General trends of atmospheric mercury concentrations in urban and rural areas in Korea and characteristics of high-concentration events

Han, Y.J.,Kim, J.E.,Kim, P.R.,Kim, W.J.,Yi, S.M.,Seo, Y.S.,Kim, S.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2014 Atmospheric environment Vol.94 No.-

Long-term measurement of speciated Hg concentrations is the first step toward identifying the seasonal and spatial characteristics of Hg concentrations; however, atmospheric Hg research is scarce in Korea. In this study, total gaseous mercury (TGM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and particle-bound mercury (PBM) were measured in urban (Seoul) and rural (Chuncheon) areas over a more than 3 year period in order to improve the understanding of speciated Hg transport. The mean concentrations of TGM, GOM and PBM were 3.72 +/- 2.96 (0.19-149.84) ng m<SUP>-3</SUP>, 11.3 +/- 9.5 (0.9-57.3) pg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, and 13.4 +/- 12.0 (2.1-64.3) pg m<SUP>-3</SUP> at the Seoul site and 2.12 +/- 1.47 (0.26-10.75) ng m<SUP>-3</SUP>, 2.7 +/- 2.7 (0.1-16.9) pg m<SUP>-3</SUP>, and 3.7 +/- 5.7 (0.1-30.0) pg m<SUP>-3</SUP> in Chuncheon. Both long-range transport and local sources caused high TGM concentration events, while local coal combustion was a main cause of enhancing the GOM and PBM concentrations in Seoul. However, there was no correlation between the pollutants emitted from coal combustion and the speciated Hg concentration in Chuncheon, indicating that other mechanisms were involved in the Hg increase. We found a positive correlation between the GOM and the O<SUB>3</SUB> concentrations and a negative correlation between the GEM and the GOM concentrations, especially on foggy days, suggesting that the oxidation of GEM was an important source for GOM in Chuncheon. In addition, the ratio of PBM/GOM was inversely proportional to the atmospheric temperature and directly proportional to the relative humidity, which suggests that the in-situ formation of PBM through gas-particle partitioning of GOM was important in rural areas.

남녀 대학생의 신체만족도, 자아존중감과 우울에 대한 비교연구

김나영,김민정,김진경,박민주,박민지,이다솜,이민경,이지영,전양지,정하은 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2010 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.44

The purpose of this study was to know relationship among body image and self esteem, depression obtained from male and female. Also we wanted to know what is differences between male and female groups. We intended to provide basis materials for developing programs to increase body image, self esteem and to decrease depression at the same time. Object of our study were male and female who are in collage. There were 90 people in each group. We used frequency analysis to know general characteristics, and we use frequency analysis and descriptive statistic analysis to know question distribution. We studied relationship among body image and self esteem and depression with using Spearman Correlation and analysised the differences between male and female groups with using T-test. This is the result of our research. 1. ale show higher BCS and BET scores than women. Between male and female, self-esteem have no big differences. And female is more depressive than male. 2. he two elements that body image and depression are in inverse proportion to each other in both male and female university students. 3. The two elements that self-esteem and depression are in inverse proportion to each other in both male and female university students. 4. The two elements that body image and self-esteem are in inverse proportion to each other in both male and female university students. And male have high correlation between BCS and BET, BCS and self-esteem, self-esteem and depression tha female. On the other hand, female have high correlation between BET and self-esteem, BET and depression In short, both male and female have correlation between body image, self-esteem and depression. Especially, between self-esteem snd depression have high correlation. In body image, especially female have high correlation between BET and depression. Finally we found the fact that female is more sensitively react than male about appearance.

