조기영어교육 경험정도에 따른 유아의 상위 언어 능력 및 영어 학습 흥미도 비교 연구

조희숙,이연선 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2004 영유아보육연구 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the children's metalinguistic ability and English learning interest according to the degree of English leaming experience. Subjects were 89 children(44 boys and 45 girls) and were divided into three groups according to the degree of English leaming experience. To assess three group's metalinguistic ability, Revised dimension of Ricciardelli (1993)'s Forming-Meaning Judgement Task, Word Renaming Task, and Grammar Judgement Task in Korean version were administered. Revised dimension of Shin(2002)'s English leaming interest test was employed. This study's major results are summarized as follows. First, there are significant differences in children's metalinguistic ability according to the degree of English learning experience. The subjects of "high group" were significantly higher than other two groups and there was no difference between "middle group" and "non-experienced group" in metalinguistic ability. Second, there am also significant differences in children's English leaming interest according to the degree of English leaming experience. Between the subjects of "high group" and "middle group" had no significant difference, however, "non-experienced group" was significantly lower than that other two groups" in English learning interest. These results showed that the degree of English leaming experience affected metalinguistic ability and English leaming interest. The common type of English class in private kindergarten, twice a week for 30 minutes, was proved lack in developing children's metalinguistic ability. The common type of English class in private kindergarten, however, was proved to increase children's English leaming interest.

産業體의 人力資源開發 效率化를 위한 敎育戰略

李星鎬,李惠先,金容周 연세대학교 교육대학원 1983 연세교육과학 Vol.24 No.-

Developing human resources has emerged as a significant area of national endeavor to fulfill. Employee education and training in industry has burgeoned in the past few decades with the increasingly huge public commitment to such national endeavor to develop human resources in this nation. At the outset, of course, most industry-sponsored educational programmes came into existence primarily by the business needs responding more quickly to changing demands in a technological society. However, a new recognition arose; that is, what employee education and training has achieved is equally valuable to every other formal educational institutions in terms of their contribution to national human resource development. This recognition has leached such a point as to describe the educational activities of industry as a second great educational force on a par with our postsecondary educational system. However, until now, the employee education and training has been ignored by traditional educators and research scholars, despite the growing recognition of its contribution. It has been kept at arm's length primarily because of its nature of existence in business. Relative to the amount of research available in other sectors of adult or lifelong education at the postsecondary level, research on the employee education and training is still sporadic, and frequently provides inconsistent data. The primary significance of this research includes partial fulfilment of such research paucity, in particular, on curricular strategy for effective human resource development, provision of useful resource for further curricular change, and establishment of conceptual scheme for development of a new program for employee education and training. The present research is primarily concerned with the curricular practices of employee education and training. More specifically, the purposes of this study were : 1) to examine the developmental trends in the age of technological change and their implications for human resource development activities in industry, 2) to develop a model of educational strategy for effective human resource development in industry, 3) to conduct a needs assessment based on the developed motel of educational strategy, and 4) to explore a course of development toward which our current employee education and training should be changed. After reviewing in some detail the technological change in this post-industrial or technetronic society, it is recognized that human resource development activities in industry, although not the sole means, are the best means by which the individuals can relieve themselves from the technical, humane, and educational obsolescence. Various activities can be designed specifically to involve the employee in his own tackling with increasingly pressing problems of obsolenscence and dislocation. In responding to the demands for exploration of activities of human resource development, Leonard Nadler, in his Developing Human Resources (Austin, Texas: Learning Concepts, 1979) conceptualized the three major activities: 1) training of job, 2) education for individual and 3) development of organization. This study established on the basis of Nadler's conceptualization its model of educational strategy for effective human resources development in industry. In addition, it was theoretically developed that the process of curriculum construction for effective human resource development in industry involves four stages - 1) analysis & planning, 2) organization, 3) implementation & management, and 4) evaluation and study. A needs assessment was conducted concerning the activities and the development process of curriculum for human resource development in industry. The subjects (N=226) were composed of employees of four large companies in Seoul City. The instrument for a needs assessment, developed by the researchers, included 32 statements (12 concerned with activity area and 20 concerned with development process) and 6 questions concerning personal background of the respondents. Each respondent was asked to identify on a Likert-typed 5-point scale how much the practice listed in each statement is actual and desirable in human resource development program in industry. The collected data were put into a statistical treatment using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. After obtaining such basic statistical values as mean and standard deviation, the obtained differences were analyzed using t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and pearson-product moment correlation. The level of significance was set at the .05 (5%) and .01 (1%) leselv. Replies from 226 employees revealed that the perceptions of desired practices in three activity areas were significantly higher than those of actual practices. Out of three activity areas, the area of job training was perceived as most actually practiced, and the area of organization development was perceived as most desirable practice in need. These two areas respectively yielded the difference of significance at 1% or 5% levels from the other two areas. Concerning the development process, it was found that the desired levels of practice were significantly higher (p<. 01) than the levels of actual practice in all four stages of development process. In particular, the stages of analysis-planning and organization marked the lowest levels of actual practice, while the stage of implementation-management obtained the highest level of desired practice. These stages respectively also yielded the significant statistical difference (p<. 05 or p<. 01) from the other areas in actual or desired practices. In general, except a few cases, the variables suck as sex, age, school attainment level, length of work experiences, position class, and job-function class made no effect on perceptual difference between or among the groups, whether in actual practice or in desired practice. The findings of analysis of documents and needs assessment provided basis for the conclusions as follows : 1. The human resource development activity in industry is increasingly recognized as an important educational force, not only for its business needs but also for a national endeavor to develop human resources, particularly within the context of idea of lifelong education. 2. The primary goal of human resource development in industry in this rapidly changing technetronic age is to help the employees overcome the technical, humane and educational obsolescence and dislocation. 3. The current practice of human resource development in this nation· s industry does keep rarely up with the desired practices in job training, individual education and organization development, while the current practice places its primary emphasis on job training. 4. The current development process of human resource development program in industry falls short of the employees' desired expectations in every and each stage of planning, organization, implementation and evaluation. 5. There are substantially different concerns on the part of employees, along with their position and job-function classes, of what the current actual practice is and what it should be. The results of this research have potential for benefit to change efforts of human resource development program in industry, as follows : 1. The activity areas of human resource development in industry should be inclusive and well-balanced of job training, individual education and organization development 2. There is a need to systematize the currently practiced process of curriculum development for human resource development in industry. 3. The professional group of specialists in human resource development must be secured, trained and refreshed continuously. 4. Each company or institution of human resource development should initiate its own self-evaluation study periodically. 5. There is a need to expand the cooperative channels of working between industry and universities as well as inter-industry cooperative ventures for human resource development. Throughout conducting this study, however, the researchers recognized some limitations. In particular, the subjects used in a needs assessment might not adequately represent the entire employee collectively. Due to such question of the representativeness of the sample, the conclusions drawn here should be generalized with a possible maximum of caution. The needs assessment should be replicated in extended circle of business and industry with a more representative sample and with a proper empirical assessment of validity and reliability of the instrument.

