로자탄 대 포시노프릴의 고혈압 환자들에서 항고혈압 효과, 안전성 및 내약성의 비교

박대균,이명묵,채인호,이무용,이홍자,김효수,김철호,손대원,오병희,박영배,최윤식 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.1

대중교통 환승주차장의 CPTED 체크리스트에 의한 환경디자인 연구

김대용(Kim, Dae Yong),김태용(Kim, Tae Yong),정승호(Chung, Seung Ho),박현호(Park, Hyeon Ho) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2012 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.10 No.-

본 연구는 늘어나는 대중교통인접 환승주차장의 범죄위험성으로부터 이용자들의 안전을 위하여 ‘환경설계를 통한 범죄예방(Crime Prevention Through Environment Design: CPTED, 이하: CPTED)"개념을 적용하여, 환경디자인 개선사항을 도출하는 연구이다. 연구의 방법과 범위로는 CPTED이론, 문헌분석, 관련법 및 법규, 관련 전문가그룹을 통하여 1차 정량·정성체크리스트를 설계하여 현장답사 하였으며, 이를 보안하는 2차 정성체크리스트를 설계, 현장답사 하였으며, 현장답사는 대중교통환승 주차장의 유형과 환승형태, 주차장규모, 운영주체등을 고려하여 수도권의 5개 환승주차장을 선정하였다. 설계된 체크리스트를 바탕으로 현장답사 결과 범죄위험성으로부터 환경디자인 개선사항은 5곳 중 1곳을 제외하고 4곳 모두 개선이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 분석은 주차지역, 유지관리, 전자보안, 안내표지, 조경, 조명으로 구분하였으며 조사대상지 대부분 범죄위험성으로부터 전자보안에만 의지하는 행태를 가졌으며, 그 또한 요금 징수 등을 주 목적으로 하고 있다. This study applies the concept of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and suggests ways to make improvements in environmental design to provide secure facilities for those who use park-and-ride structures which are increasing on a regular basis. First, the authors made a checklist for field examination after consulting related literature and related laws and holding discussion sessions with the experts of the field. After the field investigation with the quantitative and qualitative checklist, another qualitative checklist was developed to supplement the first one. With the second checklist, the authors visited five different park-and-ride structures around the city of Seoul that were diverse in layout, scale, and management system. The result showed that four out of the five sites assessed needed improvements. The analysis was divided into the following areas: location of the structure, maintenance, electronic security, signs, landscaping, and lighting. A popular method of crime prevention at the parking structures was electronic security which was in fact operated mainly to encourage the drivers to pay their parking fees.

Morin exerts cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts via the upregulation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression and the activation of the ERK pathway

Lee, Moon Hee,Han, Min Ho,Lee, Dae-Sung,Park, Cheol,Hong, Su-Hyun,Kim, Gi-Young,Hong, Sang Hoon,Song, Kyoung Seob,Choi, Il-Whan,Cha, Hee-Jae,Choi, Yung Hyun UNKNOWN 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.39 No.2

<P>In the present study, we investigated the cytoprotective efficacy of morin, a natural flavonoid, against oxidative stress and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in C2C12 myoblasts. Our results indicated that morin treatment prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure significantly increased cell viability and prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species. H2O2-induced comet-like DNA formation and gamma H2AX phosphorylation were also markedly suppressed by morin with a parallel inhibition of apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts, suggesting that morin prevented H2O2-induced cellular DNA damage. Furthermore, morin markedly enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) associated with the induction and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the inhibition of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keapl) expression. Notably, these events were eliminated by transient transfection with Nrf2-specific small interfering RNA. Additional experiments demonstrated that the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by morin was mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. This phenomenon was confirmed with suppressed Nrf2 phosphorylation and consequently diminished HO-1 expression in cells treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of ERK. Collectively, these results demonstrated that morin augments the cellular antioxidant defense capacity through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, which involves the activation of the ERK pathway, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from H2O2,-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.</P>

Vascular Protective Role of Samul-Tang in HUVECs: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NO

