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Covariant representations on Krein C<sup>*</sup>-modules associated to pairs of two maps
Heo, J.,Ji, U.C.,Kim, Y.Y. Academic Press 2013 Journal of mathematical analysis and applications Vol.398 No.1
In this paper we construct a KSGNS type covariant representation on a Krein C<SUP>*</SUP>-module for a covariant α-completely positive map, and the result is applied to construct a KSGNS type covariant representation associated with a pair of two maps (ρ,Φ) where ρ is a covariant α-completely positive map on a C<SUP>*</SUP>-algebra and Φ is a covariant ρ-map on a Krein C<SUP>*</SUP>-module. The KSGNS type covariant representation for a pair (ρ,Φ) is applied to give a new covariant J-representation of a crossed product of a C<SUP>*</SUP>-algebra and a new covariant map of a crossed product of a Hilbert C<SUP>*</SUP>-module by a discrete group.
Heo, S.W.,Baek, K.H.,Lee, T.H.,Lee, J.Y.,Moon, D.K. Elsevier Science 2013 Organic electronics Vol.14 No.6
Inverted polymer solar cells were fabricated by adding the amphiphilic surfactant 'Surfynol 104 series' to Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a anode buffer layer by solution process. With the introduction of Surfynol 104 series-added PEDOT:PSS, it was able to form a homogeneous film by adjusting the wettability of a hydrophobic poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) film. With decrease in series resistance (R<SUB>S</SUB>) and increase in shunt resistance (R<SUB>SH</SUB>), as a result, the short circuit current density (J<SUB>SC</SUB>), open circuit voltage (V<SUB>OC</SUB>) and fill factor (FF) of the optimized device were 10.2mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, 0.63V and 61.3%, respectively, calculated the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 4.0%. In addition, the air stability of the fabricated device was improved.
20대 성인의 페이스북 이용행태에 따른 사회비교 경향성, 우울,자아존중감
김지원,남궁빈,안해정,권햇살,한예슬,허진성,김고은,김수진,김미혜,이수인 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2015 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.49
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the differences among social comparison orientation, depression, and self-esteem by patterns of using Facebook among Facebook users’ in their 20s. Methods: The participants in this descriptive study were 332 Facebook users in their 20s. Data collection took place between August 21 and 27, 2014. Questionnaires were the Iowa–Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (revised), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data were statistically analyzed using t-tests and ANOVAs. Result: Each mean score of social comparison, depression, and self-esteem was 26.04±6.82, 31.39±8.99 and 38.05±6.19. Significant differences emerged between the degree of social comparison and the following Facebook usage variables: average single-connection time to Facebook (F=3.570, p=.007) and self-evaluation of Facebook usage behavior (F=6.203, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that Facebook users in their 20s who access Facebook for long periods and assess themselves as using it more often had a high score of comparison orientation. This result can be used in Nursing by developing the theoretical basis for education and campaign related to Facebook usage. In-depth studies are needed for research on the effect social comparison has on Facebook users and relationships between social comparison and emotions.
α-completely positive maps of group systems and Krein module representations
Academic Press 2014 Journal of mathematical analysis and applications Vol.409 No.1
In this paper, we study (covariant) α-completely positive maps on group systems. We first introduce a notion of α-completely positive maps of groups into (locally) C<SUP>*</SUP>-algebras and show that bounded α-completely positive maps on discrete groups induce α-completely positive linear maps on group C<SUP>*</SUP>-algebras. We establish the (covariant) KSGNS type representation theorem for (covariant) α-completely positive maps of group systems into locally C<SUP>*</SUP>-algebras. These constructions provide a projective covariant J-representation of a group system into a locally C<SUP>*</SUP>-algebra.
