분포형 토양침식지도를 이용한 한강상류지역 토양유실 위험성 평가

박찬원(Chan-Won Park),손연규(Yeon-Kyu Sonn),장용선(Yong-Seon Zhang),홍석영(S. Young Hong),현병근(Byung-Keun Hyun),송관철(Kwan-Cheol Song),하상건(Sang-Keun Ha),문용희(Young-Hee Moon) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구에서는 1:25,000 정밀토양도 등 가용한 공간자료를 이용하여 작성된 토양유실도를 이용하여 한강 상류지역 10개 중권역 108 소유역에 대하여 토양유실량 평가하고 토지이용별 토양유실 위험지역을 분석하였다. 대상유역 총 토양유실량은 895만 Mg yr<SUP>-1</SUP>으로 예측되었으며, 면적당 평균 토양유실량은 6.1 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>yr<SUP>-1</SUP>이었다. 중소유역 단위로 살펴보면 남한강지역이 북한강지역의 유실량 뿐만 아니라 면적당 유실량이 더 많았다. 이는 북한강 권역의 경우 화강암 및 화강편마암이 주요 모재인 반면에 남한강 권역의 경우 토양모재가 퇴적암지대를 많이 포함있어 토양침식성 인자 (K factor)와 경사 인자 (LS factor)가 상대적으로 높고, 남한강 지역의 경우 농경지 토양이 상대적으로 많이 분포하고 있기 때문으로 판단된다. 대상유역의 토지이용별 연평균 토양유실량을 분석한 결과 산림/초지 > 밭 >> 도심/대지 >> 논 > 과수의 순로 분석 대상유역 중 10.7%를 차지하고 있는 농경지에서 유실되는 토양의 추정량은 41.3%이였으며, 이중 6.2%면적을 차지하는 밭이 40.6%으로 44.2%의 산림/초지와 비슷한 수준이었다. 한강상류지역 토양유실 위험성 평가시 분포형 토양침식지도와 항공사진을 비교한 결과 토양유실에 대한 공간인 정보를 확실하게 보여주고 있으며, 토양침식위험성은 남한강권역의 남한강 상류 (1001), 평창강 (1002), 충주댐 (1003) 권역에서 각각 토양침식위험성이 “보통”이상으로 높은 지역이 각각 8.7%, 7.9%, 7.8%로 평균인 5.9%보다 높았으며, 이에 대한 보전방안이 강구될 필요가 있고 판단된다. This study was conducted to evaluate soil erosion risk with a standard unit watershed in the upper Han river basin using the spatial soil erosion map according to the change of landuse. The study area is 14,577 ㎢, which consists of 10 subbasins, 107 standard unit watersheds. Total annual soil loss and soil loss per area estimated were 895 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> Mg yr<SUP>-1</SUP> and 6.1 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. A result of analysis with a subbasin as a unit showed that annual soil losses and soil loss per area in Namhan river basins was more than in Bukhan river ones. Predicted annual soil loss according to the landuse ranked as Forest & Grassland > Upland >> Urban & Fallow area > Paddy field > Orchard. Upland area covered 6.2% of the study area, but the contribution of total annul soil loss was 40.6% and that of Forest & Grassland was 44.2%. As a evaluation of soil erosion risk using the spatial soil erosion map, we could precisely conformed the potential hazardous region of soil erosion in each unit watersheds. The ratio of regions, graded as higher “Moderate” for annual soil loss, were respectively 8.7%, 7.9% and 7.8% in 1001, 1002 and 1003 subbasins in Namhan river basin. Most landuse of these area was upland, and these area is necessary to establish soil conservation practices to reduce soil erosion based on the field observation.

돈분뇨 액비 시용이 양파의 생육, 양분흡수량 및 토양 화학성에 미치는 영향

이종태(Jong Tae Lee),하인종(In Jong Ha),김희대(Hee Dae Kim),문진성(Jin Seong Moon),김우일(Woo Il Kim),송원두(Won Doo Song) 한국원예학회 2006 원예과학기술지 Vol.24 No.2

