영양표시정착화사업(Ⅱ) : 식품참고량설정에 관한 연구 Study on the Establishement of the Reference Amount in Foods

김대병,장영미,김인복,이혜영,장재희,김보영,이정구,김창민,정해랑 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 영양표시에서 1회분량 및 영양소함량표시의 기준으로 사용되는 "식픔창고량"에 관한 연구를 수행하므로써 합리적이고 일관성있는 영양표시기준 개선을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 하였다. 이를 위하여 미국 및 캐나다를 중심으로 제외국의 현황 및 식품참고량 설정방법을 조사 ·연구 하으며 제도도입 및 개선 방안을 강구하였파. 또한, 시판 제품의 영양료시현황 및 음료류 둥의 포장단위 등을 피악하여 식품참고량설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 하였다. 앞으로 국민건강 ·영양조사자료의 체계적인 통계분석, 가공식품의 섭취량조사 등을 통하여 우리나라 국민의 1인 1회 섭취량자료의 축적이 선행되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this ?roject is to study on the reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion to improve the nutrition labelling standards. We Performed to study on the methodology to establish the reference amounts on the basis of the review on the advanced counITy's status. And we investigated the packaged unit ofprocessed foods. Further study is needed to establlsh the customarily consumed amount per eating occasionthrough the statistical analysis of nationwide food consumption data. Our results will be helpful information to improve nutrition labelling system in Korea.

청소년을 위한 영양지수 개발과 타당도 검증

김혜영(Kim, Hye-Young),이정숙(Lee, Jung-Sug),황지윤(Hwang, Ji-Yun),권세혁(Kwon, Sehyug),정해랑(Chung, Hae Rang5),곽동경(Kwak, Tong-Kyung),강명희(Kang, Myung-Hee),최영선(Choi, Young-Sun) 한국영양학회 2017 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.50 No.2

본 연구는 생애주기별 영양지수 중 청소년을 위한 영양지수 (Nutrition Quotient for Adolescents, NQ-A) 모형을 개발하고자 수행되었다. 영양지수 평가항목 선정을 위해 식품섭취영역에서 20개 문항, 식행동·식습관 영역에서 21개 문항의 총 41개 문항으로 구성된 파일럿 조사용 체크리스트를 개발하였다. 청소년 213명을 대상으로 1일의 식사 섭취실태 조사를 포함한 파일럿 조사를 수행하고, 체크리스트 항목 점수와 식사섭취실태 관련 변수들 간의 상관관계가 높은 24개의 평가항목으로 구성된 전국단위 조사용 체크리스트를 개발하였다. 전국단위 조사는 시도별 집락별로 층화추출된 중고등학생 1,547명에 대해 구조화된 설문지로 면대면 조사를 수행하였고, 탐색적 요인분석을 수행하여 청소년 영양지수의 평가 항목을 19개 항목의 5개 요인으로 분류하고, 구조방정식 모형을 이용해 평가 항목의 구성타당도를 검증하고 추정된 경로계수를 가중치로 적용하였다. 청소년 영양지수를 위한 5개의 요인과 가중치는 각각 균형 0.25, 다양 0.15, 절제 0.25, 환경 0.15, 실천 0.20이었다. 균형 영역에는 과일 섭취 빈도, 흰 우유 섭취 빈도, 콩류 섭취 빈도, 생선 섭취 빈도의 4개 항목이 포함되었고, 다양 영역은 채소 반찬 섭취 빈도, 반찬 골고루 먹는 정도, 편식 정도의 3개 항목, 절제 영역은 과자 또는 달거나 기름진 빵 섭취 빈도, 가공 음료 섭취 빈도, 라면 섭취 빈도, 카페인 음료섭취 빈도, 야식 섭취 빈도, 길거리 음식 섭취 빈도의 6개 항목, 환경 영역은 아침식사 빈도, 식탁에 앉아서 식사하는 정도, TV·핸드폰·컴퓨터 사용 시간의 3개 항목, 그리고 실천 영역은 영양 표시 확인 정도, 음식 먹기 전 손 씻는 정도, 운동 빈도의 3개 항목이 포함되었다. 전국단위 조사대상자의 영양지수 (NQ-A) 평균 점수는 56.0점이었고, 세부 영역별로는 균형 58.6점, 다양 55.6점, 절제 48.1점, 환경 70.6점, 실천 52.1점이었다. 영양지수 점수와 각 영역별 등급은 전국 조사 결과의 백분위수 분포를 기준으로 75~100 백분위의 경우 ‘상’ 등급, 25 ~ <75 백분위의 경우 ‘중’ 등급, 0 ~ <25 백분위는 ‘하’ 등급으로 분류하였다. 영양지수의 경우 63.1~100점은 ‘상’ 등급, 49.0~63점은 ‘중’ 등급, 0~48.9점은 ‘하’ 등급으로 판정되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 청소년을 위한 영양지수는 19개 항목으로 구성된 식행동 체크리스트를 통해 영양지수 점수와 균형, 다양, 절제, 환경, 실천 영역의 점수를 산출할 수 있으며, 상대적인 NQ 등급 부여를 통해 식사의 질과 식행동이 양호한 지를 판정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된 청소년용 영양지수 (NQ-A)가 청소년의 식사의 질과 식행동 평가 및 영양교육의 효과 평가 등에 많이 활용될 것으로 기대된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a nutrition quotient for adolescents (NQ-A) to assess overall dietary quality and food behavior of Korean adolescents. Methods: Development of the NQ-A was undertaken in three steps: item generation, item reduction, and validation. Candidate items of the NQ-A checklist were selected based on literature reviews, results of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, dietary guidelines for Korean adolescents, expert in-depth interviews, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. A total of 213 middle and high school students participated in a one-day dietary record survey and responded to 41 items in the food behavior checklist. Pearson"s correlation coefficients between the responses to the checklist items along with nutritional status of the adolescents were calculated. Item reduction was performed, and 24 items were selected for the nation-wide survey. A total of 1,547 adolescents from 17 cities completed the checklist questionnaire. Exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to develop a final NQ-A model. Results: Nineteen items were finalized as the checklist items for the NQ-A. Checklist items were composed of five factors (balance, diversity, moderation, environment, and practice). The five-factor structure accounted for 47.2% of the total variance. Standardized path coefficients were used as weights of the items. The NQ-A and five-factor scores were calculated based on the obtained weights of the questionnaire items. Conclusion: Nutrition Quotient for adolescents (NQ-A) would be a useful instrument for evaluating dietary quality and food behavior of Korean adolescents. Further research on NQ-A is needed to reflect changes in adolescent"s food behavior and environment.