Synthesis of triarylamine-based alternating copolymers for polymeric solar cell
Lee, J.,Cha, H.,Kong, H.,Seo, M.,Heo, J.,Jung, I.H.,Kim, J.,Shim, H.K.,Park, C.E.,Kim, S.Y. IPC Science and Technology Press 2014 Polymer Vol.55 No.19
Two donor-acceptor alternating copolymers based on electron-rich triarylamine, di(1-(6-(2-ethylhexyl))naphthyl)phenylamine (DNPA), and electron-deficient benzothiadiazole and benzoselenadiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized via Suzuki coupling reaction. The resulting triarylamine-based alternating copolymers PDNPADTBT and PDNPADTBS showed good solubility in common organic solvents and good thermal stability. The optical band gaps determined from the onset absorption were 1.93 and 1.81 eV, respectively. By introducing the naphthalene ring into the triarylamine, copolymers had relatively deep HOMO energy levels of -5.48 and -5.45 eV, which led to a high open circuit voltage (V<SUB>oc</SUB>) and good air stability for photovoltaic application. Bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated with a structure of ITO/PEDOT-PSS/copolymers-PC<SUB>70</SUB>BM/LiF/Al by blending the copolymer with PC<SUB>70</SUB>BM. Both blend systems showed remarkably high V<SUB>oc</SUB> near 0.9 V, and the highest performance of 2.2% was obtained from PDNPADTBT, with V<SUB>oc</SUB> = 0.88 V, J<SUB>sc</SUB> = 7.4 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and a fill factor of 34.4% under AM 1.5 G.
고관영,허주환,문정효,장재석,김동윤,정민섭,김주찬,박기용,이강연,조명우,이권진,조영호,이효걸,김주호,이경희 울산과학대학 2000 연구논문집 Vol.27 No.1
본 논문에서는 기존의 Motion-JPEG 기반 감시시스템에서 낮은 동영상 압축성능 문제를 해결하기 위한 새로운 동영상 압축기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법에서는 현재 프레임의 JPEG 데이터 중 변화된 압축 데이터만이 실시간으로 추출하고 저장된다. 제안된 방법에 의해 저장된 데이터는 기존의 JPEG과는 다른 고유의 포맷을 가지기 때문에, 동영상 데이터는 더욱 안전하게 유지될 수 있다. 실험을 통해, 제안된 동영상 압축기법의 압축률이 기존의 Motion-JPEG 기반 감시시스템에 비해 3배정도 높다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
김고은,김유은,김희진,조유진,안주영,허다연,홍서우,차지영,박송이 이화여자대학교 간호학회 2018 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.52
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand and explain the experiences of college life among junior nursing students who live apart from their families. Methods: 14 junior nursing students living apart from their families for at least one semester were recruited through snowballing and convenience sampling. Participants were interviewed individually using open ended questions. Data were collected from July to October in 2017 until data saturation. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by using hermeneutic phenomenological method proposed by van Manen. Results: Five essential theme clusters emerged: (1) faced with diverse problems while living apart from family, (2) depend on family when stressed, (3) adapt to college life by being independent and forming self-initiative lifestyle, (4) confront with difficulties once again when adapting to academic curriculum restructured by practicum, (5) pave the way to nursing career and feel proud of overcoming the difficulties independently. Conclusion: Although most participants faced diverse problems in college life, they tried to adapt independently by forming self-initiative lifestyle and overturn the difficulties to positive experiences. In conclusion, the process of living apart from families transformed participants into proactive individuals. Adopting counseling programs could support starting their junior years successfully.
대학생의 취침 전 스마트폰 사용과 수면의 질 간의 관계
김보민,김지은,김희진,문소연,문재민,송지원,양다경,이서연,정유담,허혜빈,배성희 이화여자대학교간호학회 2020 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.54
Purpose: This study's main objectives are to examine the relationship of smartphone use at bedtime and sleep quality among college students. Methods: A sample 189 Korean college students(20-26 years old( participated in a survey about smartphone use in bed time and sleep quality. Self-reported sleep quality, daytime fatigue and insomnia were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Korean version (PSQI-K). There are 3 sections of the questionnaire; 1) general information 2) sleep quality using PSQI-K 3) smartphone usage before bedtime. Data was analyzed using cross tabulation, one-way ANOVA, and independent T-Test. Results: 1. There was a difference whether they suffer from daily life due to the use of smartphones before bedtime between college student‘s sex and majors. 2. There was a difference in the main purpose of using smartphone before bedtime by age. 3. Respondents who used their smartphones before bedtime everyday showed prolonged sleep latency than those who used smartphones before bedtime less frequently. 4. There was no significant difference in the quality of sleep according to usage time and recognition on smartphone usage before bedtime and its disturbance of daily life. 5. The quality of sleep according to the purpose of smartphone usage before bedtime showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Based on the study results, there is the necessity of self-management among college students to enhance their sleep quality. Additionally, further research on the smartphone usage before bedtime is necessary due to the absence of the precedent studies and gender imbalance in the collected data.