Conversion of 6-gingerol to 6-shogaol in ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) pulp and peel during subcritical water extraction

Ko, Min-Jung,Nam, Hwa-Hyun,Chung, Myong-Soo Elsevier 2019 Food chemistry Vol.270 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Subcritical water extraction is an eco-friendly method for the extraction of less polar compounds without the use of organic solvents. This study determined the extraction conditions that maximize the contents of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol obtained from ginger pulp and peel. The highest yields of 6-gingerol (0.68 ± 0.08 mg/g), and 6-shogaol (0.39 ± 0.03 mg/g) were obtained from ginger pulp at the extraction conditions of 130 °C/25 min, and 190 °C/15 min. 6-Shogaol content increased with the increasing extraction temperature and extraction time due to the conversion of 6-gingerol to 6-shogaol by thermal cracking. The antioxidant activity of ginger extracts were increased depending on the increasing of 6-shogaol content.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Extraction of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol from ginger was conducted by using subcritical water. </LI> <LI> The contents of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol from the peel were smaller than pulp. </LI> <LI> 6-Gingerol can be converted to 6-shogaol via processes of subcritical water extraction. </LI> <LI> The antioxidant activity was increased depending on the 6-shogaol content. </LI> </UL> </P>

추출방법에 따른 감귤 과피 유래 Flavonoid의 추출효율 및 항산화 효과에 대한 비교

최찬익 ( Chan Ick Cheigh ),정원근 ( Won Guen Jung ),정은영 ( Eun Young Chung ),고민정 ( Min Jung Ko ),조상우 ( Sang Woo Cho ),이재환 ( Jae Hwan Lee ),장판식 ( Pahn Shick Chang ),박영서 ( Young Seo Park ),백현동 ( Hyun Dong Paik 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구에서는 감귤 과피 가공부산물로부터 기능성 polyphenol 및 flavonoid가 새로운 추출방법인 아임계 추출법을 통해 추출되었고, 열수(80oC), 에탄올, 설탕용액을 이용한 기존 추출법과의 추출효율이 비교 분석되었다. 건조된 감귤 과피로부터 총 polyphenol(27.25±1.33mg QE/g DCP) 및 flavonoid(7.31±0.41mg QE/g DCP)에 대한 최대수율이 아임계 추출법(190°C, 1300 psi, 10 min)을 통해 획득되었으며, 이것은 기존 추출법 가운데 가장 높은 수율을 보인 에탄올 추출법을 통한 총 polyphenol(3.79±0.73mg QE/g DCP) 및 flavonoid(0.86±0.27mg QE/g DCP) 수율 대비 7.2배와 8.5배 이상 더 높은 것이었다. 추출방법에 따른 감귤 과피 추출물의 항산화 활성은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 이러한 결과는 건조 감귤 과피 1g 당 아임계 추출법(190oC, 1300 psi, 10 min)에 의한 항산화 성분의 상대 수율(relative yield, %)이 다른 추출방법을 통해 획득된 것보다 대략 9.5배 이상 더 높다는 것을 설명하는 결과로, 아임계 추출법이 기존의 전통적 추출법에 비하여 감귤 과피의 기능성 polyphenol 및 flavonoid를 추출하는데 매우 적합한 방법임을 제시하고 있다. The extraction of polyphenol and flavonoid from citrus peel was performed by the ethanol, sugar, hot water (80oC), and subcritical water extraction methods. The maximum yields of total polyphenolic compounds (27.25±1.33mg QE/g DCP, QE and DCP indicate quercetin equivalent and dried citrus peel, respectively) and flavonoids (7.31±0.41mg QE/g DCP) were obtained by subcritical water extraction (SWE) with operating conditions of 190oC, 1300 psi, and 10 min. The yields by SWE were over 7.2-, and 8.5-fold higher than those of total polyphenols (3.79±0.73mg QE/g DCP) and flavonoids (0.86±0.27mg QE/g DCP) obtained using the ethanol extraction, which showed the highest extraction efficiency among tested conventional methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of extracts obtained by different methods showed no significant differences. However, the relative antioxidant yield per 1 g dried citrus peel by SWE (190oC, 10 min) was over 9.5-fold higher than that by the ethanol extraction.

Antioxidant Activity and Whitening Effect of Lindera erythrocarpa Extract

Min ?Chul Kang,Ryeo Kyeoung Ko,Ju-Yeop Lee,Haeng-Bum Kim,Bong-Seok Kim,Jong-Heon Han,Seong-Hyun An,Gi-Ok Kim 한국생물공학회 2008 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.10