Organic Electronics: Efficient and Air-Stable Aqueous-Processed Organic Solar Cells and Transistors: Impact of Water Addition on Processability and Thin-Film Morphologies of Electroactive Materials (Adv. Energy Mater. 34/2018)

Lee, Changyeon,Lee, Hae Rang,Choi, Joonhyeong,Kim, Youngkwon,Nguyen, Thanh Luan,Lee, Wonho,Gautam, Bhoj,Liu, Xiang,Zhang, Kai,Huang, Fei,Oh, Joon Hak,Woo, Han Young,Kim, Bumjoon J. Wiley (John WileySons) 2018 ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS Vol.8 No.34

High-Performance Furan-Containing Conjugated Polymer for Environmentally Benign Solution Processing

Lee, Sang Myeon,Lee, Hae Rang,Han, A-Reum,Lee, Junghoon,Oh, Joon Hak,Yang, Changduk American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.18

<P>Developing semiconducting polymers that exhibit both strong charge transport capability via highly ordered structures and good processability in environmentally benign solvents remains a challenge. Given that furan-based materials have better solubility in various solvents than analogous thiophene-based materials, we have synthesized and characterized furanyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole polymer (PFDPPTT-Si) together with its thienyl-diketopyrrolopyr-role-based analogue (PTDPPTT-Si) to understand subtle changes induced by the use of furan instead of thiophene units. PTDPPTT-Si films processed in common chlorinated solvent exhibit a higher hole mobility (3.57 cm(2) V(-1)s(-1)) than PFDPPTT-Si films (2.40 cm(2) s(-1)) under the same conditions; this greater hole mobility is a result of tightly aggregated z stacking structures in PTDPPTT-Si. By contrast, because of its enhanced solubility, PFDPPTT-Si using chlorine-free solution processing results in a device with higher mobility (as high as 1.87 cm(2) s(-1)) compared to that of the corresponding device fabricated using PTDPPTT-Si. This mobility of 1.87 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) represents the highest performances among furan-containing polymers reported to the best of our knowledge for nonchlorinated solvents. Our study demonstrates an important step toward environmentally compatible electronics, and we expect the results of our study to reinvigorate the furan-containing semiconductors field.</P>

Efficient and Air-Stable Aqueous-Processed Organic Solar Cells and Transistors: Impact of Water Addition on Processability and Thin-Film Morphologies of Electroactive Materials

