17세기 전반 율곡학파예학(栗谷學派禮學)의 쟁점(爭點)과 경향(傾向)연구-『의례문해(疑禮問解)』,『의례문해속(疑禮問解續)』을 중심으로-

김현수 ( Hyunsoo Kim ) 한국철학사연구회 2014 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.41

본고의 목적은 『의례문해(疑禮問解)』·『의례문해속(疑禮問解續)』를 중심으로 17세기 전반의 율곡학파의 예학적 쟁점과 경향을 고찰하는 것이다. 『의례문해』는 사계 김장생과 문인들 사이에 이루어진 예문답서이며, 『의례문해속』은 신독재 김집과 문인들 사이에 주고받은 예문답서이다. 예문답서 혹은 예문답 서신은 구체적 상황에 대한 여러 의견이나 주장들을 확인하는데 유용한데, 특히 논란이 된 항목이나 주목할 만한 예문답을 통하여 당시의 예학흐름과 당사자들의 공통된 문제의식을 파악할 수 있다. 본고는 이러한 인식을 바탕으로 17세기 전반의 율곡학파의 예학적 특징을 드러내려 했다. 그 특징을 논하면 다음과 같다. 우선적으로 『주자가례』에 대한 체계적·심층적 접근이 이루어졌음을 지적하고 싶다. 즉 학문적 분석 및 고증적 측면이 강화된 측면을 엿볼 수 있는데, 가례도(家禮圖)에 대한 문답, 각종 의례절차 및 기물의 고증 등이 이를 방증한다. 더불어 고례(古禮) 및 주자(朱子), 정자(程子), 장자(張子)의 예설, 퇴계(退溪)·율곡(栗谷)·한강(寒岡) 등의 중국·한국 예설을 종합적 검토한다는 점도 이에 해당한다. 다음으로, ``종법(宗法)과 입후(立後)·봉사(奉祀), 기일(忌日), 반곡(反哭)과여묘제(廬墓制), 부재위모상(父在爲母喪), 개장(改葬), 기일(忌日), 묘제(墓祭)의 시기, 참신(參神)과 강신(降神) 순서 등 논란이 된 예문답을 통해 사계 김장생과 문인의 예설의 근거 및 공통된 예 인식에 살펴볼 수 있다. 우선 주자의 예설 및 「주자가례」에 근거하여 예를 규정하려는 경향이 강함을 엿볼수 있다. 이는 앞서 언급한 「주자가례」를 체계적·심층적 접근과 같은 궤를같이 한다. 그리고 율곡·구봉 등의 율곡학파의 예설을 비판적으로 계승하고, 예의 정신·원리를 강조하는 사유 속에서 인정(人情)을 근거로 시속(時俗)과의 절충을 도모하려는 특징들을 찾아볼 수 있다. This Paper is research for Yulgok School(栗谷學派)`s lixue(禮學) in the first half of 17c centering around Uiremunhae(疑禮問解) and Uiremunhaesuk(疑禮問解續). Uiremunhae and Uiremunhaesuk are a book between Kim Jangsaeng(金長生)·Kim Jip(金集) and his follower`s questions & answers about li. A book or letter of questions & answers about li is useful for comprehension of lixue`s opinion, especially questions & answers about controversial li shows their critical mind and a foundation of cognition for li. Thus I make showing then situation of Kim Jangsaeng and his follower in relates to understanding and performing Zhuxi`s family rituals on analyzing questions & answers about controversial li. Kim Jangsaeng·Kim Jip and his follower`s characteristic of lixue are several on analyzing Uiremunhae. First, Kim Jangsaeng and his follower researched for Zhuxi`s family rituals with systematic approach and in-depth research, and detailed in reference to the Classic of li, Zhuxi, Zheongyi(程이), Zangzai(張載)`s thoery of li and chinese lixue data, and Lee Hwang(李滉), Lee Yi(李珥), Song Yikpil(宋翼弼), Jeong Goo(鄭逑)`s thoery of li and korean lixue data. Next, on questions & answers about controversial li, Kim and his follower basically maintained following Zhuxi`s family rituals. Zonfa, sacrificial rituals and funeral rituals are all such that, and if there happened omission and contradiction in Zhuxi`s family rituals, they refered to Zhuxi`s theory of li on the collected works of Zhuxi and the analects of Zhuxi and searched righteous li by historial invesigation. Then, Kim and his follower critically were in succession to Lee Yi and Song Yikpil`s thoery of li. finally, They also had to considered then situation on li(Zhuxi`s family rituals` li and ancient li)`s operation and actualizatin on considering principle and mind of li.