In Vitro/In Vivo Development after Thawing of Vitrified Mouse Blastocysts by Culture Condition and Embryo Transfer Method

김묘경,김은영,이봉경,윤산현,박세필,정길생,임진호,Kim, M.K.,Kim, E.Y.,Yi, B.K.,Yoon, S.H.,Park, S.P.,Chung, K.S.,Lim, J.H. The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 1997 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.24 No.3

본 실험은 초자화 동결된 생쥐 배반포기배의 융해 후 배양조건 및 이식방법이 난자의 생존에 미치는 효과를 조사하고자 실시하였다. 체외수정후, M16배양액에서 4일동안 배양하여 얻어진 생쥐 배반포기배는 EFS40 (40% ethylene glycol, 18% Ficoll, 0.5 M sucrose가 함유된 PBS)으로 초자화동결하였다. 실험 I에서는 융해 후 배양조건에 따른 난자들의 체외/체내 생존율을 조사하였다. 융해된 난자가 M16과 4 mg/ml 소혈청알부민과 20 가지 아미노산이 함유된 m-CR1 (2% BME 아미노산 용액, 1% MEM 아미노산 용액) 및 단층배양이 유도된 난구세포 (10% FBS가 함유된 m-CR1배양액)에서 각각 배양되었을 때, 융해 후 24시간째 체외 생존율은 배양조건에 따라 차이가 없었다(75.6, 83.1, 82.4%). 그러나 체내 발달율에 있어서 임신 15일째 생존 산자율은 39.0, 49.0, 38.1%로서 유사한 성적을 나타냈으나, 전체 착상율에 있어서는 m-CR1 (80.4%)에 배양되었을 때, M16 (51.2%), 난구세포와 공배양시 (57.1%)보다 유의하게 높은 생존율을 보였다(p<0.05). 실험 II에서는 수정란 이식 방법에 따른 체내 발달율을 조사하였다. 배반포기배를 융해 후 체외배양없이 곧바로 가임신 2, 3일째 대리모에 이식을 실시하였을 때, 가임신 2일째 대리모에서는 임신징후를 얻지 못하였고, 가임신 3일째 대리모에서는 50.0%의 착상율과 15.4%의 정상산자율을 얻었다. 그러나, 이러한 결과는 융해 후, 16시간 배양하여 가임신 3일째 대리모에 이식 (73.5, 57.1%)하는 경우보다 유의하게 낮은 결과였다(p<0.05). 실험 III에서는 초자화 동결된 배반포기배의 융해 후 배양시 발달이 늦어진 수정란의 이용효율을 극대화시키기 위해 융해한 4일째 초기, 5일째 초기, 5일째 팽창 배반포기배의 체외/체내 생존율을 조사하였다. 가장 높은 체외 생존율은 5일째 팽창 배반포기배 (78.3%)에서 얻었으나, 체내 발달율 (산자율, 착상율)에 있어서는 4일째 초기 배반포기배 (33.3, 66.7%)의 경우가, 5일째 팽창 배반포기배(29.0, 38.7%)의 경우보다 높았다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 배양조건과 수정란 이식방법에 따라 초자화 동결된 배아의 체외/체내 발달율을 높일 수 있으며, 발달이 늦은 배반포기배의 체내 발달율은 체외 배양시간이 길어질수록 낮아짐으로, 5일째 팽창 배반포기배보다 4일째 초기 배반포기배를 동결하는 것이 더 유용하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. This study was to test whether in vitro/in vivo survival of vitrified mouse blastocysts was influenced by culture conditions and ET method. Mouse blastocysts were obtained from in vitro fertilization and cultured for 4 days in M16 medium, and they were vitrified in EFS40 which contained 40% ethlyene glycol, 18% Ficoll and 0.5 mol sucrose in PBS. In experiment I, in vitro and in vivo survival rate of these embryos were evaluated in different culture condition after thawing. When thawed embryos were cultured in M16 medium as a control, m-CR1 medium contained 20 amino acids (2% BME amino acis and 1% MEM non-essential amino acids solution) and 4 mg/ml BSA and cumulus monolayer cell co-cultured condition in mCR1 medium (10% FBS), their in vitro survival at 24 hr after thawing was not affected by culture condition (75.6, 83.1, 82.4%). However, in vivo survival rates of implantation in m-CR1 medium (80.4%) were significantly higher than those of M16 medium (51.2%), co-culture (57.1%) condition, although there was no difference in live fetuses rates on day 15 gestation (39.0, 49.0, 38.1%). In experiment II, the in vivo development potential of embryos by ET methods was examined. When blastocysts were transferred to the day 2, 3 pseudopregnant recipient without culture soon after thawing, no pregnant recipient was obtained on the day 2 pseudopregnancy, and 50% of pregnancy rates and 15.4% of live fetus rates were obtained on the day 3 pseudopregnant recipients. These results were significantly lower than those of transferred group (day 3 pseudopregnant recipients) after culture for 16 hr post thawing (73.5, 57.1%) (p<0.05). In experiment III, to elevate usability of delayed embryos in vitro/in vivo survival of vitrified embryos (day 4 early, day 5 early and expanding blastocyst) were examined. in vivo survival rates (live fetus, total implantation) were higher in day 4 early blastocysts (33.3, 66.7%) than in day 5 expanding blastocysts (29.0, 38.7%), although the highest in vitro survival rates were obtained in the day 5 expanding brastocysts (78.3%). Therefore, these results suggest that the in vitro/in vivo survival rates of vitrified embryos could be improve by the culture condition and ET method and that the in vivo development rates of delayed embryos were decreased with longer culture duration in vitro. It means that more effective cryopreservation was obtained in day 4 early blastocysts than in day 5 expanding blastocysts.

