http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Postal Addresses As An Assay of Cultural Cognition
Hiroko Nakamura,Hiroshi Yama,Gary L. Brase,Nasriah Zakaria,Yoshiko Arai,Norhayati Zakaria,Shafiz A. Mohd Yusof,Jun Kawaguchi 대한사고개발학회 2014 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.24 No.2
The present study investigate/d cultural differences in semantic processing, using a city-to-state and state-to-city priming task, in Japan, Malaysia and the United States. Prior research suggests that Easterners tend to engage in context-dependent cognition whereas Westerners tend to engage in context-independent cognition (Nisbett et al., 2001). According to this view, Japanese and Malaysians should show a greater facilitation effect when state name (context) is presented before city name (object) and/or should be more strongly affected by the prime as a contextual cue. However, if domain-specific knowledge about postal addressing order affects semantic priming, both Malaysians and Americans (who share a city-to-state postal address style) should show greater facilitation from city-to-state priming. The results showed cultural differences in the long SOA (700ms) priming task: Americans and Japanese showed significant differences between congruent pairs (e.g., Texas-Dallas) and incongruent pairs (e.g., Texas-Chicago), both in state- to-city and city-to-state priming, whereas Malaysian didn’t show such differences in state-to-city priming. On the other hand, in the short SOA (200ms) priming task, there were no differences between Easterners and Westerners in amount of priming. These results imply that when the priming order didn’t fit the domain-specific knowledge about addressing order, but was consistent with the culturally engaged cognitive tendency, this domain-general cognitive tendency facilitated the target processing via conscious use of strategies.
Ken Hoshikawa,Ikuo Nakamura,Satoshi Endo,Shingo Mizuniwa,So Makabe,Hiroko Takahashi 한국식물생명공학회 2012 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.6 No.3
Genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins,such as degrading enzymes of fungal cell wall polysaccharides,have been used to confer enhanced resistance to fungal pathogens of various plants. A new type of endo-bmannanase gene, amn5A, was isolated from alkaliphilic Bacillus strain (JAMB-602) found in deep-sea sediment. The AMN5A mannanase is active over a wide pH range (pH 7–10) and stable at high temperature. In this study,transgenic tobacco plants expressing the amn5A gene were generated using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that the amn5A gene was integrated into the genome of transgenic tobacco plants. Southern blot analysis showed that transgenic plants contained 1–6 copies of amn5A transgenes in their genome. Expression of the amn5A transgene was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Leaf extracts from the transgenic plants showed degradation activity of Konjak mannan. Antifungal assay of detached leaves and in vitro whole plantlets indicated that transgenic plants expressing amn5A gene acquired enhanced resistance to the soil-borne pathogenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum,compared to untransformed control plants.
Tomoko Ogawa,Noriko Hanamura,Masako Yamashita,Hiroko Kimura,Minori Ito,Takashi Nakamura,Yumi Kashikura,Yuki Nohara,Aya Noro 한국유방암학회 2012 Journal of breast cancer Vol.15 No.4
We introduce a method combining two oncoplastic techniques for breast-conserving reconstruction. The procedure is as follows: first, an extended glandular flap is made by undermining the breast from both the skin and the pectoralis fascia to the upper edge of the breast at the subclavicular area. After modeling the breast mound with the extended glandular flap, an inframammary adipofascial flap is made. The flap is reflected back to the breast area remodeled using the extended glandular flap. After reshaping the breast, the inframammary line is then re-shaped. This method is indicated for patients with breast cancer in the outer portion of the breast, who have small dense breasts, and have undergone a large excision of about 40% of their breast volume. We treated four patients, all of whom had either excellent or good cosmetic results with no fat necrosis.