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of liquid pig manure (LPM) on the nutrient uptake, yield of onion and soil properties. The LPM applied to onion field contained 4.2 g kg?¹ N, 0.34 g kg?¹ P, 1.2 g kg?¹ K and it was diluted with water by 1:2 for top-dressing, which was applied separately 4 or 6 times from February to April. The LPM application rate for basal fertilization was 19,280 kg ha?¹ which included 80 kg N, 6.6 kg P, and 22 kg K. The application rate for top-dressing was 101,910 kg ha?¹ which included 160 kg N, 13 kg P, and 53 kg K. The plant height was not almost different among treatments until 136 days after planting. Thereafter, it enlarged abruptly until 186 days, on May 4. The significant difference among CF and LPM + top-dressing by CF or LPM I was not shown, but no fertilizer and LPM only (it was applied totally as basal fertilization) made plant height of onion lessen at the maximum growth stage because of insufficient nutrients. The plant diameter increased after 136 days, and there was a significant difference between CF or LPM and no fertilizer from 186 days after planting. The leaf weight was similar tendency to plant height while bulb weight was similar to plant diameter. The amount of nutrient uptake in leaf coincided with leaf growth and the nutrient uptake in bulb swelled simultaneously with bulb growth. The difference between CF and LPM + top-dressing by CF or LPM I was not significant in nutrient uptake of onion leaf and bulb. But LPM only decreased in nitrogen and potassium of leaf and in nitrogen of bulb. And no fertilizer made a remarkable difference to others in nitrogen, potassium and magnesium of leaf and bulb. The utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus in LPM + top-dressing by CF were 23.5%, 13.2% respectively, more than the others. The LPM + top-dressing by LPM I was most available with potassium, and it leaded the most abundant marketable yield by 55.0 t ha?¹ as well. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in bulb were inclined to decrease with progress of onion growth. The nitrogen contents in leaf maximized at the initial growth stage while potassium contents increased at the initial bulbing stage. The LPM application increased pH, nitrate nitrogen, potassium and EC in soil more than chemical fertilizer (CF) did.

유한요소법에 의한 콘크리트의 파괴진행해석

송하원,변근주,양재성 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1994 논문집 Vol.26 No.2

Fracture machines does work for concrete, provided that one uses a proper, nonlinear form of fracture mechanics in which a finite nonlinear zone at fracture front is being considered. The fracture process zone is a region ahead of a traction-free crack, in which two major mechanisms, microcraking and bridging, play important rules. The development of model of fracture process zone is most important to describe fracture phenomena in concrete. The toughness due to bridging is dominant compared to the toughness induced by the microcracking, so that the bridging is the dominant mechanism governing the fracture process of concrete. In this paper the bridging zone, which is a part of extended macrocrack with stresses transmitted by aggregates in concrete, is modelled by a Dugdale-Barenblatt type model with linear tension-softening curve. Finite element techniques are shown for implementation of the model for the analyses of crack growth in concrete.

레진시멘트의 색안정성에 대한 가속시험

송하정,박수정,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 레진 시멘트의 색 안정성을 평가하여, 레진 시멘트의 변색에 의한 심미 수복물의 실패의 가능성을 평가하고자 시행하였다. 4종의 이원중합형 레진 시멘트인 Panavia-F (PA; KURARAY), Duolink (DL; BISCO), Variolink II (VL; Ivoclar Vivadent),및 RelyX Unicem (UC; 3M ESPE)과 1종의 자가중합형 레진 시멘트인 Resiment Ready-Mix (with fluoride) CE (RM: j.l.Blosser)를 사용하였으며 , 대조군으로 복합레진 Gradia Direct (GD; GC)과 복합 레진 인레이용 Tecera Dentin A3 (TE; Bisco)를 사용했다. 각 재료 당 직경 6.5 ㎜, 두께 4.5 ㎜의 디스크형 시편 10개를 제작하였다. 중합 후 시편은 분광색채계측기인 Spectrolino (GretagMacbeth)를 이용해 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)값을 측정하고 가속시험을 위해 빛이 차단된 refrigerated bath circulator에서 60 ℃ 증류수에 30일간 보관 후에 색 측정을 시행하고, 시험 전 후의 색차를 계산하였다. 가속 시험 후 L^(*) 값은 감소하는 앙상을 보였고, a^(*) 값은 증가하는 양상을 보였지만 유의한 차이는 없었다. 반면 b^(*) 값은 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). TE가 15일과 30일 모두에서 가장 적은 색변화 (p < 0.05)를 보인 반면 GD는 15일 가속 실험 후 큰 색변화를 보였다. 30일 가속 실험 후 PA, VL, RM, DL 그리고 UC 순으로 ΔE^(*)값이 커졌으며 (p < 0.05), 30일 후 모든 레진시멘트들은 육안으로 변색을 인지할 수 있는 3 이상의 ΔE^(*) 값을 보였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of resin cements with accelerated test. Four dual curing resin cements: Panavia-F (KURARAY), Duolink (BISCO), Variolink-II (Ivoclar Vivadent), and RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE) and 1 self curing resin cement: Resiment CE (j. 1. Blosser) were used in this study. In control group, Gradia Anterior (GC) composite resin and Tescera Dentin (Bisco) indirect composite were used. Ten disk shape specimens were made from each resin cement. The specimens were subjected to an accelerated aging process in a refrigerated bath circulator at 60 ℃ for 15 and 30 days. Spectrophotometric analyses were made before and after 15 days and 30 days of accelerated aging time. The color characteristics (L^(*), a^(*), b^(*)) and the color difference (ΔE^(*)) of the specimens before and after immersion were measured and computed. Regardless of type of the resin cements, L^(*) value was decreased and a^(*) value was increased, but there were no significant difference. But b^(*) value was increased significantly (p < 0.05). Tescera inlay showed least color change (p < 0.05), but Gradia showed notable color change after 15 days. After 30 days on accelerated aging, ΔE^(*) value was increased (Panavia-F < Variolink-II < Resiment CE < Duolink < Unicem) (p < 0.05), but there were no significant difference among Panavia-F, Variolink-II, and Resiment CE groups. After 30 days of accelerated aging, ΔE^(*) value of all resin cements were greater than 3.0 and could be perceived by the human eye.