Optoperforations of Retinal Blood Vessels in an Intact Porcine Eye by Using a Femtosecond Laser-assisted Microsurgery System

M. S. Sidhu,Suk-Yi Woo,Wan Kee Kim,Heung Soon Lee,J. S. Yahng,Kyu Jin Kim,Sae Chae Jeoung,Hyun Kyu Lee 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.58 No.6

Femtosecond (fs) laser microsurgery is a powerful method for its potential to treat various retinal diseases, as well as to study the sub-cellular functions, because of its capability to selectively ablate a specific target (in vitro and in vivo) with minimal damage to the surrounding tissues. Here, we develop an fs-laser based microsurgery system, along with ophthalmoscope-assisted dynamic optical imaging system, for retinopathy treatment. The system is equipped with a galvano-scanner and a real-time imaging system. The laser system used for the current study consists of a regenerative amplified Ti-sapphire (λ = 810 nm) laser, delivering a 150-fs pulse at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The illumination light from a white light-emitting diode (LED) was optically filtered to be maximally absorbed by blood, which allowed us to effectively differentiate the blood vessels from the retina surface. The estimated threshold fluences for inner limiting membrane (ILM) ablation and the primary blood vessel wall perforations within an intact porcine eye were found to be 2.6 ± 0.2 J/cm^2 and 5.0 ± 0.1 J/cm^2, respectively. The present work should be an important step in ongoing exploration of the use of femtosecond lasers for the purpose of treating retinal blood vessels.

Planck Cold Clumps in the <i>λ</i> Orionis Complex. II. Environmental Effects on Core Formation

Yi, Hee-Weon,Lee, Jeong-Eun,Liu, Tie,Kim, Kee-Tae,Choi, Minho,Eden, David,II, Neal J. Evans,Francesco, James Di,Fuller, Gary,Hirano, N.,Juvela, Mika,Kang, Sung-ju,Kim, Gwanjeong,M. Koch, Patrick,Lee, American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal, Supplement series Vol.236 No.2

