반복적 부동화 스트레스가 신경활성 Steroid의 GABAА 수용체 조절작용에 미치는 영향

강헌구,강병조,하정희 대한생물치료정신의학회 1999 생물치료정신의학 Vol.5 No.2

신경활성 steroid들은 중추신경계의 말초성 benzodiazepine 수용체에서 합성되고, GABAA 수용체 복합체상의 독립적인 인지부위에 작용하여, GABAA 수용체에 대하여 효현활성을 나타내며, 스트레스에 대응하여 유리되는 내인성 조절자로 시사되고 있다. 그러나 신경활성 steroid의 신경전달조절 활성을 스트레스에 대한 반응도(reactivity)와 연관시켜 연구한 것은 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Sprague-Dawley rat에 2주간의 반복적인 부동화 스트레스를 부하한 후 반복적 스트레스에 의한 신경활성 steroid 활성의 변화를 검색하고자 하였다. 그리고 스트레스에 대하여 과도한 반응성을 보일 것으로 보고된 borderline-hypertensive rat을 대상으로 신경활성 steroid의 억제성 신경전달계인 GABA성 신경전달 조절활성을 비교 관찰함으로써, 반복적 부동화 스트레스에 대한 실험동물의 반응성에 대한 연구의 일환으로 신경활성 steroid의 신경조절작용을 검색하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 Sprague- Dawley rat의 대뇌피질세포막에 있는 GABAA-benzodiazepine 수용체 복합체에서 대하여 신경활성 steroid인 pregnanolone의 [³H]flunitrazepam 결합반응을 항진효과를 비교, 검색하였다. 본 실험결과, Sprague-Dawley rat의 대뇌피질세포막에 있는 GABAA-benzodiazepine 수용체 복합체에서 신경활성 steroid인 pregnanolone은 [³H]flunitrazepam 결합반응을 항진시킴으로써 GABAA 수용체에 대하여 효현 활성을 나타내었으며, 2주간의 반복적인 부동화 스트레스에 의해 이러한 pregnanolone의 활성은 증강되었다. 한편, 스트레스에 대하여 과도한 반응성을 보인다고 알려진 borderline-hypertensive rat의 뇌조직에서도 Sprague-Dawley rat에 비하여 항진된 GABA성 신경조절활성이 관찰되었으며, 스트레스 부하에 대해서도 유사한 반응성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 반복적인 부동화 스트레스는 스트레스에 대한 반응성의 일환으로 신경활성 steroid인 pregnanolone의 GABA성 신경전달 항진작용을 증강시킨다고 생각되었으며, 스트레스 유발 고혈압의 질환모델로 보고된 BHR에서는 동일한 스트레스에 대하여 과도한 반응성을 나타냄으로써 스트레스 관련 말초질환에서의 중추성 병인인자의 참여 가능성을 시사해주었다. Pregnanolone[5β-pregnan-3α-ol-one(pregnanolone)] is one of neuroactive steroids that are reduced metabolites of progesterone. Pregnanolone synthesis in the neuron or glia was regulated by peripheral benzodiazepine receptor agonist, which was consistently observed to be upregulated in the acutely stressed animals and humans. Pregnanolone is a potent positive modulator of the γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) response that enhance the binding of [³H] flunitrazepam to the GABAA receptor. Recently, it was reported that chronic treatment with pregnanolone uncouples allosteric interactions between steroid and benzodiazepine recognition sites in cultured neurons. The present study was designed to assess the effect of repeated stress on the modulation of neuroactive steroid on the GABAA receptor. The effect of steroid on the ligands binding to GABAA receptor was investigated using cerebral cortices of unstressed and repeatedly immobilized Sprague-Dawley rats and borderline-hypertensive rats. Pregnanolone enhanced the binding of [³H]flunitrazepam to GABAA receptor in both of unstressed and repeatedly stressed Sprague-Dawley rats. However, repeatedly stressed rats showed significantly lower values in EC50 and higher values in Emax of enhancement binding of [³H] flunitrazepam than those of unstressed rats. Borderline-hypertensive rats, which are known to be overreactive to stress, showed higher basal binding of [³H]flunitrazepam to GABAA receptor, similar to those of stressed Sprague-Dawley rats. Borderline-hypertensive rats, in both control and stressed groups, showed similar pharmacological activity of pregnanolone with Sprague-Dawley rats. From these findings, it can be concluded that repeated immobilization stress enhanced the positive modulation of neuroactive steroid on the GABAA-receptor complex, and these pharmacological activity of neuroactive steroid might be a defensive reactivity to stress of individuals.

