DESIGN OF A DISC-ON-DISC-TYPE CNC TRIBOMETER TARGETED AT DRY CLUTCH FRICTION PLATE WEAR CHARACTERIZATION

Matija Hoić,Mario Hrgetić,Nenad Kranjčević,Milan Kostelac,Joško Deur,Andreas Tissot 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.1

The paper presents design of a disc-on-disc-type CNC (Computer Numerical Control) tribometer aimed at experimental characterization of friction and wear behaviors of automotive dry clutches. The torque or ormal force, slip speed, friction interface temperature, and closing time are accurately controlled during tests by employing rotational- and vertical-axis servodrives and a water-cooling system built in both axes. A compact two-axial piezoelectric torque and force sensor is built in between the vertical-axis spindle and the pressure plate, in order to provide direct measurements of friction torque and normal force. The slip speed is sensed by using an encoder placed at the rotating table that carries the friction plate. The disc temperature is controlled by means of imposing a delay between two consecutive clutch closing cycles, variable cooling pump speed, and a valve that can bypass the coolant flow around the pressure plate. The torque control ystem is realized in a cascade structure including inner normal force and vertical axis speed controllers. The closing time is controlled by means of “electrical inertia” implemented through rotational-axis servomotor torque control. The tribometer performances are demonstrated through a study of dry clutch friction plate wear rate characterization.

複合運送書類의 受理條件에 관한 硏究

河會大 건국대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

As combined transport by container is abruptly developing, consistent transport which was extended from "port-to-port" in the past to "door-to-door" was generalized. Keep pace with this, New transport document covers the whole transport section is reguired. The Bill of lading in the past was made in reply to special demand of marine transport. But because the Bill of lading was in appropriate for combined transport- Land, Sea and Air combined Transport Document came out from need of business circle. Combined Transport Document issued by combined transport operator in order to provide the convenience and function of negotiable security to goods holder in transaction goods. But combined transport document which is used in practical business is different from each other in form and contents, and it has been many problem because of have not uniform international rule. Therefore I.C.C created the rule about Combined Transport Document in Uniform Custons and Practice for Documentary credit in 1974. And so, 1983 through the 4th Revision of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit it was approved value of Combined Transport Document in international business. This combined Transport Document has been increased utility transition everyday. The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the acceltable combined Transport Document and the unacceptable Combined Transport Document as a document of title and the acceptance of combined Transport Documents under Uniform Costoms and Practice for Documentary credit and Incoterms 1980. Practical business Non - negotiable transport documents like waybill, etc, are used and those documents make the delivery of goods possible if only the consignee written much similarity to through B/L that it can give rise to problem of receivable of bank when it is used. Under the Uniform Custons And Practice for Documentary Credit in 1983, Classification into the three type in the 1974 Uniform Customs And Practice for Documentary Credit, Marine B/L, Combined transport document and other shipping documents, is removed and divided into Transport document in general and Marine B/L. And it shows a acceptance of shipping document of bank specifically. Of Combined Transport Documents acceptance and appropriateness are examined in terms of Uniform Customs And Practice for Documentary Credit the acceptable combined Transport Document can be distinguished from the unacceptable combined Transport document. But, because among them it can be give rise to so much confusion that in the acceptances for the document stating double ends of Bill of Lading for Combined Transfort of Port-to-port shipment and the port-to-port transport document containing difference in its title and contents. It may take to pay attentions As mentioned above, I summerized and examined main contents of this thesis. Finally, here I presented the solution for several problem of receipt and circulation that came to from combined transport document in practical business. 1. Because there was striking difference between combined transport document and Through B/L in a concept the contraction partied should be neither provided combined transport document when they demented Through B/L nor should be opposite. 2. If there is no indication of loading on the deck in cerdit, but there is indication of loading on the deck, in combined transport Document, Article 28 of Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary credits which is stipulated not to be aceepted generally, ought to be amended to eliminate it in case of Full Container Vessel. 3. There are the following problems in acceptance of FIATA Combined Transport Document. They are the enterance qualification of FIATA, defect of rules which are sometimes allowed to accept FCT and FCR indistinctness of FIATA Combined Transport Document. These problems will be solved through bill drawers properly, exaltation of credit condition, complement of relative rules and making us distinguish FIATA combined Transport Document easily. 4. Negotiabilty problem of combined transport document including air transport which occurs in negotiable reconsideration. One key to the problen is to make new kind of combined transport document which can deal with all means of transport by land, Sea and Air. Another key is to acknowledge negotiability of Air waybill issued by air transport operator. 5. Since it is possible to swiftly deriver a great number of goods in modern transport system due to combined transport those goods arrive at the destination in advance. But when recepitors can't secure combined transport document they may not enjoy financial benefits to remove this advantage, computerizing the forms and contents of combined transport document might make faster a traditional transfer of combined transport document. Finally, it should be reconized that combined Transport bill of lading and combined transport document have the same concept which means they have different title but same effects. To correspond to the contents of combined transport legal system we should unify those title into one or combined transport document. Add so, as most of the other side stipatlation of present combined Transport document are adopted from "Hague Rule" or "TCM-Draft" those are legal system for transport operator. Thus based on UN Convention on International Multimodal Transport of goods for goods holder, a new kind of combined transport document should be made.

