Comparative Study on Time Averaged Wave Drifting Force

Frank Lin,Nigel White,Mohammad Hajiarab,Jun-Bum Park 대한조선학회 2011 대한조선학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2011 No.11

With the evolution of technology, newly built ships become larger in size, and the second order hydrodynamics starts playing its role. The added wave resistance for a large vessel and longitudinal and horizontal drifting force on a FPSO are well known examples. In this paper a direct pressure integration method is presented and applied to a few comparative studies. First the results of longitudinal drifting force in short regular incident waves are compared with the experiments. Another case is for a FPSO in which the mean wave drifting forces for a number of wave conditions obtained from WAVELOAD are compared with the same AQWA model. Finally vertical and lateral wave drifting forces for a two-ship interaction model is analyzed and compared with the experimental data. The advantage and disadvantage of the direct pressure integration method is addressed and some key factors in computation of drifting force with the presented method are discussed.

Extreme wind speeds from multiple wind hazards excluding tropical cyclones

Franklin T. Lombardo 한국풍공학회 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.5

The estimation of wind speed values used in codes and standards is an integral part of the wind load evaluation process. In a number of codes and standards, wind speeds outside of tropical cyclone prone regions are estimated using a single probability distribution developed from observed wind speed data, with no distinction made between the types of causal wind hazard (e.g., thunderstorm). Non-tropical cyclone wind hazards (i.e., thunderstorm, non-thunderstorm) have been shown to possess different probability distributions and estimation of non-tropical cyclone wind speeds based on a single probability distribution has been shown to underestimate wind speeds. Current treatment of non-tropical cyclone wind hazards in worldwide codes and standards is touched upon in this work. Meteorological data is available at a considerable number of United States (U.S.) stations that have information on wind speed as well as the type of causal wind hazard. In this paper, probability distributions are fit to distinct storm types (i.e., thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm) and the results of these distributions are compared to fitting a single probability distribution to all data regardless of storm type (i.e., co-mingled). Distributions fitted to data separated by storm type and co-mingled data will also be compared to a derived (i.e., "mixed") probability distribution considering multiple storm types independently. This paper will analyze two extreme value distributions (e.g., Gumbel, generalized Pareto). It is shown that mixed probability distribution, on average, is a more conservative measure for extreme wind speed estimation. Using a mixed distribution is especially conservative in situations where a given wind speed value for either storm type has a similar probability of occurrence, and/or when a less frequent storm type produces the highest overall wind speeds. U.S. areas prone to multiple non-tropical cyclone wind hazards are identified.

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on germination and initial growth ofCinchona officinalisL. (Rubiaceae)

Franklin Hitler Fernandez-Zarate,Annick Estefany Huaccha-Castillo,Lenin Qui~nones-Huatangari,Segundo Primitivo Vaca-Marquina,Tito Sanchez-Santillan,Eli Morales-Rojas,Alejandro Seminario-Cunya,Marly Gu 한국산림과학회 2022 Forest Science And Technology Vol.18 No.4

Cinchona officinalis, known locally as cascarilla or cinchona, is a plant species native to SouthAmerica. It was used as a source of quinine to combat malaria in the 17th century. The spe-cies is threatened by various anthropogenic activities. Further, the propagation of the spe-cies depends on seed dispersal and its germination capacity. Therefore, it is necessary toconserve and propagate this species. BecauseC. officinalisseeds have a low germinationcapacity, we determined the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on their germination andgrowth. A randomized design was employed with two treatments, one treated with mycor-rhizae (CM) and another without mycorrhizae (SM). For each treatment, three replicates of100 seeds were used. Germination, growth, and fungal characteristics were evaluated. In ger-mination parameters, the CM treatment showed better performance, but the improvementwas statistically insignificant. However, the application of AM significantly improved seedlingheight (cm), root length (cm), leaf area (cm2), and root number by 53.52, 28.72, 29.73, and61.66%, respectively. Likewise, mycorrhization intensity (%), mycorrhization frequency (%),and extraradical mycelium length (cm) in the CM treatment were 37.13, 3.44, and 174.97%higher compared to the SM treatment, respectively. Therefore, the use of AM fungi provesto be advantageous in the propagation ofC. officinalis, and these results provide a basis forthe largescale and sustainable propagation of this species.

