Skin entrance dose for digital and film radiography in Korean dental schools

Cho, Eun-Sang,Choi, Kun-Ho,Kim, Min-Gyu,Lim, Hoi-Jeong,Yoon, Suk-Ja,,Kang, Byung-Cheol 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

Purpose : This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods : Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results : The median dose was 491.2 μGy for digital radiography and 1,205.0 μGy for film radiography. The skin entrance dose digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion : Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.

Alcohol extract of Geum Chung Cho alleviates alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment in gerbils

Han-Sam Cho,Tae-Woon Kim,Sang-Seo Park,Mal-Soon Shin,Jae-Min Lee,Eun-Sang Ji,Chang-Ju Kim 한국운동재활학회 2015 한국운동재활학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Chronic ethanol consumption leads to memory impairment and also induces brain damage. The hippocampus has been particularly regarded as a possible target organ of alcoholic intoxication, since this structure plays a prominent function in memory processes. Cordyceps has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for a long time. Different types of Cordyceps extract were reported to have various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune modulatory effects. Guem Chung Cho is an artificial cultivated Cordyceps, and was supplied from GCordy (Seoul, Korea). Ethanol extract of Cordycep (50 g) was made by rotary evaporate, and resulting powder 8.29 g was obtained (yield 17%). In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Geum Chung Cho on short-term memory, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of ethanol-treated gerbils. The gerbils were divided into 5 groups (n = 10 in each group): Control group, alcohol-treated group, alcohol-treated and 0.001 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, alcohol-treated and 0.01 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group, and alcohol-treated and 0.1 mg/kg Geum Chung Cho-applied group. Gerbils in the alcohol-treated groups were orally administered ethanol (1 g/kg) once a day for 2 weeks. Gerbils in the Guem Chung Cho-applied groups were orally administered Guem Chung Cho extract at each dosage 1 hour before ethanol consumption. Our results revealed that consumption of alcohol for 2 weeks deteriorated short-term memory, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation, and reduced expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB). However, Guem Chung Cho treatment alleviated alcohol-induced short-term memory impairment through enhancing cell proliferation and BDNF expression with inhibiting apoptosis in the hippocampus. Guem Chung Cho showed maximum effects at 0.1 mg/kg. Based on these results, alcohol extract of Guem Chung Cho may provide therapeutic value for the treatment of chronic alcohol-inducted brain injury. This study was supported by GCordy company.

QoS Support Extended SIP-based Network Architecture and Session Management Methods

Eunㅡhee Cho,Kang-Sik Shin,Sang-Jo Yoo 대한전자공학회 2005 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2005 No.4

Three-Dimensional Porous Collagen/Chitosan Complex Sponge for Tissue Engineering

Kim, Sung Eun,Cho, Yong Woo,Kang, Eun Jung,Kwon, Ick Chan,Lee, Eunhee Bae,Kim, Jung Hyun,Chung, Hesson,Jeong, Seo Young The Korean Fiber Society 2001 Fibers and polymers Vol.2 No.2

A three-dimensional, porous collagen/chitosan complex sponge was prepared to closely simulate basic extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes, collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The complex sponge was prepared by a lyophilization method and had the regular network with highly porous structure, suitable for cell adhesion and growth. The pores were well interconnected, and their distribution was fairly homogeneous. The complex sponge was crosslinked using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to increase its boilogical stability and enhance its mechanical properties. The crosslinking medium has a great effect on the inner structure of the sponge. The homogeneous, porous structure of the sponge was remarkably collapsed in an aqueous crosslinking medium. However, the morphology of the sponge remained almost intact in a water/ethanol mixture crosslinking milieu. Mechanical properties of the collagen/chitosan sponge were significantly enhanced by EDC-mediated crosslinking. The potential of the sponge as a scaffold for tissue engineering was investigated using a Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO-K1) line.

