TmSR-C, scavenger receptor class C, plays a pivotal role in antifungal and antibacterial immunity in the coleopteran insect Tenebrio molitor

Kim, S.G.,Jo, Y.H.,Seong, J.H.,Park, K.B.,Noh, M.Y.,Cho, J.H.,Ko, H.J.,Kim, C.E.,Tindwa, H.,Patnaik, B.B.,Bang, I.S.,Lee, Y.S.,Han, Y.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Insect biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.89 No.-

Scavenger receptors (SRs) constitute a family of membrane-bound receptors that bind to multiple ligands. The SR family of proteins is involved in removing cellular debris, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, and pathogens. Specifically, class C scavenger receptors (SR-C) have also been reported to be involved in phagocytosis of gram-positive and -negative bacteria in Drosophila and viruses in shrimp. However, reports are unavailable regarding the role of SR-C in antifungal immune mechanisms in insects. In this study, a full-length Tenebrio molitor SR-C (TmSR-C) sequence was obtained by 5'- and 3'-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR). The TmSR-C full-length cDNA comprised 1671 bp with 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of 23- and 107-bp, respectively. TmSR-C encodes a putative protein of 556 amino acid residues that is constitutively expressed in all tissues of late instar larvae and 2-day-old adults, with the highest transcript levels observed in hemocytes of larvae and adults. TmSR-C mRNA showed a 2.5-fold and 3-fold increase at 24 and 6 h after infection with Candida albicans and β-glucan, respectively. Immunoassay with TmSR-C polyclonal antibody showed induction of the putative protein in the cytosols of hemocytes at 3 h after inoculation of C. albicans. RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing and phagocytosis assays were used to understand the role of TmSR-C in antifungal immunity. Silencing of TmSR-C transcripts reduced the survivability of late instar larvae at 2 days post-inoculation of C. albicans, Escherichia coli, or Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, in TmSR-C-silenced larvae, there was a decline in the rate of microorganism phagocytosis. Taken together, results of this study suggest that TmSR-C plays a pivotal role in phagocytosing not only fungi but also gram-negative and -positive bacteria in T. molitor.

C3, C4 의 Nephelometric 측정 경험

조병철 ( B C Cho ),검덕희 ( D H Kim ),김민숙 ( M S Kim ),서덕규 ( D K Seo ) 대한임상검사과학회 1990 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.22 No.1

RIA has been used to measure accurately a minute quantity of Ags, such as proteins. hormones, enzymes or drugs. However, due to the presence of a radication hazard and the increment of having to pool test specimens. RIA is gradually being replaced by other immunoassay that have a comparable sensitivity but do not require radiocative meterial. Turbidimetric immunoassay, latex immunoassay and fluorescence immunoassay are such examples. We at the department of clinical pathology, Asan medical center, compared CH 50 activity with C3 , C4 quantity by nephelometric method.

Ferroelectric properties of Mn-doped BiFeO₃ thin films

Lee, M.H.,Park, J.S.,Kim, D.J.,Cho, H.J.,Sung, Y.S.,Kim, M.H.,Cho, J.H.,Choi, H.I.,Do, D.,Kim, W.J.,Kim, S.S.,Choi, B.C.,Song, T.K. Elsevier 2011 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.11 No.3

Bi(Fe<SUB>0.99</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.01</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB> thin films were prepared on a Pt(111)/Ti/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si(100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition at various deposition temperature, such as at 520 <SUP>o</SUP>C, 530 <SUP>o</SUP>C, and 540 <SUP>o</SUP>C, respectively. The film deposited at 540 <SUP>o</SUP>C exhibited better ferroelectric property such as large remnant polarization (2P<SUB>r</SUB> = 139 μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) and low coercive field (2E<SUB>c</SUB> = 630 kV/cm). However, high leakage current density was observed especially in a high electric field range. The improvements were attributed to the facts of highly (111)-preferred orientation and uniform large grain size when the film was deposited at 540 <SUP>o</SUP>C.

Suppression of c-Myc induces apoptosis via an AMPK/mTOR-dependent pathway by 4-O-methyl-ascochlorin in leukemia cells

Shin, J. M.,Jeong, Y. J.,Cho, H. J.,Magae, J.,Bae, Y. S.,Chang, Y. C. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Apoptosis Vol.21 No.5

<P>4-O-Methyl-ascochlorin (MAC) is a methylated derivative of the prenyl-phenol antibiotic ascochlorin, which was isolated from an incomplete fungus, Ascochyta viciae. Although the effects of MAC on apoptosis have been reported, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that MAC promoted apoptotic cell death and downregulated c-Myc expression in K562 human leukemia cells. The effect of MAC on apoptosis was similar to that of 10058-F4 (a c-Myc inhibitor) or c-Myc siRNA, suggesting that the downregulation of c-Myc expression plays a role in the apoptotic effect of MAC. Further investigation showed that MAC downregulated c-Myc by inhibiting protein synthesis. MAC promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its target proteins, including p70S6 K and 4E-BP-1. Treatment of cells with AICAR (an AMPK activator), rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor), or mTOR siRNA downregulated c-Myc expression and induced apoptosis to a similar extent to that of MAC. These results suggest that the effect of MAC on apoptosis induction in human leukemia cells is mediated by the suppression of c-Myc protein synthesis via an AMPK/mTOR-dependent mechanism.</P>

객담 임상 가검물에서 특이항체를 이용한 레지오넬라 항원검색

이혜경,조경주,박만석,심수경,유천권,박경석,박미연 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

Mechanical properties of (W,Ti)C and (W,Ti)C-NiAl₃ cermet consolidated by the high-frequency induction-heating method

Kim, W.,Suh, C.Y.,Roh, K.M.,Cho, S.W.,Na, K.I.,Shon, I.J. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Journal of alloys and compounds Vol.568 No.-

In the case of cemented (W,Ti)C, Co is added as a binder for the formation of composite structures. However, the high cost of Co and the low corrosion resistance of the (W,Ti)C-Co cermet have generated interest in recent years for alternative binder phases. In this study, NiAl<SUB>3</SUB> was used as a binder and consolidated by the high-frequency induction heated sintering (HFIHS) method. The densification of both monolithic (W,Ti)C and (W,Ti)C-NiAl<SUB>3</SUB> cermet was accomplished within 3min. Highly dense (W,Ti)C and (W,Ti)C-NiAl<SUB>3</SUB> with a relative density of upto 99% were obtained within 3min by HFIHS under a pressure of 80MPa. The method was found to enable not only the rapid densification but also the prohibition of grain growth preserving the nano-scale microstructure. The average grain sizes of the sintered (W,Ti)C and (W,Ti)C-NiAl<SUB>3</SUB> were lower than 100nm. The addition of NiAl<SUB>3</SUB> to (W,Ti)C enhanced the toughness at the expense of the slight decrease in hardness. The hardness of (W,Ti)C and (W,Ti)C-NiAl<SUB>3</SUB> was significantly higher than that of (W,Ti)C-Co or (W,Ti)C-Ni. The fracture toughness and hardness values of (W,Ti)C, (W,Ti)C-5vol.%NiAl<SUB>3</SUB>, and (W,Ti)C-10vol.%NiAl<SUB>3</SUB> consolidated by HFIHS with a pressure of 80MPa and a induced current were 7.6+/-0.4MPam<SUP>½</SUP> and 2850+/-35kg/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, 8.5+/-0.3MPam<SUP>½</SUP> and 2610+/-37kg/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, 9.7+/-0.5MPam<SUP>½</SUP> and 2520+/-26kg/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively.

Interleukin-18, transforming growth factor-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to primary glomerulonephritis

Choi, H.-J.,Cho, J.-H.,Kim, J.-C.,Seo, H.-J.,Hyun, S.-H.,Kim, G.-H.,Choi, J.-Y.,Choi, H.-J.,Ryu, H.-M.,Cho, J.-H.,Park, S.-H.,Kim, Y.-L.,Han, S.,Kim, C.-D. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Tissue antigens Vol.76 No.4

<P>Several studies have showed an association of gene polymorphisms with the development of glomerulonephritis (GN). We investigated the effects of gene polymorphisms on the development of GN by analyzing polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-18, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes in Korean patients with primary GN. The study included 146 normal subjects (controls) and 100 patients diagnosed with primary GN by kidney biopsy. The gene polymorphisms A-607C and G-137C in <I>IL-18</I>, C-509T and T869C in <I>TGF-</I>β<I>1</I>, and C-2578A and C405G in <I>VEGF</I> were investigated in DNA extracted from peripheral blood. Significant differences were observed between the GN and control groups in the genotype and allele frequencies of A-607C <I>IL-18</I> and C405G <I>VEGF</I>. The frequencies of the <I>IL-18</I>−607CC genotype [<I>P</I> = 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 2.473] and the <I>VEGF</I> 405GG genotype (<I>P</I> = 0.001, OR = 2.473) were significantly increased in the GN group. The combination of <I>IL-18</I>−607CC+ and <I>VEGF</I> 405GG+ genotypes had a higher risk for developing GN in comparison with the combination of <I>IL-18</I>−607CC− and <I>VEGF</I> 405GG− genotypes (<I>P</I> < 0.001, OR = 8.642). In the haplotype analysis of the <I>IL-18</I> gene, the CG haplotype was significantly more frequent in the GN group than the control group (61.5% <I>vs</I> 46.9%, <I>P</I> = 0.002). These results show that the −607CC genotype of the <I>IL-18</I> gene and the 405GG genotype of the <I>VEGF</I> gene are associated with susceptibility to and the development of primary GN.</P>

Supplementation of oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine with M2e antigen enhances resistance against heterologous H9N2 avian influenza virus infection

Park, J.K.,Lee, D.H.,Cho, C.H.,Yuk, S.S.,To, E.O.,Kwon, J.H.,Noh, J.Y.,Kim, B.Y.,Choi, S.W.,Shim, B.S.,Song, M.K.,Lee, J.B.,Park, S.Y.,Choi, I.S.,Song, C.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Veterinary microbiology Vol.169 No.3

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 has been evolving rapidly and vaccine escape variants have been reported to cause circulation of infections and economic losses. In the present study, we developed and evaluated ectodomain of the AIV matrix 2 (M2e) protein as a supplementing antigen for oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine to increase resistance against vaccine escape variants. AIV H9N2 M2e antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli and supplemented to inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccine. Specific pathogen-free chickens received a single injection of inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccines with or without M2e supplementation. At three weeks post vaccination, hemagglutination inhibition tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine serological immune responses. Challenge study using a vaccine escape H9N2 variant was performed to evaluate the efficacy of M2e supplementation. M2e antigen supplemented in oil emulsion vaccine was highly immunogenic, and a single M2e-supplemented vaccination reduced challenge virus replication and shedding more effectively than non-supplemented vaccination.

세관 양광주 방전에서 플라즈마 확산의 완전 해

김동준,정종문,김정현,황하청,정재윤,조윤희,임현교,구제환,최은하,조광섭,Jin, D.J.,Jeong, J.M.,Kim, J.H.,Hwang, H.C.,Chung, J.Y.,Cho, Y.H.,Lim, H.K.,Koo, J.H.,Choi, E.H.,Cho, G.S. 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.1

관경이 수 mm인 세관 램프 내부에서 플라즈마의 확산을 조사하기 위하여 이극성(ambipolar) 확산방정식을 해하였다. 반경 방향의 확산에 의한 유리관 벽에서의 플라즈마 소멸 특성시간은 $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$로 주어진다. 반경 $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$이고 이극성 확산계수 $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$ 이면, $\tau_r{\sim}17\;{\mu}s$이다. 이는 램프의 교류전원 구동에서 플라즈마를 유지하기 위한 구동 최소 주파수 ~30 kHz에 해당한다. 고전압이 인가되는 전극부에 발생한 고밀도의 플라즈마가 양광주로 확산되는 특성시간은 $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$이다. 고밀도 플라즈마 경계에서의 시간에 대한 확산속도는 $t{\sim}10^{-6}\;s$일 때 $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$이고, $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$이면 그 속도는 $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$로 느려진다. 따라서 램프 길이 ~1 m에 대하여 전극부에서 생성된 고밀도 플라즈마가 양광주 전체로 확산되는 시간은 수 초가 걸린다. The ambipolar diffusion equation has been solved in a fine-tube lamp of a few mm in diameter. In the diffusion of radial direction, the plasma diffuses and vanishes away at the glass wall by recombination with the characteristic time of plasma loss is given by $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$. With the radius $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$ and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$, the vanishing time is calculated $\tau_r{\sim}10\;{\mu}s$ which corresponds to the least value of frequency 30 kHz for the sustaining the plasma in the operation of high voltage AC-power. In the diffusion of longitudinal z-direction, a high density plasma generated at the area of a high voltage electrode, diffuses into the positive column with the characteristic time $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$. The plasma diffusion velocity at the boundary of high density plasma is $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$ at the time $t{\sim}10^{-6}$ s and the diffusion velocity becomes slow as $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$ at $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$. Therefore, for the long lamp of 1 m, it takes about several seconds for the high density plasma at the area of electrode to diffuse through the whole positive column space.

Prognostic Value of Multidetector Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Relation to Exercise Electrocardiogram in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Cho, I.,Shim, J.,Chang, H.J.,Sung, J.M.,Hong, Y.,Shim, H.,Kim, Y.J.,Choi, B.W.,Min, J.K.,Kim, J.Y.,Shim, C.Y.,Hong, G.R.,Chung, N. Elsevier Biomedical 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY - Vol.60 No.21

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prognostic value of multidetector coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in relation to exercise electrocardiography (XECG) findings. Background: The prognostic usefulness of coronary CTA findings of coronary artery disease in relation to XECG findings has not been explored systematically. Methods: Patients with suspected coronary artery disease who had undergone both coronary CTA and XECG (<90 days between tests) from 2003 through 2009 were enrolled retrospectively. Coronary CTA results were classified according to the severity of maximal stenosis (normal, mild: <40% of luminal stenosis, moderate: 40% to 69%, severe: ≥70%), XECG results were categorized as positive and negative, and Duke XECG score was calculated. Clinical follow-up data were collected for major adverse cardiac events (MACE): cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring hospitalization, and revascularization after 90 days from index coronary CTA. C-statistics were calculated to compare discriminatory values of each test. Results: Among the 2,977 (58 +/- 10 years) study patients, 12% demonstrated positive XECG results. By coronary CTA, patients were categorized as normal (56%) or having mild (26%), moderate (13%), or severe (5%) disease. During a median follow-up of 3.3 years (interquartile range: 2.3 to 4.6), 97 MACE were observed and the 5-year cumulative event rate was 3.6% (95% confidence interval: 3.0 to 4.3). Although both XECG (C-statistic: 0.790) and coronary CTA (C-statistic: 0.908) improved risk stratification beyond clinical risk factors (C-statistic: 0.746, p < 0.05 for all), XECG in addition to coronary CTA (C-statistic: