 mg/kg carnosine treated groups) and skeletal muscle (250 mg/kg carnosine treated group) were significantly lower, compared with the control (P<0.05). Significantly lower protein carbonyl levels in skeletal muscle were observed in the 50 and 250 mg/kg carnosine treated groups, compared with the control (P<0.01). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in skeletal muscle did not differ significantly among the groups. These results indicate that carnosine may improve swimming exercise capacity by attenuating production of lactate and reducing oxidative stress in mice.

기상조절(인공강우와 안개저감)의 경제적 가치 추정 연구

이철규(Chulkyu Lee),장기호(Ki-Ho Chang),차주완(Joo-Wan Cha),정재원(Jae-Won Jung),정진임(Jin-Yim Jeong),양하영(Ha-Young Yang),서성규(Sung-Kyu Seo),배진영(Jin-Young Bae),강선영(Sun-Young Kang),최영진(Young-Jean Choi),조하만(Ha-man Cho) 한국기상학회 2010 대기 Vol.20 No.2

We estimate the economic benefit of weather modification (precipitation enhancement and fog dissipation) by assuming its operation for the considered regions. Based on the statistical data, the economic benefit of the virtually operational precipitation enhancement experiments for the Andong and Imha basins, where the natural precipitation is relatively lack in South Korea, is calculated 348 for the water resources, 22,458 for forest fire prevention, and 28,458 million won/year for the drought relief. The benefit of the fog dissipation operation for the Incheon International Airport is estimated 7,365 million won/year for the flight delay due to fog. The calculated ratio of benefit to cost for precipitation enhancement operation for the basins is 14.07, which is comparable to that conducted in other countries.

Systemic administration of low dosage of tetanus toxin decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus

Bing Chun Yan,In Hye Kim,Joon Ha Park,Ji Hyeon Ahn,Jeong-Hwi Cho,Bai Hui Chen,Jae-Chul Lee,Jung Hoon Choi,Ki-Yeon Yoo,Choong Hyun Lee,Jun Hwi Cho,Jong-Dai Kim,Moo-Ho Won 한국실험동물학회 2013 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.29 No.3

In the present study, we investigated the effect of Tetaus toxin (TeT) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation using specific markers: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) as an exogenous marker for cell proliferation, Ki-67 as an endogenous marker for cell proliferation and doublecortin (DCX) as a marker for neuroblasts in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) after TeT treatment. Mice were intraperitoneally administered 2.5 and 10 ng/kg TeT and sacrificed 15 days after the treatment. In both the TeT-treated groups, no neuronal death occurred in any layers of the DG using neuronal nuclei (NeuN, a neuron nuclei maker) and Fluoro-Jade B (F-J B, a high-affinity fluorescent marker for the localization of neuronal degeneration). In addition, no significant change in glial activation in both the 2.5 and 10 ng/kg TeT-treated-groups was found by GFAP (a marker for astrocytes) and Iba-1 (a marker for microglia) immunohistochemistry. However, in the 2.5 ng/kg TeT-treated-group, the mean number of BrdU, Ki-67 and DCX immunoreactive cells, respectively, were apparently decreased compared to the control group, and the mean number of each in the 10 ng/kg TeT-treated-group was much more decreased. In addition, processes of DCX-immunoreactive cells, which projected into the molecular layer, were short compared to those in the control group. In brief, our present results show that low dosage (10 ng/kg) TeT treatment apparently decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse hippocampal DG without distinct gliosis as well as any loss of adult neurons.

자동착유시스템 설치농가의 설치 후 만족도에 관한 실태조사

기광석,김종형,정영훈,김윤호,박성재,김상범,이왕식,이현준,조원모,백광수,김현섭,권응기,김완영,여준모,Ki, Kwang-Seok,Kim, Jong-Hyeong,Jeong, Young-Hun,Kim, Yun-Ho,Park, Sung-Jai,Kim, Sang-Bum,Lee, Wang-Shik,Lee, Hyun-June,Cho, Won-Mo,Baek, Kwang- 한국축산환경학회 2011 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.17 No.1