일상생활에서 겪는 고등학생의 스트레스요인과 대처방식에 관한 연구

고희숙,민현숙,정영숙 충북대학교 교육·생활연구소 1999 생활과학연구논총 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the daily stressors of human relations, emotional lives, and economic lives which high school students go through and their coping strategies about these stressors, to provide the necessary materials and useful information for guiding students and educating their parents. The research questions of this study are: (1) the stressors of the male and female students in the general high school and their coping strategies, (2) the stressors of the high students according to the both sexes and their coping strategies, (3) the correlation between the stressors of high school students and their coping strategies. The subjects of this study consist of 320 students from a boys' high school and a girls' high school and 320 students from a coeducational high school. The test instruments used for this study can be divided into two categories; the test for measuring the stressors consisted of 75 items (7 subcategories) and the test for measuring the coping strategies consisted of 40 items. The data were analyzed by frequency distribution, percent, mean score, standard deviation, t-test, and simple correlation analysis. The main conclusions of this study were as follows: 1) When it comes to the stressors, students showed some differences depending on their sex. In terms of the relation between friends, male students have gone through more stresses than female students. 2) In terms of their coping strategies, male students from the boys' high school were shown to use more logical analysis strategies than those from the coeducational high school, male students from the coeducational high school usually used more receptive resignation strategies than those from the boys' high school, and also female students from the coeducational high school tended to employ more problem-solving and emotional discharge strategies than those from the girls' high schools. 3) The stressors vary depending on their sex. Male students have used more logical analysis, affirmative reevaluation, guide/support strategies, (which belong to the accessible coping strategies) and cognitive avoidance, emotional discharge strategies, (which are examples of avoidant coping strategies) than female students.4) As to the correlation between high school students' stressors and their coping strategies, it was shown that the correlation between stressors and logical analysis, affirmative reevaluation, and guide/support, problem-solving strategies (they all belong to accessible coping strategies) was higher than anything else.

마미증후군 환자의 요천추 신청근 손상 및 회복양상

손현주,김경민,한지의,장재혁,신용범,고현윤 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2007 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.21

Purpose: Numbers and severity of the injured segments and neurological recovery patterns are both vague and confused following cauda equina syndrome (CES). We evaluated the characteristics of CES according to the causes of the injuries resulting in CES. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-nine cases of CES diagnosed by clinical features and electrophysiological studies were recruited. We investigated segments or roots involved, muscle strength grades of key muscles, external anal sphincter tones, and changing patterns of theses findings. Their characteristics were compared according to the traumatic and non-traumatic lesions. Results: In traumatic lesions, lower segments, such as sacral roots, were involved more frequently and severely (p<O.OOl). In non-traumatic lesions, L5 and Sl roots were more injured and S2,3,4 roots were less injured (p<O.05). However, there was no significant difference of severity among the injured segments in non-traumatic disorders. There was no typical recovery pattern in both traumatic and non-traumatic cases. Conclusions: In traumatic CES, lower segments or roots were injured more prevalently and severely. Relatively, upper segments were more affected in non-traumatic CES.

평양 남정리 53호분 출토 토제칠기의 보존 및 제작기법 연구 : 토제칠이배, 토제칠반, 토제칠안

황현성,임수경,김희진,이태진,고민정,윤은영 국립중앙박물관 2013 고고학지 Vol.19 No.-

본고는 일제 강점기 조사 미등록 유물 정리사업의 일환으로 수행한 평양 남정리 53호분 출토 토제칠이배, 토제칠반, 토제칠안에 관한 연구이다. 남정리 출토 유물은 소지가 목심이 아닌 토제라는 것과 칠이배와 칠반을 얹은 칠안이 함께 출토되었다는 점에서 주목할 만하다. 토제칠이배 및 칠반 그리고 칠안의 보존처리를 통해 이들의 형태와 문양 등에 대해 알 수 있었다. 또한 칠기에 사용된 붉은색 안료의 성분을 분석하여 안료의 주성분이 진사(HgS)였음을 확인하였다. 이번 연구에서 기존에 잘 알려지지 않았던 한반도 내 위치한 낙랑의 토제칠기에 관해 살펴볼 수 있었으며 이러한 제작방법이 한나라 고유의 문화인지 아니면 재지세력이 한나라의 영향을 받아 현지화한 문화의 산물인지에 대해 생각해 볼 수 있는 기회라 생각된다. This research paper examines the lacquered pottery cup, plate and table unearthed from Tomb No. 53 at Namjeong-ri in Pyongyang, which were under conservation treatment as a part of the Project of Unregistered Artefacts Uncovered in the Japanese Colonial Era. It is very rare to have a lacquered pottery cup and plate, lying on a lacquered pottery table, as a set of grave goods. In particular, they are not wooden but pottery items. Through conservation treatment for lacquered pottery cup, plate and table, it was possible to find out their shapes and decoration patterns. The resulting analysis of the red pigment used indicates that cinnabar (HgS) is the main element. This research is significant because it examines lacquered pottery wares produced in Lelang, which has rarely been conducted. Further research will need to prove whether their production techniques were in the unique Chinese Han style or were produced by indigenous craftsmen who adopted the Chinese Han technique.

