T-Type Calcium Channels Are Required to Maintain Viability of Neural Progenitor Cells

Kim, Ji-Woon,Oh, Hyun Ah,Lee, Sung Hoon,Kim, Ki Chan,Eun, Pyung Hwa,Ko, Mee Jung,Gonzales, Edson Luck T.,Seung, Hana,Kim, Seonmin,Bahn, Geon Ho,Shin, Chan Young The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.5

T-type calcium channels are low voltage-activated calcium channels that evoke small and transient calcium currents. Recently, T-type calcium channels have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and neural tube defects. However, their function during embryonic development is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function and expression of T-type calcium channels in embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs). First, we compared the expression of T-type calcium channel subtypes (CaV3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) in NPCs and differentiated neural cells (neurons and astrocytes). We detected all subtypes in neurons but not in astrocytes. In NPCs, CaV3.1 was the dominant subtype, whereas CaV3.2 was weakly expressed, and CaV3.3 was not detected. Next, we determined CaV3.1 expression levels in the cortex during early brain development. Expression levels of CaV3.1 in the embryonic period were transiently decreased during the perinatal period and increased at postnatal day 11. We then pharmacologically blocked T-type calcium channels to determine the effects in neuronal cells. The blockade of T-type calcium channels reduced cell viability, and induced apoptotic cell death in NPCs but not in differentiated astrocytes. Furthermore, blocking T-type calcium channels rapidly reduced AKT-phosphorylation (Ser473) and $GSK3{\beta}$-phosphorylation (Ser9). Our results suggest that T-type calcium channels play essential roles in maintaining NPC viability, and T-type calcium channel blockers are toxic to embryonic neural cells, and may potentially be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders.

T-Type Calcium Channels Are Required to Maintain Viability of Neural Progenitor Cells

( Ji-woon Kim ),( Hyun Ah Oh ),( Sung Hoon Lee ),( Ki Chan Kim ),( Pyung Hwa Eun ),( Mee Jung Ko ),( Edson Luck T. Gonzales ),( Hana Seung ),( Seonmin Kim ),( Geon Ho Bahn ),( Chan Young Shin ) 한국응용약물학회 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.5

T-type calcium channels are low voltage-activated calcium channels that evoke small and transient calcium currents. Recently, T-type calcium channels have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and neural tube defects. However, their function during embryonic development is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function and expression of T-type calcium channels in embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs). First, we compared the expression of T-type calcium channel subtypes (CaV3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) in NPCs and differentiated neural cells (neurons and astrocytes). We detected all subtypes in neurons but not in astrocytes. In NPCs, CaV3.1 was the dominant subtype, whereas CaV3.2 was weakly expressed, and CaV3.3 was not detected. Next, we determined CaV3.1 expression levels in the cortex during early brain development. Expression levels of CaV3.1 in the embryonic period were transiently decreased during the perinatal period and increased at postnatal day 11. We then pharmacologically blocked T-type calcium channels to determine the effects in neuronal cells. The blockade of T-type calcium channels reduced cell viability, and induced apoptotic cell death in NPCs but not in differentiated astrocytes. Furthermore, blocking T-type calcium channels rapidly reduced AKT-phosphorylation (Ser473) and GSK3β-phosphorylation (Ser9). Our results suggest that T-type calcium channels play essential roles in maintaining NPC viability, and T-type calcium channel blockers are toxic to embryonic neural cells, and may potentially be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Comparison between dental and basal arch forms in normal occlusion and Class III malocclusions utilizing cone-beam computed tomography

Kyung Eun Suk,Jae Hyun Park,Mohamed Bayome,Young-Ok Nam,Glenn T. Sameshima,Yoon-Ah Kook 대한치과교정학회 2013 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the mandibular dental and basal arch forms in subjects with normal occlusion and compare them with those of Class III malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 32 normal occlusion (19 males, 13 females; 24.3 years) and 33 Class III malocclusion subjects (20 males, 13 females, 22.2 years) were selected. Facial axis and root center points were identified from the left to right mandibular first molars. Distances between the facial axis and root center points for each tooth were calculated, and 4 linear and 2 ratio variables were measured and calculated for each arch form. The variables were compared between groups by independent t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to assess the relationships between dental and basal variables within each group. Results: The mandibular dental and basal intercanine widths were significantly greater in the Class III group than in normal occlusion subjects (p < 0.05). The dental and basal intercanine widths as well as the dental and basal intermolar widths were strongly correlated in normal occlusion and moderately correlated in Class III malocclusion. Conclusions: The dental arch form demon strated a strong positive correlation with the basal arch form in the normal occlusion group and moderate correlation in the Class III malocclusion group. These results might be helpful for clinicians to have a better understanding of the importance of basal arch form in the alveolar bone.

