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류재천,최윤정,김연정,김형태,방형애,송윤선 한국환경독성학회 1999 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.14 No.1
Recently, several new methods for the detection of genetic damages in vitro and in vivo based on molecular biological techniques were introduced according to the rapid progress in toxicology combined with cellular and molecular biology. Among these methods, mouse lymphoma thymidine kanase (tk) gene forward mutation assay, single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and transgenic animal and cell line model as a target gene of lac I (Big Blue) and lac Z (Muta Mouse) gene mutation are newly introduced based on molecular toxicological approaches. The mouse lymphoma tk^(+/-) gene assay (MOLY) using L5178Y tk+i- mouse lymphoma cell line is one of the mammalian forward mutation assays, and has many advantages and more sensitive than hprt assay. The target gene of MOLY is a heterozygous tk^(+/-) gene located in 11 chromosome, so it is able to detect the wide range of genetic changes like point mutation, deletion, rearrangement, and mitotic recombination within tk gene or deletion of entire chromosome 11. The comet assay is a rapid, simple, visual and sensitive technique for measuring and analysing DNA breakages in mammalian cells. Also, transgenic animal and cell line models, which have exogenous DNA incorporated into their genome, carry recoverable shuttle vector containing reporter genes to assess endogenous effects or alteration in specific genes related to disease process, are powerful tools to study the mechanism of mutation in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Also in vivo acridine orange supravital staining micronucleus assay by using mouse peripheral reticulocytes was introduced as an alternative of bone marrow micronucleus assay. In this respect, there was an International workshop on genotoxicity procedure (IWGTP) supported by OECD and EMS (Environmental Mutagen Society) at Washington D, C, in March 25-26, 1999. The objective of IWGTP is to harmonize the testing procedures internationally, and to extend to finalization of OECD guideline, and to the agreement of new guidelines under the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) for these methods mentioned above. Therefore, we introduce and review the principle, detailed procedure, and application of MOLY, comet assay, transgenic mutagenesis assay and supravital staining micronucleus assay.
Bang, Hyeong-Ae,Lee, Myeong-Jin,Kim, Young-Hwan,Lee, Won-Chang,Rhim, Kook-Hwan Korean Society of Environmental Health 2007 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.33 No.3
Pathogenic microbial foodborne disease outbreaks (PMFBDOs) have increased in many countries, the boom in food service establishment is not matched by effective food safety and control. In this study, we investigated the current state and the epidemic aspects of FBDOs in Korea and Japan. In Korea, the average prevalence rate of foodborne disease (FBD) was 15.0 per 100,000 population and cases per outbreak of FBD was 57.0. During the same period in Japan, the prevalence rate showed an average of 24.9, and the cases per outbreak were 16. When both prevalence rate and cases per outbreak were compared, the prevalence rate in Japan was much higher than that in Korea (p<0.01). However, average cases per outbreak of FBD in Japan were much lower than those in Korea (p<0.01). In Korea, outbreaks of FBDs were more common in spring (p<0.01), while in Japan, more frequent in summer and winter (p<0.01). Outbreaks of FBD occurred largely through restaurant and school foods (32.0% and 27.5%) in Korea. In Japan, the proportion of the outbreak cases in the restaurant and home were 23.7% and 12.1%, and cases of unknown causes of FBDs were 48.2%, respectively. Bacteria were the major causes of infection in both countries. The prevalence of PMFBDOs by Salmonella spp. Vibrio parahemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were much higher in Korea, while those by Camphylobacter spp. and SRSV were more common in Japan. The causes by virus were more frequent in Japan (13.7%) than in Korea (7.7%). The prevalence of FBDs in Korea and Japan showed characteristic differences, especially in the PMFBDOs due to such factors as geography, climate, culture, diet and food management.
한국인의 식품관련 위험인식 및 건강정보 문해력 조사연구
방형애 ( Hyeong Ae Bang ),전상일 ( Sang Il Jun ) 대한보건협회 2012 대한보건연구 Vol.38 No.2
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk perception and the health literacy of the public on the food-related materials and issues. Risk perception of the public was compared with that of experts. Methods: An online survey was conducted for 1,000 respondents from June, 8~15th in 2012. We took quota-sampling method for the representativeness in terms of age, gender and region. Data analyses were carried out using SPSS Windows V.17 programs. Results: Consumer groups were ranked in the first in terms of reliability as a food information provider by 43.6%. Respondents strongly expressed their requests of the government to be more strict in the regulatory roles and supervision of the food industry. The main routes of getting food-related information were internet services for the age group of 20`s and 30`s respectively by 39.3% and 41.6%. 37.6% of the male respondents answered they are actively sharing food information with others, in contrast of 60.0% in the female(p<0.001). The score of risk perception was significantly higher in the public than in the experts (p<0.01). Health literacy on the some food-related terminologies and units were low in the range of 6.3%~32.8%. Conclusion: Consumer groups were ranked in the first in terms of reliability as a food information provider and Respondents request the government`s roles in regulatory and supervision of the food industry. The main routes of getting food-related information were tv and radio, and the degrees of information sharing with others were active in the female respondents. The score of risk perception was higher in the public than in the experts. This perception gap implicated that risk communication was more necessary among various stakeholders.
방형애 ( Hyeong Ae Bang ),이준협 ( Jun Hyup Lee ),임국환 ( Kook Hwan Rhim ) 대한보건협회 2012 대한보건연구 Vol.38 No.2
Objectives: Body mass index (BMI) associated with anthropometric measures among adults in Korea and Japan, whose people have largely similar physical characteristics and lifestyles, were compared to study similarities and differences between the two countries, for obesity is related with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Methods: Representative samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 2009 in Korea and Japan were used, in which statistically significant data from several thousand men and women in both countries were present. General obesity criteria of BMI≥30㎏/㎡as well as BMI≥25㎏/㎡for Asians, suggested by WHO, were used. Results: Obesity rates using BMI≥25㎏/㎡for determining obesity were significantly higher generally for both men and women in Korea than those in Japan, with high confidence level(p<0.01). However, using BMI≥30㎏/ ㎡for determining obesity resulted in higher obesity rate for Japanese men. Conclusion: In light of Koreans` higher obesity rates compared with the Japanese counterpart, establishment of a system for continual monitoring and public awareness campaign, especially for women, by public health authorities are suggested for effective national health management to reduce obesity.
김종철(Jong-cheol Kim),김덕형(Deok-hyeong Kim),Ya-Lin Wu,방선애(Seon-ae Bang),권순각(Soon-kak Kwon) 한국멀티미디어학회 2010 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.1
일반적인 디펜스 게임은 플래시 게임이나 다른 게임의 미니게임 형식으로 나와 있는 경우가 대부분이다. 플래시 게임의 경우 온라인의 기능이 미약하며, 미니게임의 형식은 게임의 정해진 틀 안에서 제작되기 때문에 다양한 효과 또는 기능이 부족할 수 밖에 없다. 본 논문에서는 플래시 게임에서 부족한 온라인 기능을 여러 사용자들이 접속할 수 있는 서버를 제작하여 해결하고 다양한 효과와 기능을 구현하여 미니게임 형식의 단점을 보완하여 재미를 추구한다.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel 2-Oxo-pyrrolidinyl Oxazolidinones
Bhattarai, Deepak,Lee, Sun-Hee,Kim, Hyeong-Kyu,Kang, Soon-Bang,Pae, Ae-Nim,Kim, Eunice Eun-Kyeong,Oh, Taeg-Won,Cho, Sang-Nae,Keum, Gyo-Chang Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.4
Novel antibacterial oxazolidinones bearing pyrrolidinone ring system at the C-5 side chain were synthesized and their in vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated. Most of the synthesized oxazolidinones showed good antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested.