한국의 민주화와 언론 1987∼2017

조항제(Hang-Je Cho) 사단법인 언론과 사회 2017 언론과 사회 Vol.25 No.3

이 글의 목적은 민주화 이후 지난 30년간 한국의 민주주의와 언론 · 미디어가 어떤 궤적 속에서 어떤 관계를 맺으며 지금에 이르렀는지를 살펴보는 데 있다. 이 글의 이론적 자원은 최근 등장해 주목받고 있는 미디어화론이다. 미디어화론을 원용한 이유는 크게 세 가지이다. 첫째는 한국의 언론이 가진 권력성을 직접적으로 포착하기 위해서이다. 둘째는 미디어화의 단계론은 미디어와 정치 사이의 역학에 민감하게 대응한다. 셋째는 역사성이다. 한국 민주주의의 지난 30년에는 정치뿐만 아니라 미디어에서도 생태계적 변화가 있었다. 민주화 이후 언론의 자유가 회복되었으나 시장에서 주류신문은 바뀌지 않았고, 노조가 초반에는 활발했으나 경쟁에 밀려 곧 쇠락하였다. 이로써 언론의 민주화는 내외적 측면에서 모두 실패했다. 보수 일색으로 조성된 언론의 장은 IMF 이후 급격하게 바뀐 의견지형을 반영하지 못했다. 특히 진보정부가 들어선 이후에는 주류 신문과 보수야당 사이에 권력적 양태의 병행·연합관계가 강화되었으며, 정부에서도 세무조사나 법(신문법) 등으로 대응하였다. 그러나 정부의 시도는 대부분 실패했으며, 보수세력은 결국 재집권하였다. 주류 신문이 방송시장에 진출한 ‘종편’은 이런 승리의 산물이었다. 그러나 권위주의의 반언론적 색채가 강했던 박근혜 정부 말기에 이르러 연합의 내부적 균열은 심해졌으며, 총선에서 패배하고 최순실 게이트가 열리면서 마침내 박대통령은 탄핵되었다. (공영)방송에서는 신문과 달리 노조의 희생어린 투쟁이 계속되었으나 정부의 후견주의는 해결되지 못했다. 방송의 제도화는 차기 정부로 넘겨진 큰 숙제이다. 미래에는 기존의 집중화된 언론을 넘어 더 많은 미디어가 번성할 것으로 보이고 미디어화는 일상의 미시적 영역으로 더 많이 진전될 것이다. 이제 정치와 사회는 언론과 미디어의 민주적 제도화에 대해 더 심각하게 고민하지 않으면 안 된다. This paper applies to the concept of ‘mediatization’ as a theoretical framework to democratic transition of Korea during about thirty years since 1987. In doing so it addresses the question of how journalism and media has both a conflictual and symbiotic relationship with politics and democracy. The role of mediatization theory is three aspects: power dynamics of journalism and media, reciprocal and (de-facto) institutional relationship between media and politics (government) such as political parallelism and political-media alliances, historic specificity over transformative process in media ecosystem. Whereas the freedom of press was formally protected after democratization in 1987, established dominance of three conservative dailies, ‘Cho-Joong-Dong’ has little been changed since authoritarian age. Cho-Joong-Dong and Hannara Party have evolved into the political-media alliance facing the opposition’s rise to power. Especially during presidency Moo-Hyun Roh (2003∼2008), government clashed fiercely with Cho-Joong-Dong on the issue of democratization of media. However, the failure of Roh government resulted in conservative’s return to power and Cho-Joong-dong’s longing for advancement to television market. President Geun-Hye Park (2012∼2017) have her own way ignoring civil society and even some supporting classes too disappointingly. After the failure of 20<SUP>th</SUP> general election, the alliance has gradually ruptured, eventually bringing about the historic candle protest and the unprecedented impeachment of president Park. In public service broadcasting, unlike papers, the dedicated struggle for internal freedom of the union has continued, but the age-old issues of political clientelism was not resolved. Arguably, new media ecosystem arising from internet may substitute centralized political-media alliance for decentralized political communication revealing diverse and everyday mediatization.

