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Toroidal rotation profile structure in KSTAR L-mode plasmas with mixed heating by NBI and ECH
Shi, Y.J.,Ko, S.H.,Kwon, J.M.,Ko, W.H.,Diamond, P.H.,Yi, S.,Ida, K.,Lee, K.D.,Jeong, J.H.,Seo, S.H.,Hahn, S.H.,Yoon, S.W.,Bae, Y.S.,Terzolo, L.,Yun, G.S.,Bitter, M.,Hill, K. IOP 2016 Nuclear fusion Vol.56 No.1
<P>The structure of the toroidal rotation profile with mixed heating by neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) has been investigated in KSTAR L-mode plasmas. ECH with varying resonance layer positions was used for heating a mix control. The experimental results show that ECH causes a counter-current rotation increment both for off-axis and on-axis ECH heating. For L-mode plasmas, off-axis ECH produces larger counter-current rotation than on-axis ECH. Analysis of ion heat and momentum transport for the ECH L-mode plasmas shows that the electron temperature gradient is the main reason for the degradation of ion heat confinement and also the main driving force for the non-diffusive momentum flux. As a possible mechanism for the counter-current intrinsic torque with ECH, the transition of the turbulence mode from ion temperature gradient (ITG) to the trapped electron mode (TEM) with the resulting sign change of turbulence driven residual stress is suggested. A linear gyro-kinetic analysis shows the ITG → TEM transition occurs in a localized region during ECH injection, and the trend of TEM excitation is consistent with the observed macroscopic trend of the toroidal rotation.</P>
A study on $\Gamma$-$BCK$-algebras
D. L. Shi,J. I. Baek,M. Cheong,S. H. Han,K.Hur 원광대학교 기초자연과학연구소 2023 ANNALS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS Vol.26 No.3
In this paper, we redefine $\Gamma$-$BCK$-algebras in the sense of Saeid et al. [1] and we introduce the concepts of positive implicative [resp. commutative and implicative] $\Gamma$-$BCK$-algebras and study some of their properties. Also, we define $\Gamma$-subalgebras [resp. positive implicative, commutative and implicative] $\Gamma$-ideals in a $\Gamma$-$BCK$-algebra and investigate several of their properties, relationships among them and their characterizations respectively.
Ordinary interval-valued fuzzifying topological spaces
D. L. Shi,J. I. Baek,M. Cheong,S. H. Han,Kul Hur 원광대학교 기초자연과학연구소 2023 ANNALS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS Vol.25 No.2
We introduce the concept of ordinary interval-valued fuzzifying topology and obtain some of its basic properties. We show that a neighborhood system in ordinary interval-valued fuzzifying topological spaces has the same properties in a classical neighborhood system. Also, we obtain two characterization of an ordinary interval-valued fuzzifying base and one characterization of an ordinary interval-valued fuzzifying subbase. We define an ordinary interval-valued fuzzifying closure and prove that an ordinary interval-valued fuzzifying topology induced by an ordinary interval-valued fuzzifying closure operator.
China Spallation Neutron Source: Accelerator Design Iterations and R&D Status
J. Wei,C.-D. Deng,C.-H. Wang,C.-T. Shi,H. Sun,H.-F. Ouyang,H.-M. Qu,H.-Y. Dong,J. Li,J. Zhang,J.-S. Cao,J.-Y. Tang,L. Dong,L.-L. Wang,Q. Qin,Q.-B. Wang,S. Wang,S.-N. Fu,S.-X Fang,T. -G. Xu,W. Kang,Y.- 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.I
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high-power, accelerator-based project currently under preparation. The accelerator complex consists of an H$^-$ ion source, an H$^-$ linac, a rapid-cycling proton synchrotron, and the transport lines. During the past year, the design of most accelerator systems went through major iterations, and initial research and developments was started on the prototyping of several key components.
Prediction of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy Content of Rice Bran Fed to Growing Pigs
Shi, C.X.,Liu, Z.Y.,Shi, M.,Li, P.,Zeng, Z.K.,Liu, L.,Huang, C.F.,Zhu, Z.P.,Li, D.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5
Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of 19 rice bran samples and to develop prediction equations for DE and ME based on their chemical composition. The 19 rice bran samples came from different rice varieties, processing methods and regions. The basal diet was formulated using corn and soybean meal (74.43% corn and 22.91% soybean meal and 2.66% vitamins and minerals). The 19 experimental diets based on a mixture of corn, soybean meal and 29.2% of each source of rice bran, respectively. In Exp. 1, 108 growing barrows ($32.1{\pm}4.2kg$) were allotted to 1 of 18 treatments according to a completely randomized design with 6 pigs per treatment. The treatment 1 was the control group which was fed with basal diet. The treatments 2 to 18 were fed with experimental diets. In Exp. 2, two additional rice bran samples were measured to verify the prediction equations developed in Exp. 1. A control diet and two rice bran diets were fed to 18 growing barrows ($34.6{\pm}3.5kg$). The control and experimental diets formulations were the same as diets in Exp. 1. The results showed that the DE ranged from 14.48 to 16.85 (mean 15.84) MJ/kg of dry matter while the ME ranged from 12.49 to 15.84 (mean 14.31) MJ/kg of dry matter. The predicted values of DE and ME of the two additional samples in Exp. 2 were very close to the measured values.
( D. Q. Zhang ),( C. Shi ),( J. Li ),( L. X. Gao ),( K. Y. Lee ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.1
The corrosion behavior of a ferritic/martensitic steel T91 exposed to an aqueous solution containing chloride and sulfate ions is investigated depending on the stimulated all-volatile treatment (AVT) and under oxygenated treatment (OT) conditions. The corrosion of T91 steel under OT condition is severe, while the corrosion under AVT condition is not. The co-existence of chloride and sulfate ions has antagonistic effect on the corrosion of T91 steel in both AVT and OT conditions. Unlike to corrosion resistance in the aqueous solution, OT pretreatment provides T91 steel lower oxidation-resistance than VAT pretreatment. From scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the lower corrosion resistance in the aqueous solution by VAT conditions possibly is due to the formation of pits. In addition, the lower oxidation resistance of T91 steel pretreated by OT conditions is explained as follows: the cracks formed during the immersion under OT conditions accelerated peeling-off rate of the oxide film.