Suggestions for the Role of AI in the Arms Control and Non-Proliferation of WMD

Hyunsoo Kim(Hyunsoo Kim) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the possible contribution of AI technology in the field of arms control and non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. This is to alleviate international security threats that have risen again since the post-Cold War and to promote international cooperation. For this purpose, we explore the potential of AI as a tool to provide trust-building and cooperation that is the basis of arms control. Method: This study first explores the basic concepts related to arms control and prevention of proliferation of military technology using the method of literature study. At this time, the scope of research is set as prior research related to AI and military technology. Next, using the method of research study, international issues related to arms control are investigated. In this case, the target of the investigation is the current status data reported through international organizations and press releases known through the media. Finally, using the methods of development research, we develop a model in which AI can intervene and play a role in arms control and preven-tion of proliferation. In this case, the model is designed to take into account the technical aspects of AI and the application of ethical content at the same time. Results: The use of AI in disarmament through bilateral and multilateral international cooperation is signifi-cant in that it explores the possibility of mutual cohesion between AI ethics and military ethics. Such AI can be utilized in the process of collecting and analyzing information provided in the form of big data at each stage of the trust-building model. And based on this, it is possible to secure the basis for policy decision-making in the process of making decisions related to arms control. Conclusion: In arms control and non-proliferation, AI functions as a tool to provide bilateral or multilateral trust and performs the following roles: First, information that is the basis for policy decision-making is collected and analyzed. Second, the basis for policy judgment is provided according to the analysis result of the collected and analyzed information. Third, it functions as a rational tool to justify decision-making and predict the future in the process of internal and external discussions that will continue in the future according to this judgment.

Pulse shape discrimination capability of metal-loaded organic liquid scintillators for a short-baseline reactor neutrino experiment

Kim, B R,Han, B Y,Jeon, E J,Joo, K K,Kang, Jeongsoo,Khan, N,Kim, H J,Kim, Hyunsoo,Kim, J Y,Siyeon, Kim,Kim, S C,Kim, Yeongduk,Ko, Y J,Lee, Jaison,Lee, Jeong-Yeon,Lee, J Y,Ma, K J,Park, Hyeonseo,Park, IOP Publishing 2015 Physica scripta Vol.90 No.5

Golden Hour Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Changing Pattern in South Korea

Hyunsoo Kim,김준태,Ji Sung Lee,Beom Joon Kim,Jong-Moo Park,Kyusik Kang,Soo Joo Lee,Jae Guk Kim,Jae-Kwan Cha,Dae-Hyun Kim,Tai Hwan Park,Sang-Soon Park,이경복,이준,Keun-Sik Hong,조용진,박홍균,이병철,유경호,오미선,Dong-Eog Kim 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.1

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α-Lipoic acid attenuates vascular calcification <i>via</i> reversal of mitochondrial function and restoration of Gas6/Axl/Akt survival pathway