Choi, Eun Sik,Lee, Yun Jung,Seo, Chang Seob,Yoon, Jung Joo,Han, Byung Hyuk,Park, Min Cheol,Kang, Dae Gill,Lee, Ho Sub Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2016 No.-

<P>Samul-Tang (Si-Wu-Tang, SMT), composed of four medicinal herbs, is a well-known herbal formula treating hematological disorder or gynecologic disease. However, vascular protective effects of SMT and its molecular mechanisms on the vascular endothelium, known as the central spot of vascular inflammatory process, are not reported. The aim of this study was to investigate vascular protective effects of SMT water extract in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Water extract of SMT was prepared and identified by HPLC-PDA analysis. Expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-<I>κ</I>B) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined by western blot. Nuclear localization of NF-<I>κ</I>B and Nrf2 was visualized by immunofluorescence and DNA binding activity of NF-<I>κ</I>B was measured. ROS production, HL-60 monocyte adhesion, and intracellular nitric oxide (NO) were also measured using a fluorescent indicator. SMT suppressed NF-<I>κ</I>B translocation and activation as well as expression of CAMs, monocyte adhesion, and ROS production induced by TNF-<I>α</I> in HUVECs. SMT treated HUVECs showed upregulation of HO-1 and NO which are responsible for vascular protective action. Our study suggests that SMT, a traditionally used herbal formula, protects the vascular endothelium from inflammation and might be used as a promising vascular protective drug.</P>

국립공원 내 파충류 자원의 효율적인 관리를 위한 PIT(passive integrated transponder) tag과 무선추적방법(radio telemetry)의 적용

이정현 ( Jung Hyun Lee ),이헌주 ( Heon Joo Lee ),라남용 ( Nam Yong Ra ),김자경 ( Ja Kyeong Kim ),엄준호 ( Jun Ho Eom ),박대식 ( Dae Sik Park ) 한국환경생물학회 2009 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 PIT tag (passive integrated transponder)과 무선추적법(radio telemetry)을 오대산국립공원과 월악산국립공원에 서식하고 있는 파충류에 적용한 후, 이를 평가하여 효과적으로 국립공원 내 파충류 자원관리 방안을 모색하기 위하여 수행되었다. PIT tag은 현재까지 알려진 파충류 개체표시법 중에서 가장 효과적인 방법으로 2006년 3월부터 2008년 10월까지 오대산국립공원과 월악산국립공원의 조사지역에 출현한 모든 137마리의 뱀류를 대상으로 적용하였다. 무선추적 연구는 월악산국립공원에서 서식하고 있는 황구렁이(Elaphe schrenckii anomala) 2마리를 대상으로 2007년 9월부터 2008년 11월까지 실시하였다. 연구결과, 두 곳의 국립공원 지역에서 연구기간 동안 17마리가 재 포획되어 평균 12.40%의 재포획률을 보였으며, 재 포획된 개체들의 자료를 통하여 누룩뱀(Elaphe dione)과 쇠살모사(Gloydius ussuriensis) 성체의 SVL 증가를 성공적으로 확인하였다. 무선추적을 통하여 확인된 황구렁이 수컷의 행동권 면적은 MCP=389,600 m2, Kernel 95%=471,800 m2, 암컷은 MCP=162,500 m2, Kernel 95%=208,700 m2인 것으로 확인되었다. 국립공원 내에서 보호와 관리가 필요한 종 혹은 멸종위기대상 종인 파충류를 대상으로 PIT tag과 무선추적을 적용한다면 공원 내 파충류의 효율적인 관리 및 보존방안을 마련하는 데 중요한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. To suggest effective ways of the management of reptiles in Korea national parks, we applied PIT (passive integrated transponder) tag and radio telemetry research methods in the monitoring of reptiles in Odaesan and Woraksan national parks. We implanted PIT tags into 137 snakes (six species) captured in both the national parks between March 2006 and October 2008 and also radio-tracked two Korean rat snakes (Elaphe schrenckii anomala) from September 2007 to November 2008 in the Woraksan national park. Of total 137 snakes which we had inserted the PIT tag, 17 snakes (12.40%) were recaptured. Based on the PIT tag data of the recapture, we successfully obtained the annual growth rate of Korean cat snakes (Elaphe dione) and Red-tongue pit-viper (Gloydius ussuriensis). Home range of the Korean rat snakes based on the data of radio-tracking was estimated as 389,600 m2 (MCP: Minimum convex polygon) and 471,800 m2 (Kernel 95%) for males and 162,500m2 and 208,700m2 for females. These results suggest that if we apply PIT tag and radio telemetry research methods to manage reptiles in Korea national parks, it could greatly increase our understanding about their basic ecology and as the result, it could allow us to develop better management and conservation ways of reptiles in Korea national parks.