Thomas Hardy의 傳記에 나타난 OPEN QUESTION 硏究

金會珍 서울市立大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

After I studied Thomas Hardy from his character, domestic environment , education , vocational choice, love affair, marriage, and the like, it was given as a conclusion that his mental characteristics is 'Open Question.' Because of his mother's excessive affection, Hardy was frequently seized with a sort of shuddering to see that the outside world did not protect him. As the result, he rather wanted not to be a man but to remain a body. The lateness of development in virility also meant a tremendous lot to him because it was closely related to his wish of not becoming a fully grown man. It contained a sense of his fear of human absurdity, infinite time and vast space. His delayed virility and immaurity led him to remain a juvenile till twentyfive as he jokingly once side himself. According to his mentality, Hardy's feeling of lack of resolution may result from his delayed virility. He seemed to feel that when the actual world is disorderly, it rejects right judgement and decisions based on the judgement. The very lack of determination barred him from accomplishing his ultimate goals in the actual world. The moment anything is realized, his fear of incompletion leads him to be doubtful of its atainment. From this feeling of insecurity arose Hardy's denial of completion throughout life. With the sort of ambivalent approach to life, his mentality is charcterized by an open question. It may be said to be the basis of his "All romances end at marriage ", and "Love lives on propinquity, but dies of contact." In conclusion, Thomas Hardy has an open-ended type of mind in which he cannot come to a clear conclusion on anything. If his literature is the result of his ambivalent attitude towards life which is one of "Life offers -to deny", Hardy's literary ambivalence appears through the open question that exists in his subjective personality and in his skill of laying out the literary material.

구강작열감 증후군(BMS)의 문헌고찰과 증례보고

임희순 광주보건대학 2003 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an intraoral pain disorder that is uncompanied by clinical signs and characterized by a burning sensation or stinging of the mucosa, lips, and/or tongue, in the absence of visible mucosal lesion. There has been no established theories about the diagnosis and treatment. The burning mouth syndrome is troublesome condition for both the patients and the dentist. In my opinion, as it converts our society into being senile, because of increasement in quantity of BMS patients. The causes of BMS are multifactorical and remain poorly understood. For the BMS patients, before imperishable impair to the tooth (ex: Tooth Extraction, Endodontic treatment) after investigating feasible cause, execute medical care. This report describes six cases of burning mouth syndrome patients who high treatment response. The clinician must recognize that burning mouth syndrome is a mulifactorical disease process in which numerous possible etiologies must be eliminated before the proper treatment can initiated. The purpose of this article is to examine the clinical feature of BMS patients and to present a treatment protocol that can be helpful in clinical applications.

불어에서 동사의 보어 a`+N의 통사적 특성 : Maurice Gross의 'Me´thodes en syntaxe'중심으로 dans "Me´thodes en syntaxe" de Maurice Gross

정회기 조선대학교 외국문화연구소 1994 外國文化硏究 Vol.17 No.1

중국어문학연구자의 중국전문가로서의 사회적 역할 : 유관 저술의 현황과 문제를 중심으로

梁會錫 韓國中國語文學會 2003 中國文學 Vol.40 No.-

정신연습이 매트운동의 기능향상에 미치는 영향

정회경,박찬홍 公州大學校스포츠科學硏究所 1998 스포츠科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.12

In this study it was dealt how many effects mental practice made on improving a cartwheel skill in gymnastics. As an experiment, eighty students chosen at random from four classes of C high school were divided into four groups and the first group did physical practice, the second group did mental practice the third did mental and physical practice and the fourth did controlled practice twice a week for eight weeks. As a result of this study it was show that when preliminary test was given, there were not meaningful differences among these groups and after that I came to know that in a post-test physical and mental practice had an effect on developing the skill of gymnastics ( turning cartwheels with hands on the floor) and when especially physical and mental practice were carried out together, the effect was increased. This study shows that 1. mental practice has an effect on developing the skill in gymnastics (turning cartwheels with hands on the floor). 2. when physical practice and mental practice are carried out together, though there is not a meaningful difference, it is more effective than when only physical practice is given. 3. when physical practice and mental practice are carried out together, its effect is more increased than when only mental practice is given.

