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( Viet-duc Ngo ),( Sin Woo Kang ),( Dong Ki Ryu ),( Sun Ok Chung ),( Sang Un Park ),( Sun Ju Kim ),( Jong Tae Park ) 한국농업기계학회 2015 바이오시스템공학 Vol.40 No.2
Purpose: A sampling scheme may significantly affect the accuracy of a sensor. This study was conducted to investigate theeffects of sampling point locations on optical reflectance measurements of Chinese cabbage and kale plant leaves. Methods:Variability and similarity of multiple measurements for different parts of the leaves were compared. Results: The resultsindicate that the variability between the average and individual reflectance spectra was smaller for the blade part than forthe vein part. Furthermore, the reflectance for the blade part over the upper leaf area was greater and more stable thanthose for the other parts for both the cabbage and kale leaf samples. Conclusions: The results provide guidelines for opticalreflectance measurements of Chinese cabbage and kale plants. The effects of the number of sampling points, the number ofleaves, and the relationships between optical reflectance and leaf components remain to be investigated in the future.
Comparison of optical reflectance spectrum at blade and vein parts of cabbage and kale leaves
Viet-Duc Ngo,Dong-Ki Ryu,Sun-Ok Chung,Sang-Un Park,Sun-Ju Kim,Jong-Tae Park 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2013 농업과학연구 Vol.40 No.2
Objective of the study was to compare reflectance spectrum in the blade and the vein parts of cabbage and kale leaves. A total 6 cabbage and kale leaves were taken from a plant factory in Chungnam National University, Korea. Spectra data were collected with a UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer (model: USB2000, Ocean Optics, FL, USA) in the wavelength region of 190 – 1130 nm. Median filter smoothing method was selected to preprocess the obtained spectra data. We computed reflectance difference by subtraction of averaged spectrum from individual spectrum. To estimate correlation at different parts of cabbage and kale leaves, cross - correlation method was used. Differences between cabbage and kale leaves are clearly manifested in the green, red and near – infrared ranges. The percent reflectance of cabbage leaves in the NIR wavelength band was higher than that of kale leaves. Reflectance in the blade part was higher than in the vein part by 18%. Reflectance difference in the different parts of cabbage and kale leaves were clear in all of the wavelength bands. Standard deviation of reflectance difference in the vein part was greater for kale, while the value in the blade part was greater for cabbage leaves. Standard deviation of cross – correlation increased from 0.092 in the first sensor (UV/VIS) and 0.007 in the second sensor (NIR) to 0.099 and 0.015, respectively.
Location of Sampling Points in Optical Reflectance Measurements of Chinese Cabbage and Kale Leaves
NGO VIET DUC,강신우,류동기,정선옥,박상언,김선주,박종태 한국농업기계학회 2015 바이오시스템공학 Vol.40 No.2
Purpose: A sampling scheme may significantly affect the accuracy of a sensor. This study was conducted to investigate theeffects of sampling point locations on optical reflectance measurements of Chinese cabbage and kale plant leaves. Methods:Variability and similarity of multiple measurements for different parts of the leaves were compared. Results: The resultsindicate that the variability between the average and individual reflectance spectra was smaller for the blade part than forthe vein part. Furthermore, the reflectance for the blade part over the upper leaf area was greater and more stable thanthose for the other parts for both the cabbage and kale leaf samples. Conclusions: The results provide guidelines for opticalreflectance measurements of Chinese cabbage and kale plants. The effects of the number of sampling points, the number ofleaves, and the relationships between optical reflectance and leaf components remain to be investigated in the future.
Comparison of optical reflectance spectrum at blade and vein parts of cabbage and kale leaves
Ngo, Viet-Duc,Ryu, Dong-Ki,Chung, Sun-Ok,Park, Sang-Un,Kim, Sun-Ju,Park, Jong-Tae Institute of Agricultural Science 2013 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.40 No.2
Objective of the study was to compare reflectance spectrum in the blade and the vein parts of cabbage and kale leaves. A total 6 cabbage and kale leaves were taken from a plant factory in Chungnam National University, Korea. Spectra data were collected with a UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer (model: USB2000, Ocean Optics, FL, USA) in the wavelength region of 190 - 1130 nm. Median filter smoothing method was selected to preprocess the obtained spectra data. We computed reflectance difference by subtraction of averaged spectrum from individual spectrum. To estimate correlation at different parts of cabbage and kale leaves, cross - correlation method was used. Differences between cabbage and kale leaves are clearly manifested in the green, red and near - infrared ranges. The percent reflectance of cabbage leaves in the NIR wavelength band was higher than that of kale leaves. Reflectance in the blade part was higher than in the vein part by 18%. Reflectance difference in the different parts of cabbage and kale leaves were clear in all of the wavelength bands. Standard deviation of reflectance difference in the vein part was greater for kale, while the value in the blade part was greater for cabbage leaves. Standard deviation of cross - correlation increased from 0.092 in the first sensor (UV/VIS) and 0.007 in the second sensor (NIR) to 0.099 and 0.015, respectively.