Cefteram의 Group A streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae 및 Streptococcus pneumoniae에 대한 시험관내 항균력

박수은,정혜선,곽영호,이환종 대한화학요법학회 1998 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.16 No.3

목적 : cefteram은 새로이 개발된 경구용 세펨계 항균제로서 종래의 세펨계 항균제와 비교하여 β-lactamase에 안정적이다. 저자들은 소아의 호흡기 감염의 주요 원인균인 group A streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae의 국내 분리 균주를 대상으로 하며 cefteram의 항균력을 다른 페니실린계 및 세펨계 항균제와 비교하였다. 방법 : 서울대학교 소아병원에서 각종 감체로부터 분리된 group A streptococcus 29주, H. influenzae 53주 (β-lactamase 음성 23주, 양성 30주) 및 S. pneumoniae 93주를 (페니실린 감수성 및 중등도 각각 21주, 내성 51주) 대상으로 하여, cefteram, penicillin 또는 ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime 및 ceftriaxone 등의 항균제의 최소 억제 농도(MIC)를 한천희석법의로 측정하였다. 항균제 감수성 검사 결과는 MIC 범위, MUC_(50) 및 MUC_(30)으로 나타내었다. 결과 1. Group A streptococcus에 대한 cefteram의 MIC 범위는 <0.015-0.015 ㎍/mL이었고, MIC_(50) 및 MIC_(90)은 모두 0.008 ㎍/mL으로서 검사한 항균제 중 가장 낮았다. 2. β-lactamase 음성인 H. inflenzae에 대한 cefteram의 MIC 범위는 <0.015-0.06 ㎍/mL 였으며, MIC_(50) 및 MIC_(90)은 각각 0.015 ㎍/mL , 0.03㎍/mL 로 ampicillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime보다 낮았으며, cefixime과는 비슷하였다. β-lactamase 양성인 균주에 대한 MIC 범위는 <0.015-0.125㎍/mL , MIC_(50) 및 MIC_(90)은 각각 0.015 ㎍/mL , 0.06㎍/mL 로 amplicillin/sulbactam, cefaclor, cefuroxime보다 우수한 항균력을 보였고, cefixime과는 비슷한 항균력을 나타내었다. 3. 페니실린 감수성 S. pneumoniae에 대한 cefteram의 MIC 범위는 ≤0.015-0.03 ㎍/mL 으로 매우 낮았다. 페니실린 중등도 내성주에 대해서, MIC_(50)이 cefteram 외의 각 항균제들은 0.125㎍/mL 이상이었으나 cefteram은 0.06㎍/mL 으로서 매우 낮았으며, MIC_(50)는 모두 0.25㎍/mL 이상이었으며 cefteram은 0.25㎍/mL 로서 비교적 낮은 값을 보였다. 페니실린 고도 내성균주에 대해서는 검사한 항균제의 MIC가 모두 0.5㎍/mL 이상이었으며, cefteram의 MIC 범위, MIC_(50) 및 MIC_(90)는 각각 0.5- >64㎍/mL , 1㎍/mL 및 4㎍/mL 이었다. Background : Cefteram is an orally administered aminothiazolyl iminomethoxy cephalosporin. I t has been reported to be highly active against group A streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, there is a wide geographic variation in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobials should be evaluated against isolates from each of particular community where they are going to be used. Methods : Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of cefteram, penicillin or ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime, and ceftriaxone were determined by agar dilution method against 29 strains of group A streptococcus, 53 of H. influenzae and 93 of S. pneumoniae, isolated at the Seoul National Umversity Children's Hospital. The results of susceptibility test were presented by MIC range, MIC?? and MIC??. Results : 1. MIC range of cefteram against group A streptococcus was <0.015-0.015 ㎍/mL. MIC?? and MIC?? of cefteram were the lowest among the antimicrobials tested. 2. MIC ranges of cefteram against β-lactamase negative and plactamase positive H. influenzae were <0.015-0.06 ㎍/mL, and <0.015-0.125 ㎍/mL., respectnely. Cefteram was more active against β-lactamase positive H, infuenzae than amplilin/sulbactam, cefaclor, cefuroxime, and comparable with ceftriaxone, cefixime or cepfodoxime. 3. Cefteram had the lowest MIC?? and MIC?? against penicillin susceptible (0.008 ,㎍/mL and 0.015 ㎍/mL ) and intermediate S. pneumoniae (0.06 ㎍/mL and 0.25 ug/ml), but had rather high MIC?? and MIC?? (1 ,ug/mL and 4 ,㎍/mL) against penicillin resistank strains as other oral cephalosporins. Conclusion : The results indicate that cefteram has in vitro activity against group A streptococcus, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae equal to or higher than other oral antimicrobials tested.