Efficient Interleukin-21 Production by Optimization of Codon and Signal Peptide in Chinese Hamster Ovarian Cells

( Hee Jun Cho ),( Byung Moo Oh ),( Jong-tae Kim ),( Jeewon Lim ),( Sang Yoon Park ),( Yo Sep Hwang ),( Kyoung Eun Baek ),( Bo-yeon Kim ),( Inpyo Choi ),( Hee Gu Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.2

Interleukin-21 is a common γ-chain cytokine that controls the immune responses of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Targeting IL-21 to strengthen the immune system is promising for the development of vaccines as well as anti-infection and anti-tumor therapies. However, the practical application of IL-21 is limited by the high production cost. In this study, we improved IL-21 production by codon optimization and selection of appropriate signal peptide in CHO-K1 cells. Codon-optimized or non-optimized human IL-21 was stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells. IL-21 expression was 10-fold higher for codon-optimized than non-optimized IL-21. We fused five different signal peptides to codon-optimized mature IL-21 and evaluated their effect on IL-21 production. The best result (a 3-fold increase) was obtained using a signal peptide derived from human azurocidin. Furthermore, codon-optimized IL-21 containing the azurocidin signal peptide promoted IFN-γ secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in NK-92 cells similar to codon-optimized IL-21 containing original signal peptide. Collectively, these results indicate that codon optimization and azurocidin signal peptides provide an efficient approach for the high-level production of IL-21 as a biopharmaceutical.

On Sloppy-Like Interpretation of Null Arguments

( Hee Don Ahn ),( Sung Eun Cho ) 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2011 언어연구 Vol.28 No.3

This paper aims to show that what are considered to be apparent sloppy readings in the null argument construction in Korean and Japanese are well accounted for under Ahn & Cho`s (2009, 2010, 2011b,c) pro analysis. The environments where such readings arise are categorized into five types. First, the antecedent noun includes either a reflexive possessor or a numeral quantifier. Second, the antecedent noun is a universal quantifier. Third, the antecedent noun includes a reflexive possessor and it denotes plural entities. Fourth, the antecedent is a negative polarity item. Fifth, the antecedent itself is a reflexive pronoun. By exploring these five cases, we show how far the possible interpretation of pro is stretched. We also show that our pro analysis is conceptually superior to the one that assumes an additional parameter plus pro drop parameter such as the agreement parameter that correlates with the presence or absence of DP ellipsis.

On the Nature of Zero Realization of Arguments: A Reply to Lee (2011)

( Hee Don Ahn ),( Sung Eun Cho ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2012 언어연구 Vol.29 No.1

Akin, flee-Don & Cho, Sungeun 2012, On the Nature of Zero Realization of Arguments: A Reply to Lee (2011). Linguistic Research 29(1), 1-20. This paper aims to show how well Ahn & Cho`s (2009, 2010. 2011 b c) pro analysis accounts for various interpretations the null argument constructions have. By exploring the cases Lee (2011) points out, we show how far the possible interpretation of pro is stretched. More specifically, our analysis accounts for polarity mismatch examples without postulating additional device like partial feature copying. We further show that our pro analysis is conceptually as well as empirically superior to the DP ellipsis advocated in Lee (2011).

