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하회대 건국대학교 1991 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.34 No.-
Korean economy has achived a rapid growth with Export Driving policy during the last no years. But the oil shock in 1970s brought about a recessions of the world economy, and many countries initiated new policys to promote export and restrict imports. Such changes in trade environment have caused great difficulties in promoting exports and this has gradually slowed down the increase of Koreans exports Since 1989s The purpose of this study is to analyze the export competi-tiveness of Korean industries and to present the measure to increase the export competitiveness in Korean industries Through this analysis, the prospects of export competitiveness in Korean industries are discussed, and the measure to increase the export competitiveness in Korean industries is presented. In the second section of the study, we recently analyses the factor of export inactivity and the weekness of export competitiveness in Korean industries In the third section, we analyses the export compeptitiveness of Korean industries, in this section, We analyses the actual conditions of industrial classification and compare the export competitiveness in Korean industries to Korean main competitive Country. In the fourth section, we discuss the prospect of export competitiveness in Korean Industries, finally present the measures to increase the export competitiveness in Korean industries
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河會大 건국대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.31 No.1
As combined transport by container is abruptly developing, consistent transport which was extended from "port-to-port" in the past to "door-to-door" was generalized. Keep pace with this, New transport document covers the whole transport section is reguired. The Bill of lading in the past was made in reply to special demand of marine transport. But because the Bill of lading was in appropriate for combined transport- Land, Sea and Air combined Transport Document came out from need of business circle. Combined Transport Document issued by combined transport operator in order to provide the convenience and function of negotiable security to goods holder in transaction goods. But combined transport document which is used in practical business is different from each other in form and contents, and it has been many problem because of have not uniform international rule. Therefore I.C.C created the rule about Combined Transport Document in Uniform Custons and Practice for Documentary credit in 1974. And so, 1983 through the 4th Revision of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit it was approved value of Combined Transport Document in international business. This combined Transport Document has been increased utility transition everyday. The main purpose of this thesis is to examine the acceltable combined Transport Document and the unacceptable Combined Transport Document as a document of title and the acceptance of combined Transport Documents under Uniform Costoms and Practice for Documentary credit and Incoterms 1980. Practical business Non - negotiable transport documents like waybill, etc, are used and those documents make the delivery of goods possible if only the consignee written much similarity to through B/L that it can give rise to problem of receivable of bank when it is used. Under the Uniform Custons And Practice for Documentary Credit in 1983, Classification into the three type in the 1974 Uniform Customs And Practice for Documentary Credit, Marine B/L, Combined transport document and other shipping documents, is removed and divided into Transport document in general and Marine B/L. And it shows a acceptance of shipping document of bank specifically. Of Combined Transport Documents acceptance and appropriateness are examined in terms of Uniform Customs And Practice for Documentary Credit the acceptable combined Transport Document can be distinguished from the unacceptable combined Transport document. But, because among them it can be give rise to so much confusion that in the acceptances for the document stating double ends of Bill of Lading for Combined Transfort of Port-to-port shipment and the port-to-port transport document containing difference in its title and contents. It may take to pay attentions As mentioned above, I summerized and examined main contents of this thesis. Finally, here I presented the solution for several problem of receipt and circulation that came to from combined transport document in practical business. 1. Because there was striking difference between combined transport document and Through B/L in a concept the contraction partied should be neither provided combined transport document when they demented Through B/L nor should be opposite. 2. If there is no indication of loading on the deck in cerdit, but there is indication of loading on the deck, in combined transport Document, Article 28 of Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary credits which is stipulated not to be aceepted generally, ought to be amended to eliminate it in case of Full Container Vessel. 3. There are the following problems in acceptance of FIATA Combined Transport Document. They are the enterance qualification of FIATA, defect of rules which are sometimes allowed to accept FCT and FCR indistinctness of FIATA Combined Transport Document. These problems will be solved through bill drawers properly, exaltation of credit condition, complement of relative rules and making us distinguish FIATA combined Transport Document easily. 4. Negotiabilty problem of combined transport document including air transport which occurs in negotiable reconsideration. One key to the problen is to make new kind of combined transport document which can deal with all means of transport by land, Sea and Air. Another key is to acknowledge negotiability of Air waybill issued by air transport operator. 5. Since it is possible to swiftly deriver a great number of goods in modern transport system due to combined transport those goods arrive at the destination in advance. But when recepitors can't secure combined transport document they may not enjoy financial benefits to remove this advantage, computerizing the forms and contents of combined transport document might make faster a traditional transfer of combined transport document. Finally, it should be reconized that combined Transport bill of lading and combined transport document have the same concept which means they have different title but same effects. To correspond to the contents of combined transport legal system we should unify those title into one or combined transport document. Add so, as most of the other side stipatlation of present combined Transport document are adopted from "Hague Rule" or "TCM-Draft" those are legal system for transport operator. Thus based on UN Convention on International Multimodal Transport of goods for goods holder, a new kind of combined transport document should be made.
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