Aikou Okamoto,Eiji Kondo,Toshiaki Nakamura,Satoshi Yanagida,Junzo Hamanishi,Kenichi Harano,Kosei Hasegawa,Takeshi Hirasawa,Kensuke Hori,Shinichi Komiyama,Motoki Matsuura,Hidekatsu Nakai,Hiroko Nakamur 대한부인종양학회 2021 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.32 No.2
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of niraparib in Japanese women with heavilypretreated ovarian cancer. Methods: This Phase 2 open-label, single-arm study enrolled Japanese women withhomologous recombination deficiency-positive relapsed, high-grade serous ovarian,fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who had completed 3–4 lines of therapy. The starting dose of niraparib was 300 mg administered once daily in continuous 28-daycycles until objective progressive disease, unacceptable toxicity, consent withdrawal ordiscontinuation. The primary endpoint, objective response rate (ORR), was assessed bythe investigator using RECIST version 1.1. Safety evaluations included the incidence oftreatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), including serious TEAEs. Results: Twenty women were enrolled and the confirmed ORR in the full analysis set (FAS)was 35.0% (7/20), consisting of 1 complete response and 6 partial responses. Diseasecontrol rate in the FAS was 90.0%. The most frequently reported TEAEs (>50%) wereanemia, nausea, and platelet count decreased. One patient (5.0%) had TEAEs leadingto discontinuation of niraparib whereas reductions or interruptions were reported in 14(70.0%) and 15 (75.0%) patients, respectively. The median dose intensity (202.9 mg daily)corresponded to a relative dose intensity of 67.6%. Conclusion: Efficacy and safety of niraparib in heavily pretreated Japanese women wascomparable to that seen in an equivalent population of non-Japanese women. No new safetysignals were identified.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03759600
Yuki Nohara,Noriko Hanamura,Hisamitsu Zaha,Hiroko Kimura,Yumi Kashikura,Takashi Nakamura,Aya Noro,Nao Imai,Mai Shibusawa,Tomoko Ogawa 한국유방암학회 2015 Journal of breast cancer Vol.18 No.1
Purpose: Although various strategies have been reported, thereare no defined criteria for cosmetic evaluation methods afterbreast-conserving surgery (BCS). Since Asians tend to havesmaller breasts, indistinct inframammary folds, and conspicuousscars, differences in the cosmetic results are expected. So weexamined two subjective methods and one objective method todetermine the differences, and elements necessary for a cosmeticevaluation after BCS. Methods: Frontal photographs of 190Japanese were evaluated using the Harris scale (Harris) and theevaluation method proposed by the Japanese Breast Cancer SocietySawai group (Sawai group) as the subjective methods, andthe Breast Cancer Conservation Treatment cosmetic results(BCCT.core) as the objective method, respectively. In order to examinethe necessary elements for developing a new ideal method,100 out of 190 were selected and assessed separately by sixraters using both the Harris and modified Sawai group methodsin the observer assessment. The correlation between the twomethods was examined using the Spearman rank-correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the BCCT.core and the other twomethods were clearly different. In the observer assessment, theconsensuses of the six raters were evaluated as follows: 27, 27,26, and 20 cases were evaluated as “excellent,” “good,” “fair,”and “poor,” respectively. For the Spearman rank-correlation coefficient,values higher than 0.7 indicated a strong correlation, asseen by the values of 0.909 for the breast shape and 0.345 forthe scar. The breast shape accounted for the most significantpart of the evaluation, and the scar had very little correlation. Conclusion:In this study, we recognized a clear difference betweenthe subjective and objective evaluation methods, and identifiedthe necessary elements for cosmetic evaluation. We would like tocontinue developing an ideal cosmetic evaluation that is similar tosubjective one and is independent from raters.
Regulation of Cartilage Development and Diseases by Transcription Factors
Riko Nishimura,Kenji Hata,Yoshifumi Takahata,Tomohiko Murakami,Eriko Nakamura,Hiroko Yagi 대한골대사학회 2017 대한골대사학회지 Vol.24 No.3
Genetic studies and molecular cloning approaches have been successfully used to identify several transcription factors that regulate the numerous stages of cartilage development. Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (Sox9) is an essential transcription factor for the initial stage of cartilage development. Sox5 and Sox6 play an important role in the chondrogenic action of Sox9, presumably by defining its cartilage specificity. Several transcription factors have been identified as transcriptional partners for Sox9 during cartilage development. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Runx3 are necessary for hypertrophy of chondrocytes. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) function as co-activators for Runx2 during hypertrophy of chondrocytes. In addition, myocyte-enhancer factor 2C (Mef2C) is required for initiation of chondrocyte hypertrophy, presumably by functioning upstream of Runx2. Importantly, the pathogenic roles of several transcription factors in osteoarthritis have been demonstrated based on the similarity of pathological phenomena seen in osteoarthritis with chondrocyte hypertrophy. We discuss the importance of investigating cellular and molecular properties of articular chondrocytes and degradation mechanisms in osteoarthritis, one of the most common cartilage diseases.
Tomoko Ogawa,Noriko Hanamura,Masako Yamashita,Minori Ito,Hiroko Kimura,Takashi Nakamura,Yumi Kashikura,Yuki Nohara,Aya Noro 한국유방암학회 2013 Journal of breast cancer Vol.16 No.2
An abdominal advancement flap (AAF) is a flap that pulls the elevated abdominal skin up and creates the shape of the inferior portion of the breast by making a neo-inframammary fold. Seven patients underwent remodeling using an AAF or a method combining an AAF with other volume displacement techniques after partial mastectomy. The excision volume ranged from 15% to 35%. AAF with only mobilization of the gland flaps was performed in two cases, with lateral mammoplasty in one case, with the round block technique (RBT) in one case, with a modified RBT in one case, and with medial mammoplasty in two cases. Although one patient treated with a RBT had a partial blood-flow insufficiency of the nipple-areola complex, it improved with conservative treatment. The cosmetic results were found to be excellent in three cases, good in three, and fair in one case.