마이크로파 용융삽입법을 이용한 생분해성 나노복합체의 제조

하원조,신준식,송승욱,김준호,손세모,박성수 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of application of microwave energy for the fabrication of polymer/clay nanocomposite. APES/Clay nanocomposites were prepared at 130℃ for 30min with various content of clay by melt-intercalation method under classical and microwave heating source. APES/Clay samples were characterized by the means of X-ray diffractometry(XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA), and rheometric dynamic analysis(RDA). It was found that intercalated or exfoliated state was obtained in the samples according to the condition of organic modification, clay content, and heating source.

광양지역의 지반전단강도 증가 특성

홍원표,송영석,이근하 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 2000 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.30 No.-

본 연구에서는 연약지반개량공사가 실시된 광양지역을 대상으로 압밀기간동안 개량지반의 물리적, 역학적 변화특성 및 개량효과를 고찰되어 있다. 지반개량전 원지반에서 시료를 채취하고, 모래말뚝 타설직후, 압밀방치중(예상압밀도 50%) 및 압밀완료시(예상압밀도 90%)에도 시료를 채취하여 각각 토질정수를 조사 비교하였다. 그 결과 압밀이 진행되는 동안 지반의 강도는 증가하여, 일축압축강도로 구한 점성토지반의 강도증가율(C_u/P_o)이 0.36이 되었다. 그리고, 일축압축강도로 구한 점성토지반의 강도증가율(C_u/P_o)이 0.36이 되었다. 그리고, 일축압축강도와 함수비는 최대압밀응력에 대하여 유일함수관계를 보이고 있으며, 압밀완료시점(예상압밀도 90%)에서 추정된 비배수전단강도는 측정된 비례수전단강도와 비교적 잘 일치한다. In this study, both physical and mechanical properties of soft grounds are investigated during improvement works of soft grounds in Kwangyang. The properties of soil before ground improvement are compared with the properties of the improved ground after Sand Compaction Pile installation, during consolidation(degree of consolidation 50%), and at the end of consolidation(degree of consolidation 90%). From this result, improvement of the shearing strength of soft grounds can be deserved during consolidation, and the improving rate of shearing strength C_u/P_o is 0.36. The relationship between the shearing strength by unconfined compression tests, consolidation stress and water content shows that both the shearing strength and water content have an unique function relationship. The shearing strength predicted by Rutledge hypothesis shows relatives good agreement with the field strength.

再生骨材 콘크리트의 特性에 미치는 잔골재 混合의 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

李正熙,宋河永,文鐘健,趙明元 大田産業大學校 1997 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.14 No.1

It is becoming increasing1y difficult and expensive for construction contractors not only to dispose of building waste and demolition rubble but also to obtain natural aggregates of good quality for concrete product and building construction. As one of solutions for the above-mentioned problems, this study was planned to suggest a fundamental data and method for producing recycled aggregate concrete using crushed cement bricks as fine aggregates. In this study, one normal concrete with natural river sand as fine aggregate and crushed stone as coarse aggregate and three recycled aggregate concretes according to the mix proportion of recycled fine aggregate substitution ratio of 35%, 65%, 100% were made using tile water-cement ratio of 45% and 65%.