멀티플렉스 시설 고객연구

장경,고현민 대한설비관리학회 2004 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.9 No.2

This paper studied the relationship between customer intention and behavior in multiplex, and empirically compared four multiplexes with regard to customer behavior, where the four multiplexes were objects of our research. For our study a hypothesis were suggested about the relationship and tested. The number of subjects in this study was 346 persons stayed at four multiplexes, among which we obtained valid responses from 326 persons through questionnaire investigation. For the testing, used methods are Spearman's correlation, Mann-Whitney test, etc. Thus, we found statistically significant results. The relation between customer's intention and customer's real behavior is positive, where the behavior means that there has been real facts that he/she has revisited, informed by word of mouth, and stayed at multiplex in the past. Here only the relation was a little weak(p<0.1) between the revisit intention and facts that he/she has revisited in the past.

멀티플렉스 시설 서비스품질 연구

장경,고현민 대한설비관리학회 2004 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Lately, with Korean movie industry's development as well as people's more spare time, people's interest in multiplex grows higher. This paper is interested in relationships between service quality and customer's satisfaction in multiplex. The relationships are studied in the form of empirical hypothesis testing. The number of subjects in this study was 346 persons stayed at four multiplexes, among which we obtained valid responses from 326 persons through questionnaire investigation. Reliability was checked using Chronbach's alpha. For the hypothesis testing, used methods are Spearman's correlation, Mann-Whitney test, etc, and for statistical analysis, SPSS 10.1 software was used. Thus, we found statistically significant results : the relation between service quality and customer's satisfaction is positive, that is, the higher is customer's satisfactory evaluation in service quality which is measured by tangibleness, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, the higher is customer's satisfaction level. In addition, we evaluated service quality level of four multiplexes, then we could know which multiplex was better and which was worse. With the information given in this paper we can attain higher customer satisfaction and notice how to operate multiplex effectively regarding service quality.

Genomewide Expression Profile of Forsythia Suspensa on Lipopolysaccaride-induced Activation in Microglial Cells

Sohn, Sung-Hwa,Ko, Eun-Jung,Kim, Yang-Seok,Shin, Min-Kyu,Hong, Moo-Chang,Bae, Hyun-Su The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2008 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.4 No.2

Microglia, which is the primary immune effector cells in the central nervous system, constitutes the first line of defense against infection and injury in the brain. The goal of this study was to determine the protective (anti-inflammation) mechanisms of forsythia suspense (FS) on LPS-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells. The effects of FS on gene expression profiles in activated BV-2 microglial cells were evaluated using microarray analysis. BV-2 microglial cells were cultured in a 100mm dish $(1{\times}10^7/dish)$ for 24hr and then pretreated with $1{\mu}g/mL$ FS or left untreated for 30 min. Next, $1{\mu}g/mL$ LPS was added to the samples and the cells were reincubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, 1hr, and 3hr. The gene expression profiles of the BV-2 microglial cells varied depending on the FS. The oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that MAPK pathway-related genes such as Mitogen activated protein kinase 1 (Mapk1), RAS protein activator like 2 (Rasal2), and G-protein coupled receptor 12 (Gpr12) and nitric oxide biosynthesis-related genes such as nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein (Nos1ap), and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (Ddah1) were down regulated in FS-treated BV-2 microglial cells. FS can affect the MAPK pathway and nitric oxide biosynthesis in BV-2 microglial cells.

Micro-patterning of single-walled carbon nanotubes and its surface modification with gold nanoparticles for electrochemical paper-based non-enzymatic glucose sensor

Tran, Van-Khue,Ko, Euna,Geng, Yanfang,Kim, Min Ki,Jin, Ga Hyun,Son, Seong Eun,Hur, Won,Seong, Gi Hun Elsevier 2018 Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry Vol.826 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We developed a novel micro-patterning technique for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on nitrocellulose (NC) membranes and characterized the mechanical and electrical properties of the patterned SWCNTs. The SWCNT patterns were successfully fabricated on wax-printed NC membrane by a vacuum filtration method within 15 min. The well-deposited SWCNT layer on the NC membrane exhibited strong adhesion and high conductivity due to the interconnection of the SWCNT layer in the porous structure of the NC membrane. The distinguishable patterns were resolved down to approximately 100 μm. The patterned SWCNT had an average resistivity of less than 100 Ω/sq and showed excellent mechanical properties in repeated bending tests. The suitability of the patterned SWCNT electrodes for electronic devices was demonstrated successfully via a simple light emitting diode array. Moreover, for the application of the patterned SWCNT to electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs), the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were directly deposited on the SWCNT electrode for non-enzymatic glucose determination. The oxidation peak had a linear response with glucose concentration in the range between 0.5 and 10 mM. The ePADs exhibited a sensitivity of 240 μA/mM·cm<SUP>2</SUP> and a detection limit of 148 μM, which was derived from the electro-catalytic property of AuNPs toward glucose. Based on these results, we believe that the developed SWCNT patterning technique on paper substrates has great potential in ePADs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Micro-patterns of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were successfully fabricated on wax-printed papers. </LI> <LI> AuNPs were deposited on the SWCNT electrodes for the application to electrochemical paper-based analytical devices. </LI> <LI> The developed devices were applied successfully to non-enzymatic glucose determination. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>