본 시험은 국내에 도입되기 시작한 AMS에 대하여 설치 동기, 설치 후 우유생산량과우유품질, AMS 설치계기 및 설치 후 만족도, AMS 운영상 애로점 및 건의사항 등을 조사 분석하였다. 설치 계기가 무엇인가에 대한 응답비율은 노동력 부족 44%, 체험목장으로 전환 25%, 소들의 고능력화에 대응 19% 순이었으며 기타 6%였다. AMS 설치농가의 사육경력은 평균 24.9년, 평균 연령은 53.2세로 나타났으며 가족노동력만으로 경영하는 목장이 조사농가의 38%, 고용+자가노동력 형태의 목장이 63%로 나타났다. 목장의 산유능력은 두당 평균 유량은 1일 $30.9{\ell}$, 평균 유지율 3.9%, 세균수는 9.1천개/$m{\ell}$ 수준이었다. 후계자 육성에 대한 질문에 매우 그렇다라고 응답한 비율은 68%였으며, 보통 18%, 아니다와 매우 아니다라고 응답한 비율은 18%로 나타났다. 시스템 운영현황 및 애로사항을 파악하기 위하여 AMS의 프로그램 주운영자에 대한 질문에 본인 44%, 부인 6%, 자녀 또는 후계자사람이 44%, 기타 6%나 되었다. AMS 운영상 가장 어려운 점에 대한 조사결과, 기기 작동 및 복잡한 프로그램 운영이 각각 31%로 가장 많았다. 그 외 기계 에러 및 고장에 대한 애로사항이 25%이였다. 도태원인에 대하여 유방염 28%, 번식장애 20%, 발굽질환 19%, AMS에 부적합한 유두 배열 12%, 분만 후 대사성질병 7%, 노산 등 기타 14%였다. 시스템 설치 후 유지보수 계약 체결유무 및 비용에 대하여 유지보수 계약 56%, 유지 보수 계약 미체결 44%이었다. 유지보수 계약 평균 계약비용은 연간 658만원 정도였다. 시스템 설치 후 항목별 만족도에 대하여 5점 만점에 3.9점이었으며, 노동력 절감 3.7점, 업체의 A/S 3.6점, 산유량 증가 3.2점, 원유의 체세포 수 저감 2.8점이었다. 시스템 설치 시 고려사항 및 건의사항에 대하여 고가의 장비를 효율적으로 사용하기 위하여 젖소의 유방과 유두 배열이 적합하도록 젖소를 선발하는 것, 시스템을 운용할 수 있는 능력, 적합한 환경, 재정적 능력과 부지 확보, 지속적인 관찰 등이 권장되어야 할 것으로 나타났으며, 설치 업체에 대해서는 컨설팅이 체계화될 필요가 가장 높게 나타났으며 이어서 보다 저렴한 설치와 서비스의 체계화를 요구하는 결과를 보였다. The present survey was conducted to provide basic information on automatic milking system (AMS) in relation to purchase motive, milk yield and quality, customer satisfaction, difficulties of operation and customer suggestions, etc. Purchase motives of AMS were insufficient labor (44%), planning of dairy experience farm (25%), better performance of high yield cows (19%) and others (6%), respectively. Average cow performance after using AMS was 30.9l/d for milk yield, 3.9% for milk fat, 9,100/ml for bacterial counts. Sixty-eight percentage of respondents were very positive in response to AMS use for their successors but 18% were negative. The AMS operators were owner (44%), successor (44%), wife (6%) and company worker (6%), respectively. The most difficulty (31%) in using AMS was operating the system and complicated program manual. The rate of response to system error and breakdown was 25%. The reasons for culling cow after using AMS were mastitis (28%), reproduction failure (19%), incorrect teat placement (12%), metabolic disease (7%) and others (14%), respectively. Fifty-six percentages of the respondents made AMS maintenance contract and 44% did not. Average annual cost of the maintenance contract was 6,580,000 won. Average score for AMS satisfaction measurement (1 to 5 range) was 3.2 with decrease of labor cost 3.7, company A/S 3.6, increase of milk yield 3.2 and decrease of somatic cell count 2.8, respectively. Suggestions for the higher efficiency in using AMS were selecting cows with correct udder shape and teat placement, proper environment, capital and land, and attitude for continuous observation. Systematic consulting was highly required for AMS companies followed by low cost for AMS setup and systematization of A/S.

Chicken genome editing by application of programmable molecule

Ki Hyun Kim,Jong Won Yoon,Hyun Jeong Kim,Tae Sub Park,Jae Yong Han 한국가금학회 2013 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2013 No.11

Multi-Parallel Operation Control Method of High Efficiency PCS Module for ESS

Ki-Hoon Bae,Jun-Mo Kim,C. Jeong Lee,D. Tae-Ho Eom,E. Kyung Ryu,Chung-Yuen Won 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

In this paper, Multi-parallel operation control method of four Power Conversion System (PCS) modules is proposed to increase overall Energy Storage System (ESS) Each module with 25kW should be controlled to share the same power, and if the output voltage and output current of each module are different, control is performed to compensate for the same value. In the proposed control scheme, the power sharing between PCSs for each module is made equal to minimize the circulating current. In addition, Silicon Carbide (SiC) Semiconductor with more advantages than Silicon (Si) semiconductor were used. The analysis of the proposed method and design procedure are explained for four PCS connected in parallel. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment.