가족력이 있는 만성정신분열증 환자의 인간조직적합성 항원(HLA)

강헌구,강병조 大韓神經精神醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.6

The authors studied the frequencies of HLA antigens (A,B,C and DR) in 20 chronic schizophrenic patients who had one or more schizophrenic patient(s) among their first degree relatives. The data of these study subjects were compared with those of patient controls and normal controls. The patient controls were composed of 20 chronic schizophrenic patients who had no family history of schizophrenia HLA-A, B, C antigens of normal controls came from 196 healthy Korean volunteers and HLA-DR antigens came from 205 healthy Korean volunteers. The diagnoses of schizophrenics were made according to RDC and Family History-RDC. The results were as follows: 1) The frequencies of B??,B??,DR₃and DR?? antigens were significantly higher in total schizophrnic patients than the control group. 2) The frequencies of A₃,A?? and B??, DR?? antigens were higher in schizophrenic patients with family history than the control group. Especially, the frequency of DR antigen was the highest. 3) The frequencies of B??,C??,DR₂,and DR?? antigens increased significantly in schizophrenic patients without family history. 4) DR?? is the only antigen that showed significantly higher frequency in patients with family history than those without one. 5) Consequently, these results suggest that DR?? locus is probably related to genetic or biological marker of Korean familial chronic schizophrenics

Flutamide가 수컷 생쥐의 유해감각예민도에 미치는 영향

장세헌,김명정,박제민,양구범,한병득 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

Objectives : Previous findings on nociception modulatory effect of testosterone were controversial. In this study, androgen receptor antagonist flutamide was used to reveal testosterone effect on baseline nociceptive sensitivity and stress-induced antinociception in male mice. Methods : Experiments consist 3 Parts: 1) tail flick latency(TFL, sec, 52±1℃) was measured before and 30 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of flutamide 150, 100, 50mg/kg or vehicle(N=15 for each group); 2) TFL was measured before and after serial injection of LHRH antagonist antide(1mg/kg, ip), and 30 minutes after flutamide(100mg/kg, ip) or vehicle; 3) With pretreatment of flutamide(100mg/kg, ip) or vehicle(N=15 for each group), TFL was measured before and after 5 minutes of forced-swim in cold water(15±1℃). Results : 1.TFL was significantly elongated(hypoalgesic) in the flutamide 100 and 150mg/kg groups. TFL of flutamide 150mg/kg group was significantly longer than 50mg/kg group. 2.Though pretreatment with antide itself did not make any change in TFL, it blocked antinociceptive effect of flutamide. TFL was elongated by serial injections in both flutamide and control group. 3.TFL was elongated by FS in both flutamide and control group. FS-induced elongation of TFL was significantly more prominent in flutamide group. Conclusions : From these results, it is suggested flutamide has antinociceptive effect on baseline TFL and potentiates FS- induced antinociception.

우리나라 기업의 환위험 관리 사례에 관한 연구

정헌용,정구형 남서울대학교 2004 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

The purposes of this study are to examine the strategy of managing foreign exchange risk of Korean Companies. Even through a national environment with regard to foreign exchange rate has been changed, Korean Companies have been maintaining their business based on manager's discretion, traditional experiences without recognizing importance of risk management of foreign exchange. Also, in spite of being interested in such risk management of foreign exchange, most of Korean Companies have lack of knowledge on the practical way of managing such risk. Besides, a management is not a specialist in the field of risk management of foreign exchange, but it is difficult for Korean Companies having small operation to hire a specialist in that field. Therefore, this study intends to protect Korean Companies from their exposure to foreign exchange risk and fluctuation of foreign. exchange rate by proposing the method for Korean Companies to be able to simply use in order to manage such risk through introducing strategies of managing foreign exchange risk. In the future, various studies regarding risk management method of foreign exchange in Korean Companies should be continued.