Isolation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Substance Macrolactin A Produced from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CHO104 Isolated from Soil

( Seung Je Lee ),( Jeong Yong Cho ),( Jung Il Cho ),( Jae Hak Moon ),( Ki Deok Park ),( Young Ju Lee ),( Keun Hyung Park ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2004 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.14 No.3

현행 결과적 가중범 규정들의 개정방안에 관한 연구

조상제(Cho Sang?Je) 한국형사법학회 2007 형사법연구 Vol.19 No.3

An Exploration of Innovative and Enterprise Education Of Chinese Undergraduate in a Global Perspective

Li Yonghui, Sung-je Cho1 인문사회과학예술융합학회 2018 인문사회과학예술융합학회지 Vol.2 No.2

with the development and demand of the society, as well as the increasingly severe form of Undergraduate Students’ employment, the general institutions of higher education in China, it’s better to carry out the reform of the system from the elite to the mass education. By analyzing the present situation of Undergraduate’s independent entrepreneurship education in the Chinese institutions of higher education and comparing the innovative and entrepreneurial education in the developed countries in the world。This paper puts forward a strategy to adapt to the innovation and entrepreneurship education of the Chinese institutions, and makes a theoretical guidance for the feasibility of independent entrepreneurship for the undergraduate students, it’s to make more students trying to be independent. Entrepreneurship, that will expand the new situation for the employment of university graduates. Key words: Exploration; Innovative and Enterprise; Education Chinese Undergraduate; Global Perspective

광주 신창동유적 : 제1차조사개보

조현종,장제근 한국고고미술연구소 1992 고고학지 Vol.4 No.-

이 글은 국립광주박물관이 광주시의 의뢰를 받아 실시한 광주 신창동 소재 유적에 대한 조사 약보(略報)이다. 유적은 광주-장성을 잇는 국도확포장구간에 포함되었고 공사의 진척에 따라 유적 일부가 잘려나가는 상황에 놓이게 되었다. 특히 유적 일대의 충적 저지대에서는 공사로 인해 패인 지표하 2m 정도의 깊이에 있는 황갈색 사질층과 흑갈색 진흙층에서 볍씨와 탄화미(炭化米) 등이 곡물자료와 함께 일부 가공흔이 나타나는 목재류 등이 채집되었다. 이에 광주박물관은 광주시 등 관계기관과 협의하여 1차로 공사구간에 대한 유구확인을 위한 발굴조사를 실시하게 되었다. 조사는 1992년 6월 26일부터 7월 25일까지 이루어졌다. 그 결과 국내에서는 처음으로 목제 농기구가 출토된 소택지(沼澤地)의 존재가 알려졌으며 이와 함께 초기철기시대에서 원삼국시대에 이르는 것으로 생각되는 토기요지·구상유구(溝狀遺構)·조상유구(條狀遺構)·주거지 등이 확인되었다. 소위 소택지에서는 흑도(黑陶)·고배(高杯)·점토대토기(粘土帶土器) 등 각종 토기류와 함께 칠기고배, 빗(櫛), 검파(劍把), 통발 등 다양한 목제유물과 볍씨 등 탄화미를 비롯한 곡물자료가 발견되었다. 특히 칠기고배를 비롯한 칠기 등과 목제유물은 지금까지 창원 다호리를 비롯한 영남지방에서는 드물게나마 출토된 바 있으나 한반도 서남부지역에서는 초출(初出)의 자료로서 시사되는 바 크다. 또한, 주거지를 제외한 각 유구에서 출토된 토기류의 형태적 특징에서 요지 출토품과 유사성이 인정됨으로써 당시의 생산과 유통에 관한 새로운 인식의 계기를 마련해 주고 있다. 이러한 물질자료들은 유적의 극히 일부에서 출토된 것이지만 아직 밝혀지지 않은 이 시기의 생산양식과 농경문화의 구체적인 실체에 접근하는 데 필요한 하나의 수확이며 고환경의 복원 및 문화발전과 전파문제의 해석에도 많은 도움이 될 것이다. The Shinchang-dong site in Gwangju, Jeollanam-do Province, was excavated by the Gwangju National Museum in 1992, prior to the construction of the national road. The excavation revealed a peat bog, a pottery kiln, a ditch-shaped feature, a dry field-like feature and a dwelling house. Among the materials recovered from the peat bog were 1) lacquer wares and wooden artefacts including a hoe, mounted dishes, a comb, a dagger handle, basketry fish traps, bird's head-shaped scuplture, and various tools for woodworking, 2) potteries including plain-coarse pottery, black-burnished pottery, and pottery with clay stripe along the rim, the shapes of which are mounted dishes, long-necked jars, wide-mouthed bowls, dish-shaped covers and steamers, 3) organic remains including grains and seeds of rice, barley, wheats, cucumber, legumes and apricots, walnut shells, fish bones and snails, 4) accumulations of large quantities of rice husks. Many wooden pieces, planks and tools with some indications of woodworking as well as the existence of posts for hanging wooden implements indicate the use of swamp as the place for woodworking. The pottery kiln was dug in the direction of contour. Its size is 8m in length by 2m in width, and the slopeness of the floor is 5~8°. It is a open kiln without any additional structure such as roof, wall and combustion chamber. The potteries found from the kiln are similar to those from the bog site. The floor plan of dwelling site is a rectangle about 430cm by 320cm, in the depth of 20cm. It has a central hearth in an oval shape, 50cm in diameter. The peat bog, the kiln and other features date to about the late 2nd century B.C. or the 1st century B.C. while the dwelling site dates to the 3rd century AD. Recognizing the importance of the site, it is designated as the NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE NO. 375.

Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS)를 이용한 분자영상

조제열 대한핵의학회 2004 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.38 No.2

Radioiodide uptake in thyroid follicular epithelial cells, mediated by a plasma membrane transporter, sodium iodide symporter (NIS), provides a first step mechanism for thyroid cancer detection by radioiodide injection and effective radioiodide treatment for patients with invasive, recurrent, and/or metastatic thyroid cancers after total thyroidectomy. NIS gene transfer to tumor cells may significantly and specifically enhance internal radioactive accumulation of tumors following radioiodide administration, and result in better tumor control. NIS gene transfers have been successfully performed in a variety of tumor animal models by either plasmid-mediated transfection or virus (adenovirus or retrovirus)-mediated gene delivery. These animal models include nude mice xenografted with human melanoma, glioma, breast cancer or prostate cancer, rats with subcutaneous thyroid tumor implantation, as well as the rat intracranial glioma model. In these animal models, non-invasive imaging of in vivo tumors by gamma camera scintigraphy after radioiodide or technetium injection has been performed successfully, suggesting that the NIS can serve as an imaging reporter gene for gene therapy trials. In addition, the tumor killing effects of I-131, ReO4-188 and At-211 after NIS gene transfer have been demonstrated in in vitro clonogenic assays and in vivo radioiodide therapy studies, suggesting that NIS gene can also serve as a therapeutic agent when combined with radioiodide injection. Better NIS-mediated imaging and tumor treatment by radioiodide requires a more efficient and specific system of gene delivery with better retention of radioiodide in tumor. Results thus far are, however, promising, and suggest that NIS gene transfer followed by radioiodide treatment will allow non-invasive in vivo imaging to assess the outcome of gene therapy and provide a therapeutic strategy for a variety of human diseases. (Korean J Nucl Med 38(2):152-160, 2004)