설화그림카드를 활용한 자기성장 집단 문학치료 프로그램 사례연구 : <해와 달>그림카드를 중심으로

배진형(Bae, Jin Hyoung),조은상(Cho, Eun Sang) 한국독서치료학회 2020 독서치료연구 Vol.12 No.2

이 연구에서는 자기성장을 원하는 참여자들이 설화 <해와 달이 된 오누이>와 <해와 달이 된 오누이>설화 그림카드를 활용한 ‘다시쓰기’ 활동을 하고, 이를 집단 문학치료프로그램에서 나누는 과정을 통해 ‘부모로부터의 심리적 독립’을 탐색해볼 수 있도록 하였다. 설화 선정은 참여자들이 <해와 달이 된 오누이>에 대해 ‘부모로부터의 심리적 독립’의 이야기로 읽고 반응한다는 기존 연구를 근거로 이루어졌다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구 참여자 대부분은 자신이 부모에게 바라는 욕구에 대해 알아차릴 수 있었다. 둘째, 참여자들은 부모와의 관계를 탐색하거나 재조정해보는 통찰을 얻을 수 있었다. 셋째, 설화뿐 아니라, 제시된 설화 그림카드는 참여자들이 정서적 갈등을 투사하고 촉진하도록 도울 수 있었다. 넷째, ‘다시쓰기’ 전과 후, 설화 그림카드 작업들은 참여자들이 이야기의 방향과 줄거리, 주인공을 선정하는 데에도 효과적인 역할을 하였다. 문학치료에서 이야기를 재구성하는 과정이 자신의 내면을 탐색하는 데 있어 효과적이라는 것은 조은상의 이전 논문에서 검증된 결과이나, 설화 그림카드를 개발하여 활용하는 것은 아직 연구 중에 있다. 추후 지속적인 연구를 통해 설화 그림카드의 유용성과 효과성에 대한 검증이 이루어져야 하겠지만, 이 연구를 통해 설화 그림카드를 설화와 함께 사용하는 것이 참여자들이 내면에 있는 갈등을 투사하는 데에 효과적이고, 보다 명확히 자신의 내면을 표현할 수 있도록 도움을 주었음이 밝혀졌다는 점이 이 연구의 의의라 하겠다. In this study, participants wanting to mature, engaged in ‘re-writing’ activities using a folktale “The Brother and Sister Who Became the Sun and the Moon” and folktale picture cards <The Brother and Sister Who Became the Sun and the Moon>, and explored their psychological independence from their parents through sharing their stories in a group setting. This specific folktale was selected based on existing research where participants read and responded to “The Brother and Sister Who Became the Sun and the Moon” as a story of psychological independence from parents. The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, most of the participants in the study were able to recognize what they need from their parents. Secondly, participants were able to gain insights necessary for exploring or readjusting the relationship with their parents. Thirdly, the suggested folktale picture cards along with the folktale were useful for the participants to project and examine their emotional conflicts. Lastly, before and after re-writing activities, the folktale picture card work played an effective role in participants choosing the direction, plot, and protagonists of their stories. Even though the effectiveness of reconstructing stories in literary therapy to explore one’s inner self has been researched in previous studies, such as Cho Eun Sang’s papers, the topic of developing and utilizing folktale picture cards is still being explored. This study examined the ways in which using folktale picture cards in a literary therapy group helped participants project their inner conflicts and express themselves more clearly and effectively. This study also suggests that future studies will verify the usefulness and effectiveness of folktale picture cards.

소아에서 간질발작의 임상양상과 뇌파검사의 관계

이승현(Seung Hyeon Lee),손동우(Dong Woo Son),은병욱(Byung Wook Eun),심소연(So Yeon Sim),최덕영(Deok Young Choi),선용한(Yong Han Sun),조강호(Kang Ho Cho0, 류 일(Eell Ryoo),전인상(In Sang Jeon0, 차 한(Hann Tchah) 대한소아신경학회 2009 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