Number of sampling leaves for reflectance measurement of Chinese cabbage and kale
정선옥,NGO VIET DUC,Shaha Nur Kabir,홍순중,박상언,김용주,박종태 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2014 농업과학연구 Vol.41 No.3
Objective of this study was to investigate effects of pre-processing method and number of sampling leaves on stability of the reflectance measurement for Chinese cabbage and kale leaves. Chinese cabbage and kale were transplanted and cultivated in a plant factory. Leaf samples of the kale and cabbage were collected at 4 weeks after transplanting of the seedlings. Spectra data were collected with an UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer in the wavelength region from 190 to 1130 nm. All leaves (mature and young leaves) were measured on 9 and 12 points in the blade part in the upper area for kale and cabbage leaves, respectively. To reduce the spectral noise, the raw spectral data were preprocessed by different methods: i) moving average, ii) Savitzky-Golay filter, iii) local regression using weighted linear least squares and a 1 st degree polynomial model (lowess), iv) local regression using weighted linear least squares and a 2 nd degree polynomial model (loess), v) a robust version of ‘lowess’, vi) a robust version of ‘loess’, with 7, 11, 15 smoothing points. Effects of number of sampling leaves were investigated by reflectance difference (RD) and cross-correlation (CC) methods. Results indicated that the contribution of the spectral data collected at 4 sampling leaves were good for both of the crops for reflectance measurement that does not change stability of measurement much. Furthermore, moving average method with 11 smoothing points was believed to provide reliable pre-processed data for further analysis.
Number of sampling leaves for reflectance measurement of Chinese cabbage and kale
Chung, Sun-Ok,Ngo, Viet-Duc,Kabir, Md. Shaha Nur,Hong, Soon-Jung,Park, Sang-Un,Kim, Sun-Ju,Park, Jong-Tae Institute of Agricultural Science 2014 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.41 No.3
Objective of this study was to investigate effects of pre-processing method and number of sampling leaves on stability of the reflectance measurement for Chinese cabbage and kale leaves. Chinese cabbage and kale were transplanted and cultivated in a plant factory. Leaf samples of the kale and cabbage were collected at 4 weeks after transplanting of the seedlings. Spectra data were collected with an UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer in the wavelength region from 190 to 1130 nm. All leaves (mature and young leaves) were measured on 9 and 12 points in the blade part in the upper area for kale and cabbage leaves, respectively. To reduce the spectral noise, the raw spectral data were preprocessed by different methods: i) moving average, ii) Savitzky-Golay filter, iii) local regression using weighted linear least squares and a $1^{st}$ degree polynomial model (lowess), iv) local regression using weighted linear least squares and a $2^{nd}$ degree polynomial model (loess), v) a robust version of 'lowess', vi) a robust version of 'loess', with 7, 11, 15 smoothing points. Effects of number of sampling leaves were investigated by reflectance difference (RD) and cross-correlation (CC) methods. Results indicated that the contribution of the spectral data collected at 4 sampling leaves were good for both of the crops for reflectance measurement that does not change stability of measurement much. Furthermore, moving average method with 11 smoothing points was believed to provide reliable pre-processed data for further analysis.
Number of sampling leaves for reflectance measurement of Chinese cabbage and kale
Sun-Ok Chung,Viet-Duc Ngo,Md. Shaha Nur Kabir,Soon-Jung Hong,Sang-Un Park,Sun-Ju Kim,Jong-Tae Park 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2014 농업과학연구 Vol.41 No.3
Objective of this study was to investigate effects of pre-processing method and number of sampling leaves on stability of the reflectance measurement for Chinese cabbage and kale leaves. Chinese cabbage and kale were transplanted and cultivated in a plant factory. Leaf samples of the kale and cabbage were collected at 4 weeks after transplanting of the seedlings. Spectra data were collected with an UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer in the wavelength region from 190 to 1130 nm. All leaves (mature and young leaves) were measured on 9 and 12 points in the blade part in the upper area for kale and cabbage leaves, respectively. To reduce the spectral noise, the raw spectral data were preprocessed by different methods: i) moving average, ii) Savitzky-Golay filter, iii) local regression using weighted linear least squares and a 1<SUP>st</SUP> degree polynomial model (lowess), iv) local regression using weighted linear least squares and a 2<SUP>nd</SUP> degree polynomial model (loess), v) a robust version of ‘lowess’, vi) a robust version of ‘loess’, with 7, 11, 15 smoothing points. Effects of number of sampling leaves were investigated by reflectance difference (RD) and cross-correlation (CC) methods. Results indicated that the contribution of the spectral data collected at 4 sampling leaves were good for both of the crops for reflectance measurement that does not change stability of measurement much. Furthermore, moving average method with 11 smoothing points was believed to provide reliable pre-processed data for further analysis.