http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Goals of COPD Treatment: Focus on Symptoms and Exacerbations
( Claus F. Vogelmeier ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-
The two clinical parameters that guide treatment in COPD patients are “symptoms” and “exacerbations”. In patients with symptoms only ㆍ many patients on mono-bronchodilator treatment are still symptomatic ㆍEMAX was the first major prospective study testing the efficacy of LAMA/LABA versus monotherapies in patients without ICS. EMAX showed consistent and sustained benefit of LAMA/LABA over monotherapies In patients with symptoms + exacerbations ㆍ + blood eosinophils >100/μl escalation to LAMA/LABA/ICS may improve symptoms, reduce exacerbations and mortality
Should You Initiate Treatment with One or Two Bronchodilators?
( Claus F. Vogelmeier ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-
Guideline documents give conflicting recommendations how to initiate treatment in a newly diagnosed symtomatic COPD patient with no major exacerbation history: some recommend to start with a single long-acting bronchodilator (LAMA), some to start with a LAMA/LABA combination. There is evidence that many patients on mono-bronchodilator treatment are (still) highly symptomatic. Most studies that evaluated the efficacy of dual bronchodilators have been compromised by the concurrent use of ICS in a considerable part of the included patient population. The EMAX study is the first major prospective study testing the efficacy of LAMA/LABA versus monotherapies in patients without ICS. EMAX showed a consistent and sustained benefit of LAMA/ LABA (umeclidinium/vilanterol) over monotherapies including clinically important improvements in lung function versus monotherapies in both maintenance treated and maintenance naive subgroups. If patients do not improve with dual bronchodilator treatment, non-pharmacologic treatments and comorbidities have to be considered.
CONTEXT EFFECTS OF FEAR-INDUCING PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS
Claus Ebster,Udo Wagner,Lisa Eberhardsteiner 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7
Recently, a television commercial by the Japanese tire manufacturer Autoway went viral on the Internet and received more than 3 million hits on YouTube. The advertisement, which depicts a car driver’s encounter with a grisly figure during a snowstorm, is preceded by a health warning: Not for the faint of heart. We shall not be liable for any injuries, illness, and damages claimed to be caused by watching the contents. The popularity of this commercial, which explicitly points to its fear-inducing message, attests to the fact that fear appeals in advertising can draw attention. An area where fear appeals are particularly prevalent is social marketing. According to Kotler, Roberto, and Lee (2002), social marketing can be used to improve health, prevent injuries, protect the environment, and promote community involvement. Many of these issues, e.g., cancer screening, seat belt use, environmental pollution, or organ donations, are linked to negative consequences based on the action or inaction of consumers, which consequently lend themselves to fear appeals in advertising. Fear has been used in social marketing campaigns for various issues, such as road safety (Transport Accident Commission, 2002) or smoking (DeJong & Hoffman, 2000), as it can enhance the effectiveness of advertising but also lead to unintended side effects (Hastings, Steed, & Webb, 2004). While the literature has focused on the effectiveness of fear appeals, the effect of scary advertisements or public service announcements on consumers’ perceptions of other commercials surrounding them has been often overlooked. Social marketers might successfully use fear appeals in public service announcements, but the same advertisements could have an adverse effect on the effectiveness of the commercials surrounding them. In this study, we will investigate the carryover effects of public service announcements using fear appeals. Specifically, the goal of this research is to study the effects of fear appeals on the evaluation of commercials that follow.The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. First, we will give an overview of the influence advertisers have on the scheduling of commercials. In the following section, the literature on advertising context effects is reviewed and a hypothesis regarding the effects of fear-inducing public service announcements on the evaluation of subsequent commercials is developed. After the methodology section, the results of a laboratory experiment testing the hypothesis are presented and discussed.
Room-Temperature Stimulated Emission in ZnO: Doubts on Excitonic Lasing
Claus Klingshirn,Johannes Fallert,Robert Hauschild,Mario Hauser,Heinz Kalt,Huijuan Zhou 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5
Concerning stimulated emission, we discuss for ZnO the roles of excitonic processes and of re- combination in an inverted electron-hole plasma. While excitonic processes are well justied at lower temperatures and densities, doubts arise concerning the concept of excitonic lasing in ZnO at or even above room temperature. The densities at laser threshold and at room temperature are frequently at or above the Mott density, but below the density at which population inversion is reached. We suggest alternative processes in a non-inverted plasma.