Novel Specific Repeat Detected by FISH on the Pericentromere Regions of Chromosomes in B-subgenome of Brassica juncea

Franklin H. Mancia,Jung Sun Kim,Sin-Gi Park,Chang Pyo Hong,Ki-Byung Lim,Yoon-Jung Hwang 한국원예학회 2020 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2020 No.11

Titanium-modified MCM-41 molecular sieves as efficient supports to increase the hydrogenation abilities of NiMoS and CoMoS catalysts

Franklin J. Méndez,Roylena Vargas,Joel Blanco,Yahsé Rojas-Challa,Ernesto Bastardo-González,Jorge A. García-Macedo,Esneyder Puello-Polo,Joaquín L. Brito 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.95 No.-

Ti modified MCM-41-supported NiMo and CoMo catalysts and their respective Ti free reference catalystswere prepared, characterized, and tested for the hydrodesulfurization reactions. The samples weresynthesized by well-known procedures, such as liquid crystal templating and successive impregnationmethod for the supports and catalysts, respectively. Ti precursor was directly incorporated into themicellar solution before adding the silica precursor at different molar Si/Ti ratios (x = 75 and 50). Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 29Si-nuclear magnetic resonance, small- and wide-angle Xraydiffraction, and nitrogen physisorption were used as characterization techniques. Four sulfidedcatalysts were also characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The catalystsshowed important increases in the reaction rates during both thiophene and dibenzothiophenehydrodesulfurization when the support was structurally modified with Ti-atoms. The samples supportedon Ti-MCM-41(75) presented a higher activity than those supported on Ti-MCM-41(50), and they weresuperior to their respective Si-MCM-41-supported NiMoS and CoMoS catalysts, even NiMoTiM75 andCoMoTiM75 catalysts presented better performance compared to the conventional NiMo/Al2O3 andCoMo/Al2O3 catalysts in the DBT hydrodesulfurization. Ti incorporation also enhanced the selectivities tothe hydrogenated products, which could be beneficial to destabilize refractory S-containing molecules.

Wicked Officials and Virtuous Martyrs

Franklin Rausch(프랭클린 라우시) 한국교회사연구소 2009 敎會史硏究 Vol.0 No.32

내러티브는 권력의 도구이다. 제임스 스캇은《저항과 지배의 기술》이라는 연구서를 통해 권력을 가진 사람들의 내러티브와 지배를 받는 사람들의 내러티브가 갖는 구조를 분석하였다. 스캇은 권력자는 ‘공적 담론’이라고 부를 수 있는 자신의 내러티브를 만들어 지배를 정당화한다고 지적하였다. 이와 달리 지배를 받는 사람들은 그와 다른 자신들만의 내러티브를 만든다고 하였다. 지배받는 사람이 만든 내러티브에는 사회적 약자들의 사고방식과 행동특성 등이 담겨 있으며, 이처럼 지배받는 사람의 내러티브는 ‘비공식 담론’이라고 표현하였다. 그런데 지배받는 사람의 내러티브는 그 당시에 공적인 담론과 달리 비밀스러운 것이어야 하는 법이다. 왜냐하면 피지배자의 입장에 서 있는 비공식 담론이 공적으로 드러나면 결국 권력자들에 의해서 그것은 억압?변질되기 마련이기 때문이다. 그러므로 역사가의 연구에 있어 비공식 담론에 속하는 자료를 발견하기는 매우 어려운 일이다. 역사 안에 살아 숨쉬던 약자의 생활과 사상을 파악하는 작업에 비공식 담론이 갖는 의미는 두말할 나위도 없이 매우 중요하다. 하지만 공적 담론과 일정한 거리를 갖는 비공식 담론을 발견하기란 여간 어려운 일이 아닌 것이다. 조선시대에 양반은 정치권력을 가지고 지배세력으로 존재하면서 그 지배구조에 저항하는 도전은 잘 다스려 나갔다. 이와 같은 구조가 안정적으로 지속된 사회에서 지배구조에서 벗어나는 비공식 담론을 발견하기는 매우 어려운 일이다. 그런데 다행히도 황사영 백서라는 비공식 담론이 존재하고 있다. 여기에는 조선의 지배구조에서 통용되는 공적 담론과는 전혀 다른 피지배자들의 비공식 담론이 드러나 있다. 조선시대에 천주교 신자는 피지배자이며 사회적 약자였다. 그들은 정부의 박해를 피해 몸을 숨겨야 했다. 그러나 신유박해라는 거센 박해의 회오리바람에서 벗어나는 일은 거의 불가능했다. 사정이 이렇게 되자 황사영은 북경 주교에게 도움을 받기 위하여 “백서”를 썼다. “백서”는 비밀스러운 서한이었기 때문에 황사영이 자유롭게 자신의 이야기를 써 내려간 글이다. 따라서 이를 비공식 담론이라고 표현할 수 있다. “백서”에서 황사영은 순교하는 천주교 신자에 관해서 이야기하였다. 이 이야기에 따르면 ‘사악한 관료’가 미움이나 복수 등의 이기적인 이유 때문에 순진하고 덕이 있는 천주교 신자를 학살한다는 것이다. 황사영은 이 비공식 담론에서 순교자의 행동과 말, 그리고 그들의 죽음을 승리로 묘사하고 천주교의 교리가 진리라고 단언한다. 이와 같은 박해받는 사람의 비공식 담론과 정부의 공적 담론은 매우 커다란 차이가 있다. 정부의 공적 담론은 천주교 신자는 사악한 술법을 따르는 짐승과 같은 무리이므로 죽어야 한다는 것이다. 황사영은 이와 전혀 다른 내러티브로 정부에 도전하였다. 더구나 황사영이 신앙의 자유를 얻기 위하여 서양의 대박과 육군을 조선에 오게 해달라는 요청은 성리학에 기초한 정부에 도전한 것이었다. 하느님과 교황에 호소한 것은 곧 ‘사악한 관료’에게 저항한 것뿐만이 아니라 성리학에도 도전한 것이었다. 황사영의 비공식 담론에는 천주교를 위하여 정부에 저항하는 것이 정의라는 주장을 담고 있다. 하지만 황사영이 조선 정부 자체를 부정한 것은 아니었다. 전통적인 유교의 ‘충’의 의미를 천주교 신앙 안에서 새롭게 적용한 것이며, 그렇게 변한 ‘충’의 의미를 비공식 담론에 담았다. 이와 같은 황사영의 “백서”를 통하여 조선시대 약자의 숨겨진 생각을 볼 수 있다. 이 때문에 “백서”는 아주 중요한 역사적 자료이다. 조선시대 천주교 신자는 그 오랜 기간의 극심한 박해를 견뎌내야만 했다. 물론 많은 신자들이 비공식 담론이 담긴 “백서”를 직접 본 것은 아니었다. 그러나 “백서”에 나타난 천주교 신자들의 비공식 담론을 통해 사회적 약자이며 피지배자이던 순교자의 마음을 더욱 가까이 접해볼 수 있다. 그것은 조선 사회에서 ‘사악한 관료’의 박해를 견디어 내는 ‘고결한 순교자’의 숨겨진 담론이었던 것이다. 그 숨겨진 비공식 담론은 그들이 박해를 견디어내는 힘이었으리라고 본다.

