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Plant Regeneration and Bulblet Formation of Allium wakegi Araki
Song,Won-seob,Yang,Deok-Chun,Yoon,Jae-Ho,Ryu,Sang-Hyun 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1
Allium wakegi was cultured shoot tip in the condition of light culture. The Allium wakegi added plant growth regulator was observed of plant regeneration and bulblet formation. Callus Induction and growing rate was the best of 78% when added alone 2,4-D 0.5mg/L. In the formation of shoot, its regeneration rate was 96% when added BA 0.5mg/L in the light culture condition. When BA 0.5mg/L and NAA 0.5mg/L mixed and BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the rates were 99% and 97% respectively, and these conditions were suitable for forming shoot. In the formation of roots, when added NAA 2.0mg/L in the light culture condition, the regeneration rate was 90.6 % and the roots were abnormal. When added NAA 1.0mg/L, the rate was 82 % and the highest. In the formation of bulbs, when BA 05mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the root generantion and its size in the bulbs was the best compare to other treatment experiments.
A field study of colloid transport in surface and subsurface flows
Zhang, Wei,Tang, Xiang-Yu,Xian, Qing-Song,Weisbrod, Noam,Yang, Jae E.,Wang, Hong-Lan Elsevier, etc 2016 Journal of hydrology Vol.542 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Colloids have been recognized to enhance the migration of strongly-sorbing contaminants. However, few field investigations have examined combined colloid transport via surface runoff and subsurface flows. In a headwater catchment of the upper Yangtze River, a 6m (L) by 4m (W) sloping (6°) farmland plot was built by cement walls to form no-flow side boundaries. The plot was monitored in the summer of 2014 for the release and transport of natural colloids via surface runoff and subsurface flows (i.e., the interflow from the soil-mudrock interface and fracture flow from the mudrock-sandstone interface) in response to rain events. The water sources of the subsurface flows were apportioned to individual rain events using a two end-member model (i.e., mobile pre-event soil water extracted by a suction-cup sampler <I>vs</I>. rainwater (event water)) based on <I>δ</I> <SUP>18</SUP>O measurements. For rain events with high preceding soil moisture, mobile pre-event soil water was the main contributor (generally >60%) to the fracture flow. The colloid concentration in the surface runoff was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that in the subsurface flows. The lowest colloid concentration was found in the subsurface interflow, which was probably the result of pore-scale colloid straining mechanisms. The rainfall intensity and its temporal variation govern the dynamics of the colloid concentrations in both surface runoff and subsurface flows. The duration of the antecedent dry period affected not only the relative contributions of the rainwater and the mobile pre-event soil water to the subsurface flows but also the peak colloid concentration, particularly in the fracture flow. The <10μm fine colloid size fraction accounted for more than 80% of the total suspended particles in the surface runoff, while the colloid size distributions of both the interflow and the fracture flow shifted towards larger diameters. These results highlight the need to avoid the application of strongly-sorbing agrochemicals (e.g., pesticides, phosphorus fertilizers) immediately before rainfall following a long no-rain period because their transport in association with colloids may occur rapidly over long distances via both surface runoff and subsurface flows with rainfall.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Subsurface flow was apportioned into rainwater and mobile pre-event soil water. </LI> <LI> The duration of no-rain period affects peak colloid concentration. </LI> <LI> Rainfall intensity and its temporal variation govern colloid discharge dynamics. </LI> </UL> </P>
Song, Dong-Heon,Choi, Ji-Hun,Choi, Yun-Sang,Kim, Hyun-Wook,Hwang, Ko-Eun,Kim, Yong-Jae,Ham, Youn-Kyung,Kim, Cheon-Jei Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.6
This study was conducted to determine the effects of using mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) and collagen on quality characteristics of semi-dried chicken jerky. In experiment I, semi-dried chicken jerky was prepared with the replacement of chicken breast with MDCM (0, 10, 20, and 30%). The pH value of the jerky formulated with only chicken breast was 5.94, while the replacement of chicken breast with MDCM significantly increased the pH (p<0.05). The protein content and shear force of the jerkies decreased with increasing amounts of MDCM, whereas the fat, ash content and processing yield showed the opposite tendency (p<0.05). Replacement with up to 10% MDCM had no adverse effects on the sensory characteristics of the semi-dried chicken jerky. In experiment II, four levels of pork collagen (0, 1, 2, and 3%) were added to the semi-dried chicken jerky formulated with 90% chicken breast and 10% MDCM. The addition of collagen increased the moisture content, but decreased the ash content of the jerkies produced (p<0.05). The processing yield of the jerkies increased with increasing added amounts of collagen (p<0.05). It was found that the jerkies formulated with 0-2% collagen had significantly higher overall acceptance score than those prepared with 3% collagen (p<0.05). In conclusion, MDCM and collagen could be useful ingredients to reduce the production cost and improve the processing yield of semidried chicken jerky. The optimal levels of MDCM and collagen which could be added without adverse effects on the sensory characteristics were up to 10% and 2%, respectively.