장기적 트립토판 결여식이 생쥐의 유해감각예민도에 미치는 영향

서영대,박제민,김명정,전명호,양구범,장세헌,강철중,김정태,김용식 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

The depressive patients can be divided into two subgroups by presence and absence of pain symptoms. Those without pain symptoms have blunted pain sensitivity whereas those with pain have normal range of pain sensitivity, and are clinically characterized by anxiety and irritability. The aim of the study is to test if these clinical profiles of the depressives with pain symptoms are related with reduced level of brain serotonin(5-HT). Forty four mice were randomly divided into two groups : one group to be bred with tryptophan free diet and the other with normal control diet, each for 4 weeks. Before the beginning of the breeding period, measured were locomotor activity by open field test, anxiety by elevated plus maze and nociceptive sensitivity by tail flick test, before and after forced swimming(FS). During each FS, duration of immobilization was also measured. The sable sets of measurements were repeated at the end of the breeding period. The brain 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results were as follows 1.Four weeks of tryptophan free diet reduced significantly body weight, brain weight, and levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the whole brain. 2.Tryptophan depletion did not influence basal nociceptive sensitivity as measured by tail flick latency before FS. The normal blunting of the pain sensitivity induced by forced swimming was preserved in the tryptophan depleted group. 3.Tryptophan depletion did not influence general locomotor activity in open field. 4.Tryptophan depletion increased significantly time spent on the open arms at the elevated plus maze test done before FS. This anxiolytic-like effect was reduced by FS. 5.Tryptophan depletion did not influence duration of immobilization during FS. From these results, it is suggested that the genesis of the depression with pain symptoms is not medicated by quantitative reduction of brain serotonin

An asymmetric dimeric structure of TrmJ tRNA methyltransferase from <i>Zymomonas mobilis</i> with a flexible C-terminal dimer

Gu, Do-Heon,Park, Mi-Young,Kim, Jeong-Sun Elsevier 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The tRNA methyltransferase J (TrmJ) and D (TrmD) catalyze the transferring reaction of a methyl group to the tRNA anticodon loop. They commonly have the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-terminal domain (CTD). Whereas two monomeric CTDs symmetrically interact with a dimeric NTD in TrmD, a CTD dimer has exhibited an asymmetric interaction with the NTD dimer in the presence of a product. The elucidated apo-structure of the full-length TrmJ from <I>Zymomonas mobilis</I> ZM4 shows a dimeric CTD that asymmetrically interacts with the NTD dimer, thereby distributing non-symmetrical potential charge on the both side of the protein surface. Comparison with the product-bound structures reveals a local re-orientation of the two arginine-containing loop at the active site, which interacts with the product. Further, the CTD dimers have diverse orientations compared to the NTD dimers, suggesting their flexibility. These data indicate that an asymmetric interaction between the NTD dimer and the CTD dimer is a common structural feature among TrmJ proteins, regardless of the presence of a substrate or a product.</P>

Crystallization and preliminary structural study of the Thermobaculum terrenum Csh2 in the type IB CRISPR system

Do-Heon Gu,Suk-Youl Park,Jeong-Sun Kim 한국구조생물학회 2017 Biodesign Vol.5 No.3

CRISPR/Cas system is an RNA-mediated prokaryotic adaptive immune system against mobile genetic elements. Among three CRISPR/Cas systems, type I system has two functional units in removing nucleic acids, Cascade and Cas3. Type IB Cascade has been analyzed to have components of Csh1, Csh2, Cas4, and Cas5, whose structural and functional information is not available. To provide a structural background for the type IB Cascade, the preliminary structural study of the Csh2 from Thermobaculum terrenum is reported here. The purified recombinant protein was successfully crystallized using the precipitant solution composed of 10% (w/v) Polyethylene Glycol 3350, 2% (v/v) Tacsimate at pH 5.0, and 100 mM Sodium Citrate tribasic dihydrate at pH 5.6. Diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 1.93 Å using synchrotron radiation. The crystal belongs to the primitive triclinic P1 space group, with unit cell dimensions a = 31.04 Å, b = 54.65 Å, c = 96.46 Å, α = 73.6 º, β = 88.4 º and γ = 89.8 º. With two molecules in the asymmetric unit, the crystal volume per unit protein weight corresponds with 2.29 Å 3 ·Da -1 , resulting in 46% solvent.

초음속 항공기 조향장치 신뢰성 및 품질개선 연구

강구헌 ( Gu Heon Kang ),김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),신재혁 ( Jae Hyuk Shin ),손현익 ( Hyeon Ik Son ) 한국품질경영학회 2017 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1

정보보호 통제활동이 조직유효성에 미치는 영향

정구헌(Gu Heon Jeong),정승렬(Seung Ryul Jeong) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2011 지능정보연구 Vol.17 No.1

This study was designed to empirically analyze the effect of control activities(physical, managerial and technical securities) of information protection on organizational effectiveness and the mediating effects of information application. The result was summarized as follows. First, the effect of control activities(physical, technical and managerial securities) of information protection on organizational effectiveness showed that the physical, technical and managerial security factors have a significant positive effect on the organizational effectiveness(p < .01). Second, the effect of control activities(physical, technical and managerial securities) of information protection on information application showed that the technical and managerial security factors have a significant positive effect on the information application(p < .01). Third, the explanatory power of models, which additionally put the information protection control activities(physical, technical and managerial securities) and the interaction variables of information application to verify how the information protection control activities( physical, technical and managerial security controls) affecting the organizational effectiveness are mediated by the information application, was 50.6%~4.1% additional increase. And the interaction factor(β = .148, p < .01) of physical security and information application, and interaction factor(β = .196, p < .01) of physical security and information application among additionally-put interaction variables, were statistically significant(p < .01), indicating the information application has mediated the relationship between physical security and managerial security factors of control activities, and organizational effectiveness. As for results stated above, it was proven that physical, technical and managerial factors as internal control activities for information protection are main mechanisms affecting the organizational effectiveness very significantly by information application. In information protection control activities, the more all physical, technical and managerial security factors were efficiently well performed, the higher information application, and the more information application was efficiently controlled and mediated, which it was proven that all these three factors are variables for useful information application. It suggested that they have acted as promotion mechanisms showing a very significant result on the internal customer satisfaction of employees, the efficiency of information management and the reduction of risk in the organizational effectiveness for information protection by the mediating or difficulty of proved information application.

사방댐 리모델링 기술의 현장 적용성 평가 연구

이헌호 ( Heon Ho Lee ),권태호 ( Tae Ho Kwon ),오세욱 ( Se Wook Oh ),한명구 ( Myung Gu Han ),이광선 ( Kwang Sun Lee ),이기환 ( Ki Hwan Lee ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구에서는 시설물 외관상태평가 기법과 비파괴 시험을 이용하여 리모델링 대상의 구조적 안정성을 검토하고, STmate로 산출한 재시공 비용을 리모델링 비용과 비교하여, 사방댐 리모델링기술의 현장 적용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 평가는 포항시 북구 장기면 산서리, 임중리에 위치한 콘크리트 사방댐 2개소를 대상으로 이뤄졌다. 산서리 사방댐의 외관상태평가등급은 d등급으로 보수/보강이 시급하였고, 부재 표면의 압축강도는 18.1MPa로 평가기준의 73.3% 수준이었다. 리모델링 비용은 총 109,580천원으로 재시공 비용의 84.7% 수준이었고, 19,448천원이 절감되었다. 임중리 사방댐의 외관상태평가등급은 c등급으로 비교적 양호하였고, 부재 표면의 압축강도는 22.6MPa로 평가기준의 91.5% 수준이었다. 리모델링 비용은 총 39,974천원으로 재시공 비용의 42.9% 수준이었으며, 53,128천원의 절감되었다. 사방댐 리모델링 기술의 현장 적용성 평가결과, 두 개의 사방댐 모두 리모델링이 가능한 구조적 상태와 사업성을 가지고 있는 것으로 판정되었다. In this study, using the facility exterior condition assessment and the non-destructive test, We intended to evaluate the field applicability of the debris barrier remodeling technology by reviewing the remodeling buildings in structural stability and by comparing the reconstruction cost(Calculated with the STmate) with the remodeling cost. The evaluation was done with the subject taken from two locations: the concrete debris barriers in Pohang-city Buk-gu Changgi-myun Sanseo-ri, and those in Imjung-ri. The condition assessment grade of the debris barrier in Sanseo-ri was D, which requires the urgent repair reinforcement, with its concrete compressive strength average 18.1MPa, showing 73.3% by the evaluation standard. In the cost analysis, the remodeling cost was 84.7% of the reconstruction cost, with \19,448 reduction. The condition assessment grade of the debris barrier in Imjung-ri was C, which was relatively good; the concrete compressive strength was average 22.6MPa, 91.5% level in the evaluation standard. As a result of the cost analysis, the cost input into the remodeling was 42.9% of the reconstruction cost, with \53,128 reduction. As a result of the field applicability evaluation, both the two debris barriers were in the state good for remodeling in structure, showing the good feasibility.