고강도 할로겐광으로 중합한 복합레진 수복재의 경도

박종석,이광희,김대업,김성형,안호영 대한소아치과학회 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

복합레진의 광중합시간 단축과 관련하여 최근에 개발된 고강도 할로겐광 중합기를 기존의 중강도 할로겐광 중합기와 비교 평가하기 위하여. 세 종류의 광중합용 복합레진을 두께가 2, 3, 4, 5mm인 스테인레스 스틸 몰드에 충전하고, 레진 상면을 중강도 할로겐 광은 (1) 400mW/cm²으로 40초간, 고강도 할로겐광은 (2) 10초동안 100mW/cm²부터 1000mW/cm²까지 출력량이 증가하면서 중합하고 다음 10초동안 1000mW/cm²로 중합하는 ramp 모드로 20초간, (3) 1000mW/cm²의 boost 모드로 10초간. (4) 850mW/cm²의 표준 모드로 20초간 조사하고. 상면과 하면의 표면경도를 미세경도측정기로 측정한 후 실험군간의 차이를 분석하였다. 레진 상면의 경도는 중합광의 강도와 중합시간 및 레진 두께에 따른 차이가 없었다(유의수준 0.05, 이하 동일). 레진 하면의 경도는,두께 2mm의 중강도군(1)을 제외하고,상면의 경도보다 낮았다. 레진 하면의 경도는 두께 2mm에서 중강도군(1)이 ramp군(2) 및 boost군(3)보다 높았고 중강도군(1)과 표준군(4) 간 및 ramp군(2)과 boost 군(3)간에 차이가 없었으며 두께 3mm에서 중강도군(1)이 가장 높았고 표준군(4)이 boost군(3)보다높았다. 따라서, 복합 레진의 중합 깊이 측면에서 볼 때. 1000mW/cm²의 고강도 할로겐 광을 10초간 조사한 것은 400mW/cm²의 중강도 할로겐광을 40초간 조사한 것에 미치지 못하였으며, 레진 두께 2mm이내인 경우에는 850mw/cm²의 고강도 할로겐 광을 20초간 조사함으로써 400mw/cm²중강도 할로겐 광을 40초간 조사한 것과 대등한 중합을 일으킬 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the high intensity halogen light (850∼ 1000 mW/cm²) with that of the conventional halogen light (400 mW/cm²) on the hardness of composite resin. Three resin com-posites (Z-100, 3M, U.S.A ; Tetric Ceram, Vivadent, Liechtenstein : Surefil, Dentsply, U.S.A.) were filled in the stainless steel moulds which were 4mm in diameter and 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm in depth, respectively. They were cured under the four different modes : (1) conventional mode,40 seconds at 400 mW/cm²; (2)'ramp'mode, 10 seconds at 100 to 1000 mW/cm² plus 10 seconds at 1000 mW/cm²: (3)'boost'mode, 10 seconds at 1000 mW/cm²: and (4) 'standard'mode, 20 seconds at 850 mW/cm² The surface hardnesses of the top and the bot-tom of the resin samples Were measured with a microhardness tester (MXT70, Matsuzawa, Japan) . The top surface hardness was not significantly different among the curing modes . The bottom surface hardness was gen-erally the highest in the conventional mode and the lowest in the high intensity boost mode There was no sig-nificant difference in the bottom surface hardness between the conventional mode and the high intensity standard mode in 2mm depth. The results suggest that the curing time of the high intensity halogen light (850 mW/cm²) should be at least 20 seconds to produce the equal level of the bottom surface hardness of 2mm resin composite as compared to the hardness produced by the conventional halogen light (400 mW/cm²).

