Investigation of PCR-RFLPs within Major Histocompatibility Complex B-G Genes Using Two Restriction Enzymes in Eight Breeds of Chinese Indigenous Chickens

R. F. Xu,K. Li,G. H. Chen,B. Y. Z. Qiang,D. L. Mo,B. Fan,C. C. Li,M. Yu,M. J. Zhu,T. A. Xiong,B. Liu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.7

New polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex B-G genes was investigated by amplification and digestion of a 401bp fragment including intron 1 and exon 2 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) technique with two restriction enzymes of Msp I and Tas I in eight breeds of Chinese indigenous chickens and one exotic breed. In the fragment region of the gene, three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected at the two restriction sites. We found the transition of two nucleotides of A294G and T295C occurred at Tas I restriction site, and consequently led to a nonsynonymous substitution of asparagine into serine at position 54 within the deduced amino acid sequence of immunoglobulin variableregion- like domain encoded by the exon 2 of B-G gene. It was observed at rare frequency that a single mutation of A294G occurring at the site, also caused an identical substitution of amino acid, asparagine 54-to-serine, to that we described previously. And the transversion of G319C at Msp I site led to a non-synonymous substitution, glutamine 62-to-histidine. The new alleles and allele frequencies identified by the PCR-RFLP method with the two enzymes were characterized, of which the allele A and B frequencies at Msp I and Tas I loci were given disequilibrium distribution either in the eight Chinese local breeds or in the exotic breed. By comparison, allele A at Msp I locus tended to be dominant, while, the allele B at Tas I locus tended to be dominant in all of the breeds analyzed. In Tibetan chickens, the preliminary association analysis revealed that no significant difference was observed between the different genotypes identified at the Msp I and Tas I loci and the laying performance traits, respectively.

Buckling of axial compressed cylindrical shells with stepwise variable thickness

H.G. Fan,Z.P. Chen,W.Z. Feng,F. Zhou,X.L. Shen,G.W. Cao 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.54 No.1

This paper focuses on an analytical research on the critical buckling load of cylindrical shells with stepwise variable wall thickness under axial compression. An arctan function is established to describe the thickness variation along the axial direction of this kind of cylindrical shells accurately. By using the methods of separation of variables, small parameter perturbation and Fourier series expansion, analytical formulas of the critical buckling load of cylindrical shells with arbitrary axisymmetric thickness variation under axial compression are derived. The analysis is based on the thin shell theory. Analytic results show that the critical buckling load of the uniform shell with constant thickness obtained from this paper is identical with the classical solution. Two important cases of thickness variation pattern are also investigated with these analytical formulas and the results coincide well with those obtained from other authors. The cylindrical shells with stepwise variable wall thickness, which are widely used in actual engineering, are studied by this method and the analytical formulas of critical buckling load under axial compression are obtained. Furthermore, an example is presented to illustrate the effects of each strake’s length and thickness on the critical buckling load.

MODEL-BASED DESIGN OF A VARIABLE NOZZLE TURBOCHARGER CONTROLLER

H. G. ZHANG,E. H. WANG,B. Y. FAN,M. G. OUYANG,S. Z. XIA 한국자동차공학회 2011 International journal of automotive technology Vol.12 No.2

Variable Nozzle Turbocharger (VNT) was invented to solve the problem of matching an ordinary turbocharger with an engine. VNT can harness exhaust energy more efficiently, enhance intake airflow response and reduce engine emissions, especially during transient operating conditions. The difficulty of VNT control lies in how to regulate the position of the nozzle at different engine working conditions. The control strategy designed in this study is a combination of a closedloop feedback controller and an open-loop feed-forward controller. The gain-scheduled proportional-integral-derivative (PID)controller was implemented as the feedback controller to overcome the nonlinear characteristic. As it is difficult to tune the parameters of the gain-scheduled PID controller on an engine test bench, system identification was used to identify the plant model properties at different working points for a WP10 diesel engine on the test bench. The PID controller parameters were calculated based on the identified first-order-plus–dead-time (FOPDT) plant model. The joint simulation of the controller and the plant model was performed in Matlab/Simulink. The time-domain and frequency-domain performances of the entire system were evaluated. The designed VNT control system was verified with engine tests. The results indicated that the real boosting pressure traced the target boosting pressure well at different working conditions.