<P>Based on the 850 mu m dust continuum data from SCUBA-2 at James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), we compare overall properties of Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCCs) in the lambda Orionis cloud to those of PGCCs in the Orion A and B clouds. The Orion A and B clouds are well-known active star-forming regions, while the A Orionis cloud has a different environment as a consequence of the interaction with a prominent OB association and a giant H-II region. PGCCs in the lambda Orionis cloud have higher dust temperatures (T-d = 16.13 +/- 0.15 K) and lower values of dust emissivity spectral index (beta = 1.65 +/- 0.02) than PGCCs in the Orion A (T-d = 13.79 +/- 0.21 K, beta = 2.07 +/- 0.03) and Orion B (T-d = 13.82 +/- 0.19 K, beta =1.96 +/- 0.02) clouds. We find 119 substructures within the 40 detected PGCCs and identify them as cores. Out of a total of 119 cores, 15 cores are discovered in the lambda Orionis cloud, while 74 and 30 cores are found in the Orion A and B clouds, respectively. The cores in the lambda Orionis cloud show much lower mean values of size R = 0.08 pc, column density N(H-2) (9.5 +/- 1.2) x 10(22)cm(-2) , number density n(H-2) - (2.9 +/- 0.4) x 10 5 CM -3 , and mass M-core = 1.0 +/- 0.3 M(circle dot)compared to the cores in the Orion A [R = 0.11 pc, N(H-2) = (2.3 +/- 0.3) x 10(23) cm(-2), n(H-2) = (3.8 +/- 0.5) x 10(5)cm(-3) , and M-core = 2.4 +/- 0.3 M-circle dot] and Orion B [R = 0.16 pc, N(H-2) (3.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(23) cm(-2), n(H-2) = (15.6 +/- 1.8) x 10(5) cm(-3) , and M-core = 2.7 +/- 0.3 M-circle dot] clouds. These core properties in the A Orionis cloud can be attributed to the photodissociation and external heating by the nearby H rr region, which may prevent the PGCCs from forming gravitationally bound structures and eventually disperse them. These results support the idea of negative stellar feedback on core formation.</P>

Pore formation in in situ processed MgB₂ superconductors

Yi, J.H.,Kim, K.T.,Jun, B.H.,Sohn, J.M.,Kim, B.G.,Joo, J.,Kim, C.J. North-Holland 2009 Physica. C, Superconductivity Vol.469 No.15

MgB<SUB>2</SUB> bulks were prepared by an in situ process which utilizes the reaction between boron and magnesium powder. The reaction time was fixed at 0.5h and the temperature was changed from 600<SUP>o</SUP>C to 1000<SUP>o</SUP>C. The density decrease due to pore formation and mass (mainly magnesium) loss during the formation reaction of MgB<SUB>2</SUB> was observed in all samples. In addition to the pore formation, a pellet expansion which can be explained by the outgrowth of MgB<SUB>2</SUB> grains was also observed. Two different mechanisms were adopted to explain the pore formation; Kirkendall pores formed at a temperature below the melting point (m.p.) of magnesium by a difference in the diffusivity between magnesium and boron, and the pores formed at a temperature above the m.p. by melting of magnesium and a capillary movement. The density, T<SUB>c</SUB> and J<SUB>c</SUB> results suggest that the current carrying capacity can be improved by a careful control of the process parameters regarding a pore evolution.

Linear correlation of aliphatic diamines to response factors by number of carbons in GC-MS

Yi, D.H.,Sathiyanarayanan, G.,Seo, H.M.,Lee, J.H.,Kim, H.J.,Kim, Y.G.,Jang, K.S.,Lee, Y.K.,Park, K.,Yang, Y.H. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.30 No.-

Diamines are widely used as building blocks for the chemical synthesis of bio-based polymers such as polyamides, polyimides, and polyurea. However, the detection and quantification of diamines are still being as difficult tasks due to their high toxicity and polarity and other hazardous standards are needed to obtain the calibration curve for the diamine quantification. Hence, we have established a simple method for the analysis of aliphatic diamines using GC-MS based on the linear correlations between carbon number, retention time and response factors of diamines. The aliphatic diamines were derivatized with ethylchloroformate (ECF) by applying total ion current (TIC) and single ion monitoring (SIM) at the m/z of 102. The linear correlation of the aliphatic diamines to the retention time (RT) (R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.9949) and response factor (RF) (R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.9538) was determined by using carbon numbers from C3 to C12, via experimentation. The finding of linear correlations between aliphatic diamines are more advantageous and requires less authentic samples of using or calibrating of each diamine sample of the quantification and identification. The established method was successfully employed on a bacterium Shewanella oneidensis which is known to produce potential precursors of the biopolymer synthesis and assessed by, based on the predicted retention time and response factor of 1,4-diaminobutane for the quantification of secreted putrescine and cadaverine. By applying one or two diamines, the retention time, peak area and response factors can easily be expected depending on the concentration and this approach could be applied for the quantification of aliphatic diamines in various industrial sectors.