목적:발작의 분류는 발작의 원인, 예후를 추정하거나 항경련제를 선택하는 데 있어 매우 중요하며 뇌파검사는 발작의 종류를 구분하고 적절한 치료를 하기 위해 시행하는 중요한 검사이다. 저자들은 소아에서 임상적 발작이 확실한 경우 간질발작의 임상양상과 뇌파검사 간의 일치 정도를 알아보고자 한다. 방법:2000년 1월 1일부터 2008년 9월 30일까지 1회 이상의 간질발작을 주소로 가천의대 길병원 소아청소년과에 방문한 환자 중 본원에서 처음으로 뇌파검사를 시행한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 발작의 임상양상은 목격자와 본인의 설명을 기록한 의무기록지를 기준으로 하여 부분발작과 전신발작으로 분류하였고 뇌파검사는 발작간간질양방전을 기준으로 정상과 비정상으로 분류하였으며 각성과 수면상태 모두에서 시행하였다. 결과:총 461명의 환자의 뇌파검사 시의 평균 연령은 6.7세였고 남자는 247명, 여자는 214명이었다. 전체 환자에서 발작의 임상양상은 부분발작이 310명, 전신발작이 187명이었다. 각성뇌파검사에서 비정상은 158명으로 부분발작파가 118명, 전신발작파가 59명, 두 가지 발작파가 한 환자에서 나온 경우가 19명이었고, 수면뇌파검사에서는 비정상이 239명으로 부분발작파가 196명, 전신발작파가 77명, 두 가지 발작파가 한 환자에서 나온 경우가 34명이었으며 전체 환자에서는 비정상이 273명으로 부분발작파가 216명, 전신발작파가 97명, 두 가지 발작파가 한 환자에서 나온 경우가 40명이었다. 간질증후군은 전체 환자 중 90명에서 관찰되었다. 146명(41.5%)의 부분발작과 44명(23.4%)의 전신발작 및 79명(87.8 %)의 간질증후군이 뇌파소견과 일치하였다. 결론:영유아 및 소아에 있어 발작을 진단할 때에는 발작양상 분 아니라 정확한 뇌파소견을 세심하게 고려하여야 한다. Purpose:Electroencephalography(EEG) is an essential method carried out for classifying seizures and taking appropriate treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the concordance between clinical findings of epileptic seizures and EEG in children. Methods:We enrolled 461 patients from those who visited Gil hospital from January 1, 2000 to September 30, 2008 with the chief complaint of epileptic seizure more than once and checked their first EEG at the same hospital. The clinical findings of seizure were based on the charts and interictal waking and sleep EEGs were done. Results:The mean age of the patients was 6.7 years old. 497 epileptic seizures occurred and its clinical finding included 310 of partial seizures and 187 of generalized seizures. In 315 waking EEG 158 were abnormal including 118 of partial seizures, 59 of generalized seizures and 19 of both seizures, in 431 sleep EEG 239 were abnormal including 196 of partial seizures, 77 of generalized seizures and 34 of both seizures, and in waking and/or sleep EEG 273 were abnormal including 216 of partial seizures, 97 of generalized seizures and 40 of both seizures. Epileptic syndromes were observed in 90 patients. 146(41.5%) of partial seizures, 44(23.4%) of generalized seizures, and 79(87.8%) of epileptic syndromes accorded with EEG. Conclusion:When diagnosing seizures in children, we must consider not only clinical findings but also accurate EEG findings.

Construction of Stably Transformed Bm 5 Cells by Using Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus IE 0 Gene

Cho, Eun Sook,Jin, Byung Rae,Sohn, Hung Dae,Choi, Kwang Ho,Kim, Soung Ryul,Kang, Seok Woo,Yun, Eun Young,Kim, Sang Hyun,Kim, Keun Young,Je, Yeon Ho,Kang, Seok Kwon 한국잠사학회 1998 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.40 No.2

To construct transfurmed Bm5 cells, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus(AcNPV) IE1 gene, an immediate early viral gene was firstly used in this study. AcNPV IE1 gene, which shares on 95.3% nucleotide sequence homology with Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) IE1 gene, was isolated and cloned into pBluescript. Neomycin gene from pKO-neo was inserted under the control of the IE1 promoter to yield pAcIE1-neo. The plasmid pAcIE1-neo was transfected into Bm5 or Sf9 cells, and neomycin-resistant cells were selected in TC100 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 mg/ml G4l8 for two weeks. Individual clones were picked and each was amplified for further characterization. The genomic DNA from neomycin-resistant cells was isolated and characterized by PCR using AcNPV IEI gene-specific primers and by Southern blot analysis using neomycin gene probe. We concluded that AcNPV IE1 gene was functional in B. mori-derived Bm5 cells as well as Spodoptera fugjprrda-derived Sf9 cells to produce stably-transformed insect cells