A Sensitive and Simplified HPLC Analysis for the Determination of Fluconazol in Human Plasma

Kim, Eun-J.,Lee, Hye-S.,Zee, Ok-P.,Lee, Sung-T. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1988 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.11 No.3

A sensitive and simplified HPLC assay of fluconazol is described. The calibration curve of fluconazol in plasma ranging $0-10\;{\mu}g/ml$ was linear with the correlation coefficients of 0.9900. The limit of detection was $0.3\;{\mu}g/ml$. The average recovery of the drug was $89.1\;{\pm}\;9.05%$. After oral administration of single dose(150mg) of fluconazol in man, $C_{max}\;and\;T_{max$ were $3\;{mu}g/ml$ and 4hr., respectively.

Comparison between dental and basal arch forms in normal occlusion and Class III malocclusions utilizing cone-beam computed tomography

Suk, Kyung Eun,Park, Jae Hyun,Bayome, Mohamed,Nam, Young-Ok,Sameshima, Glenn T.,Kook, Yoon-Ah The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2013 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the mandibular dental and basal arch forms in subjects with normal occlusion and compare them with those of Class III malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 32 normal occlusion (19 males, 13 females; 24.3 years) and 33 Class III malocclusion subjects (20 males, 13 females, 22.2 years) were selected. Facial axis and root center points were identified from the left to right mandibular first molars. Distances between the facial axis and root center points for each tooth were calculated, and 4 linear and 2 ratio variables were measured and calculated for each arch form. The variables were compared between groups by independent t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to assess the relationships between dental and basal variables within each group. Results: The mandibular dental and basal intercanine widths were significantly greater in the Class III group than in normal occlusion subjects (p < 0.05). The dental and basal intercanine widths as well as the dental and basal intermolar widths were strongly correlated in normal occlusion and moderately correlated in Class III malocclusion. Conclusions: The dental arch form demon strated a strong positive correlation with the basal arch form in the normal occlusion group and moderate correlation in the Class III malocclusion group. These results might be helpful for clinicians to have a better understanding of the importance of basal arch form in the alveolar bone.

Polymer Nanomicelles for Efficient Mucus Delivery and Antigen‐Specific High Mucosal Immunity

Noh, Young‐,Woock,Hong, Ji Hyun,Shim, Sang‐,Mu,Park, Hye Sun,Bae, Hee Ho,Ryu, Eun Kyoung,Hwang, Jung Hwan,Lee, Chul‐,Ho,Cho, Seong Hun,Sung, Moon‐,Hee,Poo, Haryoung,Lim, Yong T WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Angewandte Chemie Vol.125 No.30

<P><B>Micellen für die Schleimhautimmunität</B>: Ein mukosales Impfsystem wurde hergestellt, das auf γ‐PGA‐Nanomicellen und viralen Antigenen basiert. Die intranasale Verabreichung des Impfsystems löst eine starke Immunreaktion der humoralen sowie der zellulären Immunität aus (siehe Bild).</P>

Conserved sequences of thrombospondin‐related adhesive protein gene of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> in clinical isolates from Korea

Nam, Myung H.,Jang, Jin W.,Kim, Hanna,Han, Eun T.,Lee, Won J.,An, Seong S. A.,Park, Ae S. D.,Lim, Chae S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Tropical medicine & international health Vol.16 No.8

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Thrombospondin‐related adhesive protein (TRAP) from <I>Plasmodium vivax</I> (<I>P.?vivax</I>) became one of the important vaccine candidates for malaria, because <I>P.?vivax</I> TRAP (PvTRAP) is responsible for the sporozoite–host interactions. PvTRAP polymorphisms in the isolates from Republic of Korea (ROK) were analysed, setting the valuable baseline data for the future vaccine developments and clinical trials with PvTRAP, as a strong vaccine candidate. A total of 54 isolates were collected in 2010. PvTRAP genes from above isolates were amplified and sequenced, and the results were analysed and compared against Sal‐1 strain. Sequencing analysis of 1424‐bp‐size PvTRAP PCR products revealed one major allelic type with six non‐synonymous substitutions, where S81T, E95D, I121V and T127R substitutions were found in region II, and K371N and A425E substitutions from region IV. The ROK isolates revealed the limited sequence polymorphisms in PvTRAP in comparison with the reported isolates from other nations.</P>

In silico Analysis and Expression Patterns of TmLysozyme-like Gene in Tenebrio molitor

( Bo Bae Kim ),( Ki Boem Park ),( Hye Jin Ko ),( Chang Eun Kim ),( Young Min Bae ),( Tariku T. Edosa ),( Woo Jin Jung ),( Yeon Soo Han ),( Yong Hun Jo ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2018 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Lysozyme, the antibacterial protein, is well known to hydrolyse the bacterial cell wall component (peptidoglycan) in insects. In this study, we identified one lysozyme-like (TmLyso-like) gene from Tenebrio molitor EST database, and investigated gene structure and temporal/spatial expression patterns of TmLyso-like transcripts in T. molitor. TmLyso-like gene contains 417 bp of ORF sequence encoding 138 amino acid residues. Domain analysis showed a signal peptide region, and a C-type lysozyme/α-lactalbumin family domain. It also contains conserved eight cysteine residues which are involved in construction of 3D structure. Developmental expression analysis indicates that TmLyso-like mRNA is highly expressed in the young larvae (10^th-12^th instar larvae), 1 and 3-days old pupae and adults. Interestingly, TmLyso-like mRNA was mainly expressed in fat body and Malpighian tubules in late instar larvae, and integument, hemocytes and Malpighian tubules in 5-days old adults. Induction pattern analysis of TmLyso-like mRNA against microbial challenges showed that TmLyso-like mRNA was strongly induced by Escherichia coli at 3 and 12 h-post injection in fat body. In addition, the highest level of TmLyso-like mRNA was detected in early time point after injection of three different pathogens (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) in the hemocytes. However, it was not strongly induced by injection of these pathogens in the gut. In conclusion, TmLyso-like gene might play a role in innate immunity in T. molitor although precise function remains to be elucidated using recombinant TmLyso-like protein.

$MgB_2$ 초전도 박막의 홀 전도도의 온도 의존성

정순길,성원경,허지영,이태경,강원남,최은미,김형진,이성익,Jung, Soon-Gil,Seong, W.K.,Huh, Ji-Young,Lee, T.G.,Kang, W.N.,Choi, Eun-Mi,Kim, Hyeong-Jin,Lee, Sung-Ik 한국초전도학회 2007 Progress in superconductivity Vol.8 No.2

We have measured the Hall conductivity (${\sigma}_{xy}$) of c-axis-oriented $MgB_2$ thin films as functions of temperatures and magnetic fields. We found that the Hall conductivity (${\sigma}_{xy}$) is expressed by the sum of two terms, ${\sigma}_{xy}=C_l/H+C_3H$, where the coefficient $C_1\;and\;C_3$ are independent of the magnetic fields and have positive values. The coefficient $C_1$ is strongly dependent on the temperature, while the $C_3$ is weakly dependent on the temperature. We have obtained that the $C_1$ is proportional to $(1- T/T_c)^n$ with n = 4.2, which is consistent with the data observed in $La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4$ superconductors with low anisotropy ratio.

의약분업 실시 전ㆍ후 영도지역 주민의 약국 및 의료기관 의료이용 양상 변화 분석

南銀祐,朴宰成,M. Nishigaki,T. Hamai 고신대학교 영도발전연구소 2000 영도연구 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of the separation of prescribing and dispensing in Korea and to find how civilians' usage behaviors on medical institutes such as hospital, clinics, drugstore, and community health center are changed due to the policy. To examine the differences of usage behaviors, this study used a before-after design. Using self-administered questionnaires, this study performed survey from June 26 to August 1, 2000. Chi-square test and generalized logit model was utilized in each observation period. Based on the results of each observation period, this study evaluated the effects of the policy. On the basic finings, most civilians did not agree to the separation policy regardless of both observation periods. However, after the separation, civilians' behaviors seemed to be modified as the policy maker had intended. Most of civilians purchased their drugs from pharmacists after receiving physicians' prescriptions. Specifically, males and elder persons had the exactly same behaviors as the intended utilization behaviors. All study subjects agreed to the basic purpose of the policy for the purpose of the reduction of drug abuse and misuses. The implications of this study are two fold: First, how civilians' short-term inconvenience caused by the policy should be alleviated without interrupting well-established usage patterns. Second, a special attention to the elderly is needed.