단열양생을 이용한 고강도 콘크리트 압축강도 추정에 관한 실험적 연구

조규현,김제섭,전판근,백민수,김우재,정상진 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

The present study is a basic experiment on the estimation of the compressive strength of high strength concrete, aiming at estimating the compression strength of mass test pieces of high strength concrete by giving the temperature hysteresis of the mass test pieces to managerial test pieces. Different from ordinary concrete, high strength concrete generally shows the high rise of temperature caused by hydration heat inside the concrete. It is known that, in mass concrete, thermal stress occurs due to the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside, which causes a significant difference in compression strength between structure beams and managerial test pieces. It is also reported that there is a large difference between the compression strength of cylindrical managerial test pieces of standard underwater curing and the strength of structure beam concrete. Thus, this study made concrete test pieces in an optimal mix ratio for each strength level, and also created adiabatic curing tank and managerial test pieces. Then it carried out comparative analysis in relation to core strength and suggested equipment and a technique that can control the strength of high strength concrete mass more conveniently and accurately.

악성 혈액질환에서 성공적인 동종골수이식 후 숙주 기질 미세환경의 구축

조상희,이제중,남찬은,최경상,정익주,이일권,김진희,박종태,김형준 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2002 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.7 No.1

인체의 골수는 간엽모세포를 함유하고 있으며 이들은 골수미세환경의 주된 세포들로 분화가 가능하여 조혈기능을 지지한다. 본 연구에서는 성별이 다른 동종조혈모세포이식 환경에서 조혈모세포의 완전 생착을 보이고, 이식 후 1년에서 8년이 지난 11예의 재생불량성 빈혈 및 백혈병 환자들을 대상으로 하여 골수에서 MSC를 분리하고 체외 확장을 통해 배양된 MSC에서 X 염색체 탐식자를 이용한 FISH 및 microsatellite polymorphism PCR 기법으로 그 기원을 확인하였다. 그 결과 조혈모세포는 완전히 공여자 기원으로 대치되었음에도 불구하고 MSC는 모두 수여자 기원임을 알 수 있어, 동종조혈모세포이식에서 미세환경의 구축은 수여자의 자가 생산에 의한 골수 간질세포에 의한 것으로 생각된다. Background: Human bone marrow (BM) contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that can differentiate into various cells of mesenchymal origin. It remains a matter of controversy whether donor-derived stromal cells are capable of engraftment following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or not. Methods: To determine if donor-derived stromal cells are transferred to the recipients of allogeneic HSCT, we investigated the characterization of MSC in 11 patients 1 to 8 years after sex mis-matched allogeneic HSCT in severe aplastic anemia and leukemia. Results: All patients had complete engraftment with donor- derived stem cells as shown by detection of donor type DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Following culture, MSC showed the expression of SH2 and SH4, but none of the hematopoietic markers of CD14, CD34, or CD45. MSC which can be differentiated to osteogenic lineage showed the genotype of recipient completely using FISH or PCR analysis. Conclusion: This study confirmed that MSC isolated from recipients of allogeneic HSCT in severe aplastic anemia and leukemia are not of donor genotype despite of full hematopoietic engraftment with donor type. Donor cells did not contribute to reconstitute the marrow microenvironment.

4 학년 아동들의 수학적 문제 설정 활동의 효과

조제호,신인선 한국수학교육학회 1998 初等 數學敎育 Vol.2 No.2

We examined two kinds of problem posing, 'problem making' and 'problem modifying' to find which one is more effective for improving mathematical problem solving ability according to the student's learning-levels and sexes. The results showed that 'problem making' is more effective for high and middle-level groups than 'problem modifying'. There was no big difference according to the sexes. These facts implies that making a problem when a situation was presented is more effective to develop problem solving ability than modifying a problem: modifying some conditions and contents of given problem.

비탈형 거푸집의 경제성 향상에 관한 연구

조규현,김제섭,전판근,김우재,정상진 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study is to improve the productivity and constructability of permanent forms. The permanent forms will cut down the cost of production and make easier to install in the field; hence increase the use of forms in the today's market. The permanent form is produced in the factory and built in field. So this study is in two parts. The one is the productivity in factory, the other is constructability in the field. This study is the designing a new mold system as a solution to existing mold system's problems.