Buckling of axial compressed cylindrical shells with stepwise variable thickness

Fan, H.G.,Chen, Z.P.,Feng, W.Z.,Zhou, F.,Shen, X.L.,Cao, G.W. Techno-Press 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.54 No.1

This paper focuses on an analytical research on the critical buckling load of cylindrical shells with stepwise variable wall thickness under axial compression. An arctan function is established to describe the thickness variation along the axial direction of this kind of cylindrical shells accurately. By using the methods of separation of variables, small parameter perturbation and Fourier series expansion, analytical formulas of the critical buckling load of cylindrical shells with arbitrary axisymmetric thickness variation under axial compression are derived. The analysis is based on the thin shell theory. Analytic results show that the critical buckling load of the uniform shell with constant thickness obtained from this paper is identical with the classical solution. Two important cases of thickness variation pattern are also investigated with these analytical formulas and the results coincide well with those obtained from other authors. The cylindrical shells with stepwise variable wall thickness, which are widely used in actual engineering, are studied by this method and the analytical formulas of critical buckling load under axial compression are obtained. Furthermore, an example is presented to illustrate the effects of each strake's length and thickness on the critical buckling load.

Elastic and hierarchical porous carbon nanofibrous membranes incorporated with NiFe2O4 nanocrystals for highly efficient capacitive energy storage

Ge, J.,Fan, G.,Si, Y.,He, J.,Kim, H. Y.,Ding, B.,Al-Deyab, S.,El-Newehy, M.,Yu, J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Nanoscale Vol.8 No.4

<P>Flexible membranes created from porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) hold great promise in the next generation wearable energy storage devices, but challenges still remain due to the poor mechanical properties of porous carbon nanofibers. Here, we report a facile strategy to fabricate elastic and hierarchical porous CNF membranes with NiFe2O4 nanocrystals embedded via multicomponent electrospinning and nano-doping methods. Benefiting from the scattering effect of NiFe2O4 nanocrystals and graphitized carbon layers for the condensed stress, the resultant CNF membranes exhibit an enhanced elasticity with a bending radius <12 mu m, rapid recovery from the deformations, and a superior softness. Quantitative pore size distribution and fractal analysis reveal that the CNFs possessed tunable porous structures with a high surface area of 493 m(2) g(-1) and a pore volume of 0.31 cm(3) g(-1). Benefiting from the robust mechanical stability, hierarchical porous structures and good electrochemical properties, the NiFe2O4 doped CNF membranes demonstrate a high electrical capacitance of 343 F g(-1), and good reversibility with a cycling efficiency of 97.4% even after 10 000 cycles. The successful synthesis of elastic porous CNF membranes also provided a versatile platform for the design and development of functional CNF based materials for various applications.</P>

Intramuscular Administration of Zinc Metallothionein to Preslaughter Stressed Pigs Improves Anti-oxidative Status and Pork Quality

Li, L.L.,Hou, Z.P.,Yin, Y.L.,Liu, Y.H.,Hou, D.X.,Zhang, B.,Wu, G.Y.,Kim, S.W.,Fan, M.Z.,Yang, C.B.,Kong, X.F.,Tang, Z.R.,Peng, H.Z.,Deng, D.,Deng, Z.Y.,Xie, M.Y.,Xiong, H.,Kang, P.,Wang, S.X. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.5

This study was conducted to determine the effects of exogenous zinc-metallothionein (Zn-MT) on anti-oxidative function and pork quality. After feeding a corn-soybean meal-based diet for two weeks, 48 pigs ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Chinese\;Black Pig$) were assigned randomly to four groups. Pigs in Group 1 were maintained under non-stress conditions, whereas pigs in Groups 2, 3 and 4 were aggressively handled for 25 min to produce stress. Pigs in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 received intramuscular administration of saline (control group; CON), 0 (negative control group; NCON), 0.8 (low dose group; LOW), and 1.6 (high dose group; HIGH) mg rabbit liver Zn-MT per kg body weight, respectively. Pigs were slaughtered at 3 and 6 h post-injection. Zn-MT treatment increased (p<0.05) the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX) while decreasing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver. These responses were greater (p<0.05) at 6 h than at 3 h post Zn-MT injection. Zn-MT treatment increased (p<0.05) hepatic SOD mRNA levels in a time and dose-dependent manner and decreased (p<0.05) serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities (indicators of tissue integrity). Zn-MT administration decreased (p<0.05) lactate concentration and increased (p<0.05) pH and water-holding capacity in the longissimus thorasis meat. Collectively, our results indicate that intramuscular administration of Zn-MT to pre-slaughter stressed pigs improved tissue anti-oxidative ability and meat quality.