지형고도 해상도에 따른 WRF 모의 민감도 및 AWS FDDA 효과 분석

Won Choi,Jong-Hyeok Jeong,Yun-Kyu Lim,Ki-Hoon Kim,Sang-Ok Han 한국기상학회 2013 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.4

A Study on Sons and Lovers

Jeong, Won-Ki 군산대학교 1982 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.16 No.2

Sons and Lovers는 Paul Morel 이라는 作中 Hero를 通해서 Lawrence의 젊은 藝術家의 肖像을 그린 교양소설이라고 본다. 이 小說은 心理學的 측면에서 Oedipus Complex나 또 그로因인 男女간의 Clippling 的 사랑에 대한 이야기를 보아온 여러 評者들의 觀點을 벗어나 Joyce의 A portrait처럼 藝術家로써의 天分을 타고 난 한 젊은이가 자기의 창조적 使命을 다하기 위하여 모든것으로부터 해방을 성취하는 하나의 투쟁 과정으로 본다. 그를 가장 구속하는 對象은 그의 모친이다. 男便에게 失望한 어머니는 정신적 代償滿足을 아들인 Paul 에게서 求하려 한다. 그러나 Paul은 독립적인 人間이 되기 위하여 어머니의 구속으로부터 벗어난다. 第一部는 어머니에 對한 순종의 時期이나 第二部에서는 어머니의 영향과 구속으로 부터 벗어나려고 몸부림치는 갈등과 저항의 시기가 된다. 먼저 그는 너무나 정신적 순결성을 지닌 Miriam과의 사랑을 通해서 해방을 얻으려고 하나 失敗하고 만다. Miriam은 藝術에 對한 精神的 Patroness가 될수는 있을지 모르나 生이 갈구해 마지 않는 갈증을 풀어주지는 못한다. 그래서 그는 Miriam과는 대조적인 肉體的 매력이 넘치는 Clara를 통해서 풀게 된다. 그러나 그女와와 情炎의 불길을 통해서도 그가 진정으로 바라는 해방에는 이를수 없음을 자각한다. 그女들과의 失敗는 오히려 Paul에게 그 原因이 더 많았다. 한마디로 그들은 어머니의 代理者들이었다. 결국 Paul은 진정한 自己 행복을 위해서 어머니가 죽어야 한다고 까지 생각한다. 그리하여 어머니를 안락사시키고 해방을 얻게된다. 어머니의 死後 그는 절망적 세계에서 헤메이다가 새로운 生으로 재탄생하고 自我成就에 도달하게 된다. 이것은 A Portrait에서 Stephen Dedalus가 脫出을 앞두고 "Welcome O life!"라고 말한 결심을 그대로 表現하고 있다. 그리하여 그는 生의 指向하는바 창조적 목표를 행하여 突進하게 된다. 그가 이 소설에서 이러한 自已의 초상을 그린것은 그의 어두웠던 젊은날의 과거를 淸算하고 탈피하는 作業이었다고 본다. 또한 그것은 궁극적으로 하나의 Catharsis였고 그 Catharsis를 통해서 그는 한人間으로서 그리고 藝術家로서 自己成就를 이룩했다고 본다. Sons and Lovers of David Herbert Lawrence was written in 1913. It is a novel drawing a portrait of the auther himself as well as Joyce's A portrait of the Artist is so. I am sure that Sons and Lovers is a portrait of the sensible and talented young a rtist that Lawrence intended to draw in this novel. The typical artistic genius blessed from beginning with artistic talent goes through a course of artistic training like the period of apprenticeship before he can liberate himself by breaking away from the bondage for creating his own art. He is born with the typical artistic talent and temperament, and he grows in abnormal love. His mother is not only his lover but the master of his art. The hero, Paul, lives in comfort and obediance under the protection and love of his mother in pair I. In part II, as Paul's life is opening out from childhood into manhood, it becomes the period of struggle and resistance trying to be free himself from the oppression of his mother. He attempts to accomplish his liberation by the love with Miriam, but he fails, too. The failure is caused by the fact that the girl is his mother-surrogate: he wants the woman who can take place of his mother to break away from the tie to her. Accodingly those girls also comes to be the new tie. His mother dies and he can accomplish his true release from all the relations. For some time after the death of his mother Paul undergoes a period of despair, but he wants to be born into a new life just as Stephen Dedalus in a portrait shouts "Welcome, of life" before his exile from his fatherland to the new world.

ON MATHEMATICAL TO NONLINEAR(曲線) KINETICS WITH INTRAMASS DIFFUSION UNIMOLECULAR REACTION

Won, You-Sung,Yoon, Ryong-Soo,Jeong, Il-Hyun,Kang, Shin-Choon,Ham, Young-Min,Kang, Doo-Whan,Lee, Chul-Tae,Ma, Young-Dai,Choi, Nak-Mann,Moon, Sei-Ki,Kim, Hyung-Jin,Park, Kyung-Ai,Lee, Chang-Ou,Chun, Bu 단국대학교 대학원 1989 學術論叢 Vol.13 No.-

Equations to mass transfer with nonlinear kinetics from Langmuir-Hinshelwood model or so were thought in this article. We used the perturbation method with simplified Taylor expansion method to attain the solution semianalytically. We even carried out the comparison in effectiveness factor by both. For numerical solution, we introduced Gauss-Siedel method, for the method had been rarely used. Unimolecular recation having Langmuir-Hinshelwood model wass a sample. We perceived the perturbation method to be useful for the q<10 or q>5 in the mode d^2Θ/dN^2 = Ø^2Θ/1+qΘ We, on the other hand, attained the solution without difficulty from the simplified method.