Kim, Hyunsoo,Kim, Han-Jong,Lee, Kyunghee,Kim, Jin-Man,Kim, Hee Sun,Kim, Jae-Ryong,Ha, Chae-Myeong,Choi, Young-Keun,Lee, Sun Joo,Kim, Joon-Young,Harris, Robert A,Jeong, Daewon,Lee, In-Kyu Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Vol.16 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Vascular calcification is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and leads to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although several reports have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, little is known about the potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the process of vascular calcification. This study investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring antioxidant that improves mitochondrial function, on vascular calcification <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with inorganic phosphate (Pi) exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, the disruption of mitochondrial structural integrity and concurrently increased production of reactive oxygen species. These Pi-induced functional and structural mitochondrial defects were accompanied by mitochondria-dependent apoptotic events, including release of cytochrome <I>c</I> from the mitochondria into the cytosol, subsequent activation of caspase-9 and -3, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Intriguingly, ALA blocked the Pi-induced VSMC apoptosis and calcification by recovery of mitochondrial function and intracellular redox status. Moreover, ALA inhibited Pi-induced down-regulation of cell survival signals through the binding of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) to its cognate receptor Axl and subsequent Akt activation, resulting in increased survival and decreased apoptosis. Finally, ALA significantly ameliorated vitamin D<SUB>3</SUB>-induced aortic calcification and mitochondrial damage in mice. Collectively, the findings suggest ALA attenuates vascular calcification by inhibiting VSMC apoptosis through two distinct mechanisms; preservation of mitochondrial function <I>via</I> its antioxidant potential and restoration of the Gas6/Axl/Akt survival pathway.</P>

Friction and conductance imaging of sp2- and sp3-hybridized subdomains on single-layer graphene oxide

Lee, Hyunsoo,Son, Narae,Jeong, Hu Young,Kim, Tae Gun,Bang, Gyeong Sook,Kim, Jong Yun,Shim, Gi Woong,Goddeti, Kalyan C.,Kim, Jong Hun,Kim, Namdong,Shin, Hyun-Joon,Kim, Wondong,Kim, Sehun,Choi, Sung-Yoo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nanoscale Vol.8 No.7

<P>We investigated the subdomain structures of single-layer graphene oxide (GO) by characterizing local friction and conductance using conductive atomic force microscopy. Friction and conductance mapping showed that a single-layer GO flake has subdomains several tens to a few hundreds of nanometers in lateral size. The GO subdomains exhibited low friction (high conductance) in the sp(2)-rich phase and high friction (low conductance) in the sp(3)-rich phase. Current-voltage spectroscopy revealed that the local current flow in single-layer GO depends on the quantity of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and epoxy bridges within the 2-dimensional carbon layer. The presence of subdomains with different sp(2)/sp(3) carbon ratios on a GO flake was also confirmed by chemical mapping using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. These results suggest that spatial mapping of the friction and conductance can be used to rapidly identify the composition of heterogeneous single-layer GO at nanometer scale, which is essential for understanding charge transport in nanoelectronic devices.</P>

Clinical Implication and Risk Factors for Malignancy of Atypical Gastric Gland during Forceps Biopsy

( Min Seong Kim ),( Sang Gyun Kim ),( Hyunsoo Chung ),( Jung Kim ),( Hyoungju Hong ),( Hee Jong Lee ),( Hyun Ju Kim ),( Min A Kim ),( Woo Ho Kim ),( Hyun Chae Jung ) 대한간학회 2018 Gut and Liver Vol.12 No.5

Background/Aims: Although forceps biopsy is performed for suspicious gastric tumors during endoscopy, it is difficult to determine treatment strategies for atypical gastric glands due to uncertainty of the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical implications and risk factors for predicting malignancy in atypical gastric glands during forceps biopsy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 252 patients with a diagnosis of atypical gastric gland during forceps biopsy. Predictors of malignancy were analyzed using initial endoscopic findings and clinical data. Results: The final diagnosis for 252 consecutive patients was gastric cancer in 189 (75%), adenoma in 26 (10.3%), and gastritis in 37 (14.7%). In the multivariate analysis, lesion sizes of more than 10 mm (odds ratio [OR], 3.021; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.480 to 6.165; p=0.002), depressed morphology (OR, 3.181; 95% CI, 1.579 to 6.406, p=0.001), and surface nodularity (OR, 3.432; 95% CI, 1.667 to 7.064, p=0.001) were significant risk factors for malignancy. Conclusions: Further evaluation and treatment should be considered for atypical gastric gland during forceps biopsy if there is a largesized (>10 mm) lesion, depressed morphology, or surface nodularity. (Gut Liver 2018;12:523-529)

Electrical Characteristics of Pt Schottky Contacts Fabricated on Amorphous Gallium Indium Zinc Oxides

Kim, Hyunsoo,Kim, Seongjun,Kim, Kyoung-Kook,Lee, Sung-Nam,Ahn, Kwang-Soon IOP Publishing 2011 Japanese journal of applied physics Vol.50 No.r10

Biomarker Development for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry

Kim, Yikwon,Kang, MeeJoo,Han, Dohyun,Kim, Hyunsoo,Lee, KyoungBun,Kim, Sun-Whe,Kim, Yongkang,Park, Taesung,Jang, Jin-Young,Kim, Youngsoo American Chemical Society 2016 JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH Vol.15 No.1

<P>Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a common precursor of pancreatic cancer (PC). Much clinical attention has been directed toward IPMNs due to the increase in the prevalence of PC. The diagnosis of IPMN depends primarily on a radiological examination, but the diagnostic accuracy of this tool is not satisfactory, necessitating the development of accurate diagnostic biomarkers for IPMN to prevent PC. Recently, high-throughput targeted proteomic quantification methods have accelerated the discovery of biomarkers, rendering them powerful platforms for the evolution of IPMN diagnostic biomarkers. In this study, a robust multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) pipeline was applied to discovery and verify IPMN biomarker candidates in a large cohort of plasma samples. Through highly reproducible MRM assays and a stringent statistical analysis, 11 proteins were selected as IPMN marker candidates with high confidence in 184 plasma samples, comprising a training (n = 84) and test set (n = 100). To improve the discriminatory power, we constructed a six-protein panel by combining marker candidates. The multimarker panel had high discriminatory power in distinguishing between IPMN and controls, including other benign diseases. Consequently, the diagnostic accuracy of IPMN can be improved dramatically with this novel plasma-based panel in combination with a radiological examination.</P>

Selective inhibition of RANK blocks osteoclast maturation and function and prevents bone loss in mice

Kim, Hyunsoo,Choi, Han Kyoung,Shin, Ji Hye,Kim, Kyung Hee,Huh, Ji Young,Lee, Seung Ah,Ko, Chang-Yong,Kim, Han-Sung,Shin, Hong-In,Lee, Hwa Jeong,Jeong, Daewon,Kim, Nacksung,Choi, Yongwon,Lee, Soo Young American Society for Clinical Investigation 2009 The Journal of clinical investigation Vol.119 No.4

<P>Regulation of the formation and function of bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) is a key to understanding the pathogenesis of skeletal disorders. Gene-targeting studies have shown that the RANK signaling pathway plays a critical role in OC differentiation and function. Although pharmaceutical blockade of RANK may be a viable strategy for preventing bone destruction, RANK is implicated in multiple biological processes. Recently, a cytoplasmic motif of RANK was identified that may be specifically involved in OC differentiation. Here, we developed a cell-permeable inhibitor termed the RANK receptor inhibitor (RRI), which targets this motif. The RRI peptide blocked RANKL-induced OC formation from murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, RRI inhibited the resorptive function of OCs and induced OC apoptosis. Treatment with the peptide impaired downstream signaling of RANK linked to Vav3, Rac1, and Cdc42 and resulted in disruptions of the actin cytoskeleton in differentiated OCs. In addition, RRI blocked inflammation-induced bone destruction and protected against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. These data may be useful in the development of selective therapeutic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.</P>