Microstructure and Properties of the Cr–Si–N Coatings Deposited by Combining High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) and Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering

Wang, T. G.,Dong, Y.,Gebrekidan, B. A.,Liu, Y. M.,Fan, Q. X.,Kim, K. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Acta metallurgica sinica Vol.30 No.7

<P>The Cr-Si-N coatings were prepared by combining system of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering and pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The Si content in the coating was adjusted by changing the sputtering power of the Si target. By virtue of electron-probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy, the influence of the Si content on the coating composition, phase constituents, deposition rate, surface morphology and microstructure was investigated systematically. In addition, the change rules of micro-hardness, internal stress, adhesion, friction coefficient and wear rate with increasing Si content were also obtained. In this work, the precipitation of silicon in the coating was found. With increasing Si content, the coating microstructure gradually evolved from continuous columnar to discontinuous columnar and quasi-equiaxed crystals; accordingly, the coating inner stress first declined sharply and then kept almost constant. Both the coating hardness and the friction coefficient have the same change tendency with the increase of the Si content, namely increasing at first and then decreasing. The Cr-Si-N coating presented the highest hardness and average friction coefficient for an Si content of about 9.7 at.%, but the wear resistance decreased slightly due to the high brittleness. The above phenomenon was attributed to a microstructural evolution of the Cr-Si-N coatings induced by the silicon addition.</P>

Predictive Modeling of Outcomes After Traumatic and Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury Using Machine Learning: Review of Current Progress and Future Directions

Omar Khan,Jetan H. Badhiwala,Jamie R.F. Wilson,Fan Jiang,Allan R. Martin,Michael G. Fehlings 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.4

Machine learning represents a promising frontier in epidemiological research on spine surgery. It consists of a series of algorithms that determines relationships between data. Machine learning maintains numerous advantages over conventional regression techniques, such as a reduced requirement for a priori knowledge on predictors and better ability to manage large datasets. Current studies have made extensive strides in employing machine learning to a greater capacity in spinal cord injury (SCI). Analyses using machine learning algorithms have been done on both traumatic SCI and nontraumatic SCI, the latter of which typically represents degenerative spine disease resulting in spinal cord compression, such as degenerative cervical myelopathy. This article is a literature review of current studies published in traumatic and nontraumatic SCI that employ machine learning for the prediction of a host of outcomes. The studies described utilize machine learning in a variety of capacities, including imaging analysis and prediction in large epidemiological data sets. We discuss the performance of these machine learning-based clinical prognostic models relative to conventional statistical prediction models. Finally, we detail the future steps needed for machine learning to become a more common modality for statistical analysis in SCI.

An Experimental Method for Determining Ductile Tearing Energy of Thin Metal Sheets

Wang, B .,Lu, G .,Fan, H . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.3

This paper presents a few typical experimental methods for determining the value of tearing energy under a simple plane stress condition and proposes a novel one for it. In this method, several unixaial tensile tests were conducted with test specimens of various lengths. It was assumed that, for each test, the total energy required to tear the specimen can be decomposed into two parts: one associated with tearing (including the plastic deformation in the vicinity of torn cross section) and the other with the plastic deformation over the whole working volume of the specimen. Consequently, when plotting the total energy divided by the specimen width and thickness against the working length of the specimen, a straight line was obtained. The intercept of this line gives the value of tearing energy, corresponding to a zero length specimen. For mild steel, this value was found to be 1520 kJ/㎡. Comparisons were made between the present result and those by other test methods.

In-situ characterization of interfacial shear strength in multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composites

Zhou, W.,Yamamoto, G.,Fan, Y.,Kwon, H.,Hashida, T.,Kawasaki, A. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Carbon Vol.106 No.-

<P>Quantitative characterization of interfacial shear strength (IFSS), in multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced Al matrix composites, has been carried out using an in-situ pull-out technique. The end of an MWCNT protruding out of the tensile fracture surface of the composite was bonded to the tip of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever using an electron-beam-induced deposition method. The MWCNT was pulled out from the Al matrix using a nanomanipulator system installed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effective embedded length of the MWCNT incorporated in the Al matrix was evaluated by observing the pulled out MWCNT under high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Valid results were obtained for six MWCNTs with straight, visibly damage-free embedded parts nearly perpendicular to the fracture surface. The IFSS between the MWCNT and the Al matrix was 24.8 +/- 3.2 MPa. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the MWCNT/Al composites is in good agreement with that estimated by the shear lag model using these IFSS values, resulting in the realization of 60% load transfer efficiency at the directly contacted MWCNT-Al interface in the MWCNT/Al composites. No MWCNT failure was observed during the pullout in this study. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>