IL-4와 다른 여러가지 cytokines이 사람 편도 단핵세포의 IgE 생산에 미치는 영향

이헌구,송원재,하대유 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

The present study was desinged to compare IgE producing ability of cultured human tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMNC) stimulated by rhIL-4 between complete Iscove's modified Dulbeco's medium (C-IMDM, which was composed of IMDM enriched with bovine serum albumin, fetal calf serum, transferrin, insulin, and mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) and RPMI-1640 supplemented with FCS (RPMI-1640), as well as to investigate a single or combined effects of IL-4 and 7 different human cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, TNF-a, IFN- 7' and TGF-fi ) in a culture system on IgE production of human TMNC. It was found that C-IMDM was superior to RPMI 1640 as a culture medium for supporting the synthesis of IgE by TMNC stimulated with rhIL-4. In fact, RPMI-1640 failed to induce significant IgE synthesis by TMNC cultured for 21 days in the presence of rhlL-4 (100 U / ml). In addition, 7 different cytokines other than IL-4 failed to induce the significant IgE synthesis by TMNC cultured in C-IMDM when tested alone. However, IL-2 or IL-6, which was ineffective in inducing IgE production when tested alone, enhanced IL-4-mediated IgE production, indicating - that IL-2 or IL-6 acts synergistically with IL-4. In contrast, IFN- Y . or TGF-J1 demonstrated the inhibition of IL-4 dependent IgE synthesis by TMNC. Interestingly, IL-5, IL-7 and TNF-a had no modulatory effect on the IL-4 dependent IgE response in the applied experimental conditions. Taken together, the present results strongly suggested that 1) C-IMDM may be superior to RPMI-1640 as a culture _medium for IgE production, 2) Only IL-4 had the ability to stimulate in vitro with IgE synthesis by TMNC when tested alone. 3) IL-2 and IL-6 may be synergistic with IL-4 in IgE synthesis, 4) IFN- F and TGF-P may have the antagonistic effects on IL-4 dependent IgE synthesis and 5) IL-5, IL-7 and TNF-a may have no modulatory effects. This study also suggested that increased insight into various mechanisms of IgE regulation by cytokines may eventually lead to improve therapeutic strategies in the clinical management of IgE-mediated allergy.

The Comparisional Analysis of Colostrum Protein between the First and Third Days after Calving using Proteomic Analysis

Woo Tae Ha1,Hyun Jung Park,Won-Young Lee,Ha Yeon Jeong,Hyuk Song 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2017 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.41 No.2

The colostrum proteins are an important energy source for newborns and improves their innate immune system. Recently, there are many interest about beneficial factors in colostrum to health and many products using colostrum are attentive into dietary supplements in global industry. The aim of this study was to compare the enriched proteins between the colostrum from the first and the third day after calving using proteomic analysis and to analyze which enriched protein will be useful to industry of dietary supplements. In this study, cows in the experimental group were fed a standard composition of feed for 12 months, after which we collected the colostrum on the first and the third day after calving. By comparison between the first and the third day colostrum, several factors, including beta-lactoglobulin, fibrinogen gamma-B chain, complement C3, zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein, bP47 protein, beta casein, and alpha-S2 casein were enriched in the third day colostrum, whereas immunoglobulin gamma 1 and beta- casein A2 were enriched in the first day colostrum. The results suggest that the colostrum composition depends on time and the first day colostrum is important to establish the primary specific immune system, whereas the third day colostrum might regulate the non-specific immune system and increase nutrition using casein and the third day colostrum might be useful dietary products for supporting the immune system.

Regeneration of Bovine Mammary Gland in Immunodeficient Mice by Transplantation of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells mixed with Matrigel

Woo Tae Ha1,Hyun Jung Park,Won-Young Lee,Ha Yeon Jeong,Hyuk Song 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2017 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.41 No.2

With the global demand for dairy protein for consumption growing annually, there has been increasing activity in the research field of dairy protein synthesis and production. From a manipulation perspective, it is more difficult to use live cattle for laboratory studies on the production of milk as well as of dairy protein such as casein, as compared with using laboratory animals like rodents. Therefore, we aimed to develop a mouse model of bovine mammary alveolar ducts for laboratory-scale studies. We studied the formation of the bovine mammary gland ductal structure by transplanting the MAC-T bovine alveolar cell line into mice. MAC-T cells (1×107) were suspended in Matrigel and injected into the dorsal tissue of 8-week-old male BALB/C nude mice. Histological analysis of tissue dissected from the MAC-T cell-transplanted mice after 6 weeks showed the typical morphology of the tubuloalveolar female gland, as well as glands made up of branching ducts that were surrounded by smooth muscle with small alveoli budding off the ducts. In addition, the epithelial markers CK14 and CK18 were expressed within the duct-like structure. Prolactin was detected in the duct interior in these CK14+ and CK18+ cells but not in the non-transplanted MAC-T cells. These results showed that duct-like tissue had been successfully formed after 6 weeks of transplantation of the CK14+ and CK18+ MAC-T cells into mice dorsal tissue. This mouse model will be a useful tool for further research on the bovine mammary gland.