Lee, Changyeon,Lee, Hae Rang,Choi, Joonhyeong,Kim, Youngkwon,Nguyen, Thanh Luan,Lee, Wonho,Gautam, Bhoj,Liu, Xiang,Zhang, Kai,Huang, Fei,Oh, Joon Hak,Woo, Han Young,Kim, Bumjoon J. Wiley (John WileySons) 2018 ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS Vol.8 No.34

An efficient lactone-to-lactam conversion for the synthesis of thiophene Pechmann lactam and the characterization of polymers thereof

Lee, Kyu Cheol,Lee, Hae Rang,Kang, So-Huei,Lee, Jungho,Park, Young IL,Noh, Seung Man,Oh, Joon Hak,Yang, Changduk Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Polymer chemistry Vol.9 No.42

<P> Despite having unique structural features, e.g., high co-planarity and a strong polar bicyclic lactam structure, thiophene bipyrrolylidene-2,2’(1H,1’H)-dione (TBPD) has been less explored as a dye, mainly due to the quite low yield in its synthesis via lactone-to-lactam conversion. We reported an efficient methodology for synthesizing TBPD in high yield using p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate and a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine in the chloroform solvent. From the newly synthesized series of TBPD-based donor?acceptor-type polymers, we fabricated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), which were subjected to a systematic study on the relationship between film microstructure and charge transport. Among them, the annealed PTBPD-Th film revealed a more ordered lamellar packing with the highest number of interlayers and preferential edge-on orientation, yielding the best hole mobility (up to 0.46 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>). The improved synthesis of TBPD and our findings concerning related polymers could promote further research and development associated with the TBPD unit. </P>

Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis of the Mandible: A Case Report

Lee, Young-Cheol,Lim, Lee-Rang,Lee, Kyu-Hoon,Seo, Dong-Jun,Yun, Na-Ra,Oh, Ji-Su,You, Jae-Seek,Choi, Hae-In Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine 2019 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.44 No.3

Actinomycosis is rare, chronic, slowly progressive disease caused by gram-positive anaerobic organisms from the Actinomycosis family that normally colonizes the oral cavity. Actinomycotic osteomyelitis is even more rare and refractory disease because diagnosis by bacterial culture is not easy. In our case, 80-year-old man visited our clinic with a complaint of swelling and severe sinus tracts without teeth evolvement on anterior mandible. Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated erosive bone destruction on anterior mandible, clinically suspected actinomycotic osteomyelitis. The patient also had thoracic actinomycosis on Lt. lower lung. We could diagnosis actinomycosis by histopathologic examination. He treated by conservative surgery and long term antibiotics. After 2 year, no recurrence was seen in CT scan.

Effect of Siloxane Terminal Groups in Side Chains on Practical Applications and Performance of Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Hae Rang Lee,A-Reum Han,Junghoon Lee,Jungho Lee,So-Huei Kang,Hyungju Ahn,Tae Joo Shin,Changduk Yang,Joon Hak Oh 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

미국의 행정 ‘구제수단’(remedies)에 관한 연구

이혜랑(Lee, Hae rang) 행정법이론실무학회 2016 행정법연구 Vol.- No.46

사법심사는 위법한 행정행위에 대한 국민의 권리구제수단으로 가장 고전적이고, 기본적이며, 그만큼 중요하다. 특히 소송유형의 문제는 위법한 행정행위를 다투려는 국민이 법원에 무엇을 청구할 수 있는지와 관련된 것으로 사법심사에 들어가는 출입문과 같은 기능을 하는 것이다. 그럼에도 현재 행정소송법에서 인정되고 있는 소송유형은 독일, 프랑스, 영국, 미국 등 선진국가와 비교하여 볼 때 상당히 제한적이고, 이러한 점에 대해서는 학계, 실무의 다수가 인정하고 있다. 2000년 초반부터 이루어지는 개정논의도 결국 소송유형을 다양화하기 위하여 의무이행소송 또는 예방적 금지소송을 도입할지 여부를 주된 쟁점으로 이루어져왔다. 그런데 대법원의 개정의견, 법무부의 개정시안을 거쳐, 2013년도에 이루어진 입법예고까지 그 제도 개정의 폭은 점점 축소되어왔을 뿐만 아니라, 입법예고 후 3년이 지난 지금까지 실질적인 개정은 전혀 이루어지지 않았다. 미국에서 행정법은 사법이 행정을 통제한다는 것에 적대적이었던 뉴딜시대의 사법소극주의와 행정에 대해 회의적인 입장에서 사법통제는 법치행정의 실현에 있어 필수불가결하다는 사법적극주의가 서로 부딪히며 절충안을 모색해가는 과정에서 발전하였다. 즉 공익실현을 위한 행정의 기능과 책임을 존중하면서 동시에 국민의 권리구제와 관련하여 사법적 통제는 이루어져야 한다는 관념이 행정법 발전의 배경이 되었다는 것이다. 이러한 미국 행정법의 발전과정은 행정 구제수단의 제도적 고안에 있어서도 반영되었다. 미국 행정법의 구제수단, 특히 항고소송의 소송유형은 행정청을 설립하고 권한을 부여하며 동시에 통제방법을 설정해둔 특별법에 기한 심사가 주가 되면서도, 일반법에 기한 심사가 그 공백을 보충하고 있고, 법원은 국민의 권리구제와 법치행정의 실현에 있어 사법부의 역할이 중요하다는 점을 근거로 불문법에 기한 심사를 발전시켜 결과적으로 위법한 행정행위에 대하여 촘촘한 권리구제가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 우리가 항고소송의 소송유형을 다양화하여야 하는 이유는 결국 국민의 권리구제와 발전된 법치행정의 실현에 있음을 전제로, 미국 행정법상 구제수단 특히, 항고소송의 소송유형에 대한 연구를 통해 현재 우리나라 행정소송의 유형을 어떻게 개선할 수 있을지 고찰해보고자 한다. The basic remedy against unlawful administrative action is judicial review. A person aggrieved by agency action may challenge its legality in the courts. Then the reviewing court, before it judges the case on its merits, must answer the question, “is judicial review available?”. If the answer is no, the case should be dismissed and the plaintiff"s alleged wrong would go unremedied. The questioning in availability of remedies functions as a door to the court. In Korea, however, a remedy that a court can redress is very limited and a court has denied to give other forms of relief which are not listed in 「Administrative Litigation Act」. This study was obtained by the awareness in limitation of Korean administrative court"s in relation to its role in redressing remedies against unlawful administrative action. The administrative law in the U.S. has developed during its process of finding a compromise plan as well as facing the challenges between New Deal enthusiasts who were hostile to judicial control of administrative action and skeptics about agencies who saw judicial control as an indispensable safeguard of rule-of-law value. In other words, the background of the development of administrative law is based on the idea that judicial control must be made with respect to the remedial imperative while respecting the functions and responsibilities of public administration. The development of the U.S. administrative law is also reflected in administrative law remedies. The most common remedy for unlawful federal agency action in the U.S. is a petition for review filed, typically in a circuit court, pursuant to a provision of the statute that gives agency its authority to take the challenged action. This is called ‘special statutory review’. If a special statutory review proceeding is absent, the cause of action most commonly used is the one created by the 「Administrative Procedure Act」itself - ‘general statutory review’. This suit is filed pursuant to the general statutory provision conferring federal question jurisdiction on district courts, 28 U.S.C. §1331. Even if there are not statutory review provisions or if a statutory review is inadequate, the U.S. courts have created remedies based on the notion what may called the remedial imperative. This form of judicial control over executive action is called ‘nonstatutory review’. Nonstatutory review is created from the principle of U.S. constitutional system that the government is bounded by law, and the courts have a special role to play in the enforcement of those boundaries. Diversifying the types of relief in administrative litigation will have positive impacts or results on the satisfaction of the remedial imperative as well as the enforcement of the rule-of-law. Through the study of remedies in the U.S. administrative law, I focused on the methods of possibilities to improve the relief type in Korean administrative litigation.

타투 경험자의 참여동기에 관한 심층적 분석

이해영 ( Hae-young Lee ),이상례 ( Sang-rae Lee ),김현정 ( Hyun-jung Kim ),김규랑 ( Gyu-rang Kim ) 한국미용학회 2020 한국미용학회지 Vol.26 No.6

Tattoo is loved as one of the behaviors to express personality in the present age where a variety of thoughts and values co-exist. This study conducted an in-depth survey of motives and types of tattooing by means of an open-ended questionnaire with subjects with tattoos between 20s and 40s of ages in the metropolitan area of Seoul. The result of analysis by age, first of all, showed that the age group in the 20s was dominant with 3 or more tattoos showing a favor of designs with mixture of illustrations and letters. Second, the analysis on the motives to have tattoo revealed the categories such as beauty, assigning meaning to life, pursuit of personality, and functional motives. Third, subordinate motives of beauty were yearning for tattoo, expression of fashion, and sexual appeal, those of assigning meaning to life were resolution, archiving, and storage, those of pursuit of personality were identity, distinctiveness, overcoming image, and those of functional motives were aesthetic supplementation and function of beauty fashion item. In result, it was found that tattoo was expanding as a beauty item along with confirmation of its marketability. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve change of attitude along with the expansion of the market and promote researches and tattoo design development to ease the institutional limitations in the beauty industry.