Deep Borehole Disposal of Nuclear Wastes: Opportunities and Challenges

Franklin W. Schwartz,김용제,채병곤 한국방사성폐기물학회 2017 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The concept of deep borehole disposal (DBD) for high-level nuclear wastes has been around for about 40 years. Now, the Department of Energy (DOE) in the United States (U.S.) is re-examining this concept through recent studies at Sandia National Laboratory and a field test. With DBD, nuclear waste will be emplaced in boreholes at depths of 3 to 5 km in crystalline basement rocks. Thinking is that these settings will provide nearly intact rock and fluid density stratification, which together should act as a robust geologic barrier, requiring only minimal performance from the engineered components. The Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (NWTRB) has raised concerns that the deep subsurface is more complicated, leading to science, engineering, and safety issues. However, given time and resources, DBD will evolve substantially in the ability to drill deep holes and make measurements there. A leap forward in technology for drilling could lead to other exciting geological applications. Possible innovations might include deep robotic mining, deep energy production, or crustal sequestration of CO2, and new ideas for nuclear waste disposal. Novel technologies could be explored by Korean geologists through simple proof-of-concept experiments and technology demonstrations.

Cytogenetic Mapping of Carthamus tinctorius L. with Tandemly Repeated DNA Sequences by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization

Franklin Hinosa Mancia,주윤하,임기병,김정선,남상용,황윤정 한국자원식물학회 2017 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotype analysis was created using repetitive sequences including two types of rDNA repeats (45S and 5S rDNAs) and Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence repeats. The somatic metaphase cells of Carthamus tinctorius were observed as diploids (2n=2x=24). A symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical karyotype with seven pairs of metacentric and five pairs of submetacentric chromosomes was observed. The lengths of the somatic metaphase chromosomes ranged from 4.18 to 6.53 ㎛, with a total length of 60.71 ㎛. One locus of 45S rDNA was located on the pericentromeric regions of three pairs of chromosomes and the other pair was situated on the terminal regions of the short arms of a single pair of chromosomes. One locus of 5S rDNA was detected on the interstitial regions of the short arms of two pairs of chromosomes. Arabidopsis-type telomeric repeats were detected on the terminal regions of all pairs of chromosomes. Co-localization of loci between telomeric repeats and 45S rDNA was observed in a single pair of chromosomes. The results provide additional information for the existing physical mapping project of C. tinctorius and will also serve as a benchmark to a more intricate cytogenetic investigation of C. tinctorius and its related species.

PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) regulates auxin biosynthesis at high temperature

Franklin, K.A.,Lee, S.H.,Patel, D.,Kumar, S.V.,Spartz, A.K.,Gu, C.,Ye, S.,Yu, P.,Breen, G.,Cohen, J.D. National Academy of Sciences 2011 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.108 No.50

A History of the Korean Catholic Church : ed. by Han’guk Kyohoesa Yŏn’guso (review)

FRANKLIN RAUSCH 서강대학교 종교연구소 2014 Journal of Korean Religions Vol.5 No.1