Sang-Ah Han,Won Seo Park,Jae-Hoon Jang,Sun-Young Min,Jung Kyu Ryu,Jeong-Yoon Song 대한외과학회 2014 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.87 No.4
Purpose: The primary aim of the present study was to analyze the association between high-risk clinicopathologic characteristics and the BRAFV600E mutation. Methods: From March 2010 to September 2012, we performed analysis of the BRAF mutation (assessing V600E point mutation of BRAF gene, exon 15, on chromosome 7q34 by real-time polymerase chain reaction kit) from 499 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients who underwent thyroidectomy. We analyzed the relation between the mutation and known clinicopathologic risk factors of PTC. Results: BRAF mutations were found in 353 of 499 patients (70.7%). On univariate analysis, BRAF mutations were more frequently detected in patients with central lymph node metastasis (78.5% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.007) and classic PTC type (71.3% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.011). Patients with one or more aggressive pathologic feature such as lymph node metastasis, multifocality, and extrathyroidal extension showed higher BRAF mutation rate (73.5% vs. 62.3%, P = 0.022). BRAF mutation group showed more aggressive pathologic features, which is considered as higher necessity of radioactive iodine ablation (relative risk, 1.617; P = 0.035). Conclusion: This study found that BRAF mutation is associated with classic PTC and central lymph node metastasis and higher necessity of radioactive iodine ablation.
Song, Min-Keun,Seon, Hyo-Jeong,Kim, In-Gyu,Han, Jae-Young,Choi, In-Sung,Lee, Sam-Gyu Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine 2012 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.36 No.3
<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>To investigate the effect of combined therapy of exercise and nootropic agent on cognitive function in a focal cerebral infarction rat model.</P><P><B>Method</B></P><P>Forty 10-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to photothrombotic cerebral infarction of the left parietal lobe. All rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A was photothrombotic cerebral infarction rats without any treatment (n=10); group B was photothrombotic cerebral infarction rats with swimming exercise (n=10); group C was photothrombotic cerebral infarction rats with oral administration of acetyl-L-carnitine (n=10); group D was photothrombotic cerebral infarction rats with swimming exercise and oral administration of acetyl-L-carnitine (n=10). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze test on the 1st day, and the 1st, 2nd, and 4th week after the induction of cerebral infarction. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus were measured. The neuronal cells of the hippocampus were histopathologically evaluated.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The escape latency was shorter in groups B, C, and D than in group A. However, the differences were not statistically significant at the 1st, 2nd and 4th week. The activity of SOD was the highest in group D. The level of MDA was the lowest in group D. We observed more normal neuronal cells in groups B, C, and D.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The combined therapy of exercise and nootropic agent was helpful in ameliorating oxidative stress in the focal cerebral infarction rat model. However, the effect did not translate into improvement of cognitive function.</P>
( Jae-hoon Ko ),( Hyeong-taek Woo ),( Hong Sang Oh ),( Song Mi Moon ),( Joon Young Choi ),( Jeong Uk Lim ),( Donghoon Kim ),( Junsu Byun ),( Soon-hwan Kwon ),( Daeyoun Kang ),( Jung Yeon Heo ),( Kyong 대한내과학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.36 No.1
Background/Aims: Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55), an emerging epidemic strain, has caused several large outbreaks in the Korean military since 2014, and HAdV-associated acute respiratory illness (HAdV-ARI) has been continuously reported thereafter. Methods: To evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of HAdV-ARI in the Korean military, we analyzed respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction (RV-PCR) results, pneumonia surveillance results, and severe HAdV cases from all 14 Korean military hospitals from January 2013 to May 2018 and compared these data with nationwide RV surveillance data for the civilian population. Results: A total of 14,630 RV-PCRs was performed at military hospitals. HAdV (45.4%) was the most frequently detected RV, followed by human rhinovirus (12.3%) and influenza virus (6.3%). The percentage of the military positive for HAdV was significantly greater than the percentage of civilians positive for HAdV throughout the study period, with a large outbreak occurring during the winter to spring of 2014 to 2015. The outbreak continued until the end of the study, and non-seasonal detections increased over time. The reported number of pneumonia patients also increased during the outbreak. Case fatality rate was 0.075% overall but 15.6% in patients with respiratory failure. The proportion of severe patients did not change significantly during the study period. Conclusions: A large HAdV outbreak is currently ongoing in the Korean military, with a trend away from seasonality, and HAdV-55 is likely the predominant strain. Persistent efforts to control the outbreak, HAdV type-specific surveillance, and vaccine development are required.
Effect of Filler Metal in High Vacuum Brazing of Diamond Tools
Song Min-Seok,An Sang-Jae,Lee Sang-Jin,Cheong Ki-Jeong 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
The purpose of this study was to examine the interfacial reaction between diamond grits and Ni-based, Ag-based, brazing filler metal, respectively. The morphology of the interface between diamond grits and Ni-based, filler metal exhibited a very good condition after this heat treatment. Cr-carbide and Ni-rich compounds were detected by XRD analysis in the vicinity of the interface between diamond grits and Ni-based, filler metal after vacuum induction brazing. Chromium carbide is considered to play an important role in the high bonding strength achieved between diamonds grits and the brazing alloy.