복합레진의 중합 수축력과 수복물의 결합양상에 관한 연구 제 2 편 결합강도

박남수,우이형,최부병,임호남,최대균 大韓齒科器材學會 1993 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Failure of bond between resinous restorative materials and tooth can be occured by the polymerization contraction forces larger than bond strengths. This study was planned to confirmed that the bond strengths between composite resin and acid etched enamel will be influenced by the polymerization contraction forces altered with filler contents and diameter of attached resin specimens. Ten kinds of experimental composite resins were prepared and bonded to bovine tooth enamel which were acid-etched. The diameter of resin specimens attached were 4 mm and 6 mm. The following conclusions were drawn : 1. Shear bond strengths were increased and then decreased with rise of filler contents, maximum shear bond strength was obtained by the 40% filled composite resin. 2. Unit shear bond strengths of resin specimens bonded with large area were lower than that of narrow area bonding. It was concluded that shear bond strengths to acid etched enamel can be influenced by the polymerization contraction forces.

원형빌렛으로부터 인볼루트 헬리컬 핀을 가진 제품의 비틀림 압출가공공정에 관한 연구

박대윤,진철호,진인태 釜慶大學校 1999 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

The twisting and extrusion process of the product with involute helical fin from the round billet is developed by the upper bound analysis. The twisting of extruded product is caused by the twisted die surface connecting the die entrance section and the die exit section linearly. In the analysis, the internal shear surface is defined as the curved twisted plane from the taisting of die surface and the shear work is calculated by the consumption of shear energy The increase rate of angular velocity is determined by the minimization of plastic work. The results of the analysis. It is shown that the angular velocity of the extruded product increases with the die twisting angle, the reduction of area, and decreases with the die length, the friction condition.

복합레진의 중합 수축력과 수복물의 결합양상에 관한 연구 제 3 편 변연누출과 틈새

박남수,최대균,임호남,최부병,우이형 大韓齒科器材學會 1993 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study was designed to confirm the influence of the polymerization contraction stress to the marginal leakage and gaps of resin restorations. Ten kinds of experimental composite resins were prepared with varing the filler contents to display the different polymerization contraction stress. A cavity with enamel and dentin margins were prepared on the cervical area of human tooth. Enamel margins were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 1 minute. Experimental composite resins were filled into the cavities and immersed in water bath of 37±1℃ for 24 hours, and then immersed into dye solution. Tooth were cut through the restoration, and the infiltration of dye was observed. Marginal gaps were measured on the light microscope with 100 magnifications. The following conclusions were drawn : 1. Polymerization contraction stress and gaps showed the corelation between them, gaps were decreased by increase of filler contents. 2. There was not exist the relationships between polymerization contraction stress and marginal leakage. 3. Marginal leakage and gaps were larger at dentinal margins than enamel margins.

복합레진의 중합 수축력과 수복물의 결합양상에 관한 연구 제 1 편 : 중합수축력

박남수,최대균,임호남,최부병,우이형 大韓齒科器材學會 1993 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The polymerization contraction forces has a relationship with the contents of filler, and if forces surpass the bond strength between restoration and bonded surface, the failure of bond can be occured. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of filler contents on the polymerization contraction forces and to confirm whether the polymerization forces could induce the bond failure of composite resins to enamel or dentin. Low capacity load cell using strain gauge were prepared and used as a measurement system for polymerization contraction forces. Oxidized alloy surfaces, enamel surfaces and dentin surfaces were used as bonded surface. Measurements of the polymerization contraction forces were done for 1 hour, and a stress at 1 hour after was recorded as a polymerization contraction force. It was considered as a bond failure that the polymerization contraction forces increased and then decreased by the time. The following conclusions were drawn : 1. Polymerization contraction forces of composite resins were decreased by the increase of filler contents. 2. Polymerization contraction forces were increased at thickened resin specimens, but it was not significant at over two millimeter thickness. 3. Bond strength of composite resins to the acid etched enamel surfaces exceeded the polymerization contraction forces and the reduced polymerization contraction forces due to the bond failure were not confirmed. 4. Failure of bond and reduced polymerization contraction forces occured on dentin.