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Ryu, S,Park, S,Lee, JH,Kim, YR,Na, HS,Lim, HS,Choi, HY,Hwang, IY,Lee, JG,Park, ZW,Oh, WY,Kim, JM,Choi, SE John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017 Clinical and translational science Vol.10 No.2
<P>We performed a double‐blinded, genotype‐based stratification study to explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amitriptyline according to <I>CYP2C19</I> and <I>CYP2D6</I> genotype in Korean subjects. Twenty‐four healthy adults were grouped by genotype of <I>CYP2C19</I> and <I>CYP2D6</I>. After a single dose of 25 mg of amitriptyline, blood samples were collected and anticholinergic effects were measured. The extent of <I>N</I>‐demethylation of amitriptyline significantly decreased in subjects carrying two nonfunctional alleles of <I>CYP2C19</I>. The extent of hydroxylation of amitriptyline or nortriptyline was significantly reduced in subjects carrying two <I>CYP2D6</I> decreased functional alleles compared with those with no or one decreased functional allele. The overall metabolic pathway of amitriptyline was more likely to be dominated by <I>CYP2C19</I> than <I>CYP2D6</I>. The gene variations of <I>CYP2C19</I> and <I>CYP2D6</I> did not change the pharmacodynamic effect. The findings of this study will provide useful information on individualized drug treatment with amitriptyline considering both <I>CYP2D6</I> and <I>CYP2C19</I> gene variations.</P>
김종현(JH.Kim),류명효(M.Y.Ryu),정인화(I.W.Jung),S.Shenderey,김종수(J.S.Kim),임근희(G.H.Rim) 전력전자학회 2003 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.7(1)
A semiconductor switch-based fast bi-polar high voltage pulse generator is proposed In This paper. The proposed pulse system is made of a thyristor based-rectifier, DC link capacitor, a push-pull resonant Inverter, a high voltage transformer, secondary capacitor, a high voltage IGBT & diode stacks, and a variable capacitor. The proposed system makes bi-polar high voltage sinusoidal waveform using resonance between leakage inductance of the transformer and secondary capacitor and transfers energy to output load at maximum of the secondary capacitor voltage Compared to previous bi-polar high voltage pulse power supply using nonlinear transmission line, the proposed pulse power system Using only semiconductor switches has simple structure and gives high efficiency
오기석,유희석,권혁찬,양현원,장기홍,황경주,유정현,손성향 대한산부인과학회 1997 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.40 No.9
Introduction : In human IVF-ET only a few oocytes develop to be good quality embryos depending on the incubation conditions and the quality of ovum and sperm, while the rest show abnormal morphology due to unequal cell division or fragmentation of the cell. Fragmented em- bryos limit developmental potential and rarely result in implantation. Such abnormal embryo development have been reported to be due to genetic defects or inadequate culture environment. This in-vitro environment differs from in-vivo conditions in that the oxygen concentration is higher(20 %) and in such conditions, the mouse embryos show a higher ROS in simple culture media. ROS is believed to cause damage to the cell membrane and DNA fragmentation in somatic cells. This study was conducted to ascertain the level of ROS within embryos and morphological features of cell damage induced by ROS. Materials & Methods : A total of 53 human oocytes and embryos(31 fragmented and 10 nonfragmented embryos, 12 unfertilized oocytes) were obtained in IVF-ET programs. The relative intensity of ROS within embryos was reassured using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHFDA ; Molecular Probes, USA) by Quanti cell 500(Imaging Co. UK), and DNA fragme- ntation was observed via TEM(Zeiss EM 902A, Germany) and ApopTag kit(Oncor Co. USA). Results : The ROS levels was significantly higher in fragmented embryos(72.21±9.62) compared to nonfragmented embryos(31.30±3.50, p$lt;0.05) and unfertilized oocytes(30.75±2.67, p$lt;0.05). Apoptosis was only observed in fragmented embryos, and was absent in nonfragmented embryos. Also the DAPI staining showed that the nuclei of fragmented embryos were broken up into irregular shapes, and the EM showed confirmation of apoptotic bodies and cytoplasmic condensation in the fragmented blastomeres. Conclusion : We conclude that there is a direct relationship between increased ROS and apoptosis, and that further studies should be undertaken.