Effects of Replacing Sucrose with Various Sugar Alcohols on Quality Properties of Semi-dried Jerky
Sung Jin Jang,Hyun Wook Kim,Ko Eun Hwang,Dong Heon Song,Yong Jae Kim,Youn Kyung Ham,Yun Bin Lim,Tae Jun Jeong,Si Young Kim 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.5
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing sucrose with sugar alcohols (sorbitol, glycerol and xylitol) on the quality properties of semi-dried jerky. Total 7 treatments of jerkies were prepared as follows: control with sucrose, and treatments with 2.5 and 5.0% of sucrose replaced by each sugar alcohol, respectively. Drying yield, pH, water activity, moisture content, shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value, sugar content, and sensory evaluation were evaluated. Xylitol slightly decreased the pH when compared to the other sugar alcohols (p>0.05). The water activity of the semidried jerky was significantly reduced by treatment with glycerol and xylitol (p<0.05). The moisture content of semi-dried jerky containing various sugar alcohols was significantly higher than that of the control (p<0.05), while replacing sucrose with glycerol yielded the highest moisture content. The shear force of semi-dried jerky containing sugar alcohols was not significantly different for the sorbitol and glycerol treatments, but that replacing sucrose with 5.0% xylitol demonstrated the lowest shear force (p<0.05). The TBARS values of semi-dried jerkies with sugar alcohols were lower than the control (p<0.05). The sugar content of the semi-dried jerkies containing sorbitol and glycerol were lower than the control and xylitol treatment (p<0.05). In comparison with the control, the 5.0% xylitol treatment was found to be significantly different in the sensory evaluation (p<0.05). In conclusion, semi-dried jerky made by replacement with sugar alcohols improved the quality characteristics, while xylitol has applicability in manufacturing meat products.
( Jae Yoon Jeong ),( Dae Won Jun ),( Daiseg Bai ),( Ji Yean Kim ),( Sang Bong Ahn ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Hyoung Su Kim ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Yong Kyun Cho ),( Do Seon Song ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Young 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: For multicenter studies, the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) by consensus should utilize at least two of the current validated testing strategies: paper-pencil test and one computerized test. Recently we developed a ‘Korean paper and pencil test’ (K-PPT) and a mobile base ‘Korean Stroop test’ (K-stroop test) as a ‘copyleft’. The aim of this study is to validate the usefulness for K-PPT and K-stroop test to detect MHE in Korea. Methods: One hundred thirty four patients with hepatitis B virus associated cirrhosis without overt HE underwent K-PPT (number connection test-A, number connection test-B, digit span test-forward, digit span test-backward and symbol digit modality test), psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and mobile based K-Stroop test. MHE was defined as an impaired performance under - 1.5 standard deviations from the mean on more than 2 tests in K-PPT. And we defined MHE as ≤ -5 points in PHES. Results: Prevalence of MHE in enrolled patients was 22.4% using K-PPT and 20.9% using PHES. The agreement of MHE diagnosis between K-PPT and PHES was 86.6% (sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 90.6%, k coefficients=0.605, P<0.0001). ‘Off time’ (P=0.001), ‘On time + Off time’ (P=0.007) and ‘On time - Off time’ (P=0.041) of K-stroop test were significantly different between patients with MHE and those without MHE diagnosed using PHES. The number of impaired performance of variables in K-PPT (r=-0.697, P<0.0001) and off-time of K-stroop test (r=-0.405, P<0.0001) showed linear correlation with conventional PHES test. Conclusions: K-PPT and mobile based K-stroop test have good correlation with conventional PHES to detect MHE in patients with cirrhosis.
Fuel Properties of Woody Pellets in Domestic Markets of Korea
Jae-Heun Oh,Jin-Sung Hwang,Du-Song Cha 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.4
This study investigated physical properties and combustion gas characteristics for 8 types of wood pellets (4 domestic and 4 imported products) distributed in the domestic market. Results showed that most pellet types were first-grade pellets in the wood pellet quality standards in Korea with the exception of 3 pellet types from K company (second-grade in mechanical durability), G company (off-grade in nitrogen content) and P company (second-grade in ash percentage). Mixed pellets which contained more lignin and sap content were higher in mechanical durability (%) than that of white pellets. From the combustion gas analysis results, NOx emitted from all pellets combustion was at acceptable levels for national emission standard of the Clean Air Conservation Act except for pellets from G company. In addition, CO levels from all types of wood pellets were acceptable except for pellets from D company and domestic pellets were higher CO levels than imported pellets. These results indicate the higher CO levels in domestic pellets due to the usage of forest thinning materials including logging debris which usually had the high content of bark.