A Vibration Signal Analysis Method based on Enforced De-Noising and Modified EMD

He jun,Qinghua Zhang,Guoxi Sun,Ji-cheng Yang,Jianbin Xiong 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.1

To deal with the noise from rotating machinery vibration signal and analysis the fault signal, a rotating machinery fault diagnosis method based on enforced de-noising and modified EMD is proposed. Firstly, fault signals were de-noised by the wavelet with enforced threshold in order to filter the noises in the high frequency, and then the EMD method used to decompose the fault signals into a finite number of stationary intrinsic mode function (IMFs), then the linear correlation coefficient between two sets of data is proposed to select the useful IMF. In order to restrain the endpoint effect of EMD, in this paper, the cosine window function is employ to the fault signals, and then the envelope error of the fault signals is controlled at the both endpoints of the vibration signals. Experimental results shows: this proposed method can extract the fault information effectively, with overcoming the drawbacks of EMD well.

A Continuous Abnormal Speech Detection Method Based on Time Domain features Weighted

He Jun,Ji-chen Yang,Qing-hua Zhang,Guo-xi Sun,Jian-bing Xiong 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.12

In this brief, a novel pathological continuous speech detection method based on time domain features weighted. First, different optimal threshold for time domain features, including zero crossing ratio, short-time energy and autocorrelation, are obtained from training speech data. Second, a difference evaluation technique is proposed, and with it, the difference of the same time domain feature selected from testing speech data and training speech data were obtained. Finally, to distinguish a given speech well, a novel weighting method based on difference evaluation for each kinds of time domain is employed, respectively. Experiments were conducted on the pathological speech database to prove the power and effectiveness of the proposed method. Results obtained shown that this method outperforms other early proposed time domain feature method, creating a more reliable technique for pathological continuous speech detection.

A Study on Personal Fashion Color Choices in Manicures and Pedicures

Sun-he Moon,Young-Sam Kim 한국피부과학연구원 2021 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 Vol.19 No.4