Inactivation of bacteria and murine norovirus in untreated groundwater using a pilot-scale continuous-flow intense pulsed light (IPL) system

Yi, J.Y.,Lee, N.H.,Chung, M.S. Academic Press, etc 2016 FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -ZURICH- Vol.66 No.-

<P>The objective of this study was to characterize the inactivation effects of a pilot-scale continuous-flow intense pulsed light (IPL) system on microorganisms in untreated groundwater used in the food industry. The inactivation effects of laboratory- and pilot-scale IPL systems on murine norovirus (MNV), a human norovirus surrogate, were also investigated. Flow rates of 40, 32, 20 and 12 l/min were tested (corresponding to 89,113, 179, and 290 s of treatment time in a chamber, respectively). A 290-s pilot-scale IPL treatment at an energy dose of 14.02 J/cm(2) resulted in a 4.79-log reduction of Escherichia coli C600 in water with an initial count of 10(5)-10(6) CFU/ml, while a 270-s treatment at an energy dose of 13.05 J/cm(2) resulted in a 2.91-log inactivation of aerobic and facultative anaerobic heterotrophs in untreated groundwater with the initial count of 4.5 x 10(4) CFU/ml. An 89-s treatment at a dose of 4.30 J/cm(2) resulted in a 3.35-log inactivation of MNV in water with the initial count of 10(3)-10(4) PFU/ml. The energy dose and the inactivation level showed linearity for this system. These trends should form the basis of a large-scale IPL-based water management system with improved energy efficiency. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

본원 치과에 내원한 치성낭종(Odontogenic Cyst)환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

조민,이상은,류재준,김성문,임재석,김회종 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1990 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.12 No.2

Odontogenic cyst has been reviewed with a report on the 193 cases clinico-statistically. We found that cysts occur frequently at third decade male as 29% and second decade female as 30%. Maxilla is prevalent site as 74.6% than mandible. Uper incisiors and lower third molars are the most prebalant teeth. Swelling is the most frequent chief complaint. After enucleating, we grafted to the cystic cavities in 10 cases.

A five-year observation of atmospheric metals on Ulleung Island in the East/Japan Sea: Temporal variability and source identification

Kang, J.,Choi, M.S.,Yi, H.I.,Song, Y.H.,Lee, D.,Cho, J.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2011 Atmospheric environment Vol.45 No.25

We investigated seasonal characteristics (concentration, enrichment factors, and correlation coefficients) of chemical constituents, including sources for sea salt-corrected metals (Al, Fe, K, Ca, Mg, S, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn), in 334 aerosol samples collected during October 2003-October 2008 at Ulleung Island in the southern East/Japan Sea. High Al concentrations were found in spring (geometric means of 1.23 and 1.28 μg m<SUP>-3</SUP> in March and April, respectively) due to Asian dust (yellow sand) originating from northeastern China. The dust mineral transport by strong winds resulted in a change of metal composition showing soil-dominated condition. In the rainy period (June-September), the aerosol metal concentrations and composition were influenced largely by wet deposition and the summer monsoon, together with anthropogenic aerosol transport. The correlation coefficients in the summer period (July and August) showed a positive correlation of Al with K (r = 0.74) and As (r = 0.63), probably reflecting anthropogenic-originated Al coming from coal burning. In autumn (October and November) and winter (December and January), mixed sources of soil and anthropogenic-originated aerosols were pronounced by the development of northwesterly winds from the Asian continent. Especially, the soil-originated proportion was relatively higher in autumn than in winter when the anthropogenic-originated aerosols from heating fuels predominated. Anthropogenic As, Sn, Mo, Zn, Pb, and Cd between low- and high-dust periods that had similar air-mass movements in spring were at similar concentrations, but higher in the air masses including eastern China trajectories and/or slow movement at lower height during high-dust periods.