Thomas Hardy의 The Mayor of Casterbridge에 관한 연구

金會珍 서울市立大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

This paper is intended as an investigation of human ambivalence and Henchard's psychoanalysis, that is, his tragedy founded on the basis of ambivalence, and Hardy's view of fate. Thomas Hardy's tragic literature can accomodate a world of contrasting elements, It is the result of his attitude towards life which was one of "Life offers-to deny". Most of his works consist of the contrasting realities of tradition and modernism. His novels compared to the pastoral ones can be applicable to the former and his technique to the latter. The dual aspect of his novels can be replaced with realism and fantasy. They are found in the descriptions of Norcombe Hill in Far from the Madding Crowd, Egdon Heath in The Return of the Native and Casterbridge in The Mayor of Casterbridge. Hardy's view of fate can be taken as another example. We see that under the transition period between an old and new world his modernism is a reflection of his ambivalence. These two contrasting elements are presented as the main sources of his ambivalent literature. In The Mayor of Casterbridge Henchard's dual personality is revealed through his character and action, and the character and any given situation. To Henchard's tragedy Hardy applied Novalis' aphorism, "Character is Fate".

수종의 구강위생 방법에 따른 인공 초기 우식법랑질의 재석회화에 관한 비교 생체연구

정회민,김용기 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

With a view to evaluating the effect of topical fluoride application in vivo, enamel slabs taken from artificial carious lesion produced by Hydroxyethylcellulose system were mounted in acrylic mandibular removalbe appliances and worn by 4 male subjects for two weeks. Control subjects brushed 4 times a day with non-fluoridated dentifrice. Experimental subjects also brushed 4 times a day but wash MFP dentifrice(G2), plus 0.05% NaF mouthrinsing(G3) or with MFP dentifrice plus 0.05% NaF mouthrinsing. After performing different oral hygiene regimen, surface morphology and histological profile in depth along with Ca, P content in layers were studies using SEM, polarizing light microscope, EPMA, EDX and WDX. The results were as follows ; 1. Remineralized lesion in all groups showed smoother and less porous surface than original carious enamel lesion. 2. Under polarizing light microscope, artificial carious lesions showed typical subsurface demineralization; The lesion body showed positive birefringence, and the inner sound enamel and intact surface layer showed negative birefringence. When compared to the original lesions, remineralized artificial carious lesion showed decreased lesion depth with increased thickness of intact surface. This features were more distinct in the case of topical fluoride application groups(group 2, 3, 4). The body of remineralized lesion in group 1, 2 revealed continuous pattern, whereas group 3 and 4 showed interrupted charicter. 3. From Ca & P profile analyzed by WDX, maximum mineral loss of most lesions was shown to be detected at around the area of 80㎛ from surface roughly. The intergroup rank of remineralizing rate based on WDX data in descending order was group 4, 3, 2 and 1.

학급차원의 확장된 스킬스트리밍 교수가 정서·행동장애 위험 유아의 사회성 기술, 문제행동, 일반유아와의 상호작용에 미치는 영향

문회원,박지연 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2014 특수교육 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of class-wide implementation of enhanced skillstreaming on social skill, problem behaviors, and interactions with peers in young children at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. The participants of the study were 24 children at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders who were attending 4 daycare facilities located in Seoul, Incheon, and Chungnam. Because the enhanced skillstreaming was conducted in class-wide format, the teachers of the participants and their peers also participated in the intervention. It took about 7 months to conduct this experiment including intervention preparation, pretest, intervention, posttest. Using pretest-posttest control group design, two independent t-tests were used to see if there was any difference between two groups in the dependent variables. As a result, significant differences were found between groups in social skill, problem behavior, and interaction with peers. Finally, discussions of the results, limitations of the study, and implications for future studies were suggested. Key Words : Skillstreaming, Young Children at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorder, Social Skill, Problem Behaviors, Interaction. 본 연구에서는 확장된 스킬스트리밍(skillstreaming) 교수를 학급차원으로 적용하고, 이것이 각 학급에 통합된 정서·행동장애 위험 유아의 사회성 기술, 문제행동, 일반유아와의 상호작용에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울, 인천, 충남 지역에 위치한 4개 어린이집에 재원 중인 24명의 정서·행동장애 위험 유아로, 실험집단과 통제집단에 각각 12명씩을 배치하였다. 실험은 중재 준비, 사전검사, 중재, 사후검사의 순으로 7개월에 걸쳐 진행되었으며, 실험집단 유아가 속한 학급에는 스킬스트리밍 교수의 4가지 전략단계 및 9가지 실행단계를 충실하게 적용하는 동시에 연구자가 개발한 토막만화형식의 상황이야기 적용, 대집단과 소집단, 다시 대집단으로 이루어진 확장된 스킬스트리밍 교수가 제공되었다. 중재의 효과를 알아보기 위해 한국 유아 사회성 기술 검사, 유아행동 평가 척도, 또래 놀이행동 척도를 이용한 중재 전과 중재 후의 측정 결과에 대해 두 독립표본 t 검정을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 모든 종속변인에서 실험집단의 변화정도가 통제집단의 변화정도보다 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 연구결과에 대한 논의, 연구의 제한점, 후속연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.