목적: 본 연구는 여성들의 패션의 퍼스널 컬러를 진단하고, 진단한 패션의 퍼스컬 컬러와 네일 및 페디큐어 컬러 매칭의 상관성을 밝힘으로써 여성들의 뷰티 이미지 향상에 유용한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법: 연구대상으로는 수도권에 거주하는 20-50세의 여성 32명을 대상으로 패션의 퍼스널 컬러를 진단하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 25.0을 이용해 빈도분석, χ2검증, One-way ANOVA을 실시하였다. 결과: 퍼스널 컬러 유형 중 피부의 L*값은 여름 유형이, 손과 발의 L*값은 겨울 유형이, 피부와 손, 발의 a*와 b*값은 가을 유형이 높았다. 또한 손과 발의 조화 톤은 퍼스널 컬러 중 봄 유형은 웜톤의 봄 유형이, 여름 유형은 쿨톤의 여름 유형 이, 가을 유형은 웜톤의 가을 유형이, 겨울 유형은 쿨톤의 겨울 유형이 많았다. 결론: 본 연구결과를 통해 손과 발의 조화 톤은 패션 의 퍼스널 컬러와 동일함을 알 수 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 네일 아트와 페디큐어 컬러 선택 시 조화로운 컬러 매칭의 이론적 근거 를 마련하였고, 감성시대의 흐름에 맞춰 여성들의 뷰티스타일링 및 이미지 향상에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to offer useful information for improving women’s beauty self-images by analyzing personal color choices in women’s fashions and determining the correlation between color matching and personal fashion color choices in manicures and pedicures. Methods: The research subjects included 32 women aged 20–50 years who lived in capital area and whose personal color fashion choices were determined. The data were analyzed with frequency analysis, a χ2-test, and a one-way ANOVA using SPSS WIN 25.0. Results: Considering the personal color choices, they were high in “summer types” for L* values of skin, high in “winter types” for L* values of hands and feet, and high in “fall types” for values a* and b* of skin, hands, and feet. Also, with regard to matching tones for hands and feet, the personal color choices were mostly “spring types” with warm spring-type tones, summer types with cool summer-type tones, “fall types” with warm fall-type tones, and “winter types” with cool winter-type tones. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested the matched tones for hands and feet are similar to the personal color fashion choices. These findings support a theoretical basis for harmonious color matching when choosing colors in manicure and pedicure nail art. The findings of this study may assist with beauty styling and self-images of women in this fashion era.

A Dynamic Pricing Method for Goods in Competitive Ecommerce Market

Sun Wen-he,Hu Wen 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2014 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.7 No.4

Effects of plant-based Korean food extracts on lipopolysaccharidestimulated production of inflammatory mediators in vitro

Sun Young Lee,Yoo-Sun Kim,Ji Ye Lim,Namsoo Chang,Myung-Hee Kang,Se-Young Oh,He-Jin Lee,Hyesook Kim,Yuri Kim 대한지역사회영양학회 2014 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.8 No.3

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The traditional Korean diet is plant-based and rich in antioxidants. Previous studies have investigated the potential health benefits of individual nutrients of Korean foods. However, the cumulative effects of a Korean diet on inflammation remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a plant-based Korean diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: Using data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 75 individual plant food items were selected which represent over 1% of the total diet intake of the Korean diet. These items were classified into ten different food groups, and the vegetable (Veg) and fruit (Fruit) groups were studied based on their high antioxidant capacity. For comparison, a mixture of all ten groups (Mix) was prepared. To produce a model of inflammation with which to test these Veg, Fruit, and Mix plant-based Korean food extracts (PKE), RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS: Levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were found to be lower following PKE treatment. Furthermore, PKE treatment was found to suppress tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) via the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Overall, the Mix group exhibited the greatest anti-inflammatory effects compared with Veg and Fruit PKE group. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators by the PKE tested was found to involve an inhibition of NF-kB activation. Moreover, PKE tested have the potential to ameliorate various inflammation-related diseases by limiting the excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators.

분산컴퓨터시스템의 새로운 키 분배 프로토콜(NKDP)

문선희(Sun He Moon) 한국정보과학회 1993 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.20 No.2

본 논문에서는 분산 컴퓨터 시스템의 보안에 필요한 여러가지 내용을 살펴보았다. 특히, 키 분배에서의 키 분배 프로토콜을 고찰하고 NKDP(New Key Distribution Protocol)를 제시하였다. NKDP(New Key Distribution Protocol)는 키 분배한 결과를 키 분배를 요청한 국소 키 분배 서버들에게 동시에 알려주어 키 분배 프로토콜의 처리 속도를 단축하였으며, 공용키 암호화 기법을 도입하여 불법 침입자의 침입을 예방하였다.

악 교정 수술후 기관내 삽관 곤란 1 례 보고

송희선,이준례 대한마취과학회 1995 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.28 No.5

This 17 year-old male patient had an experience of a difficult intubation problem on miniplate removal operation after orthognathic surgery, but he didn't have the same problem on a previous orthognathic surgery 1 year before. He suffers from mental retardation and speaking disability due to congenital brain damage. I think difficult exposure of the larynx was caused by the imbalance of neck muscle force and jaw instability, as result from surgery. The preoperative airway evaluation is very important because findings may dictate choice of intubation technique. A flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope may be the most useful aid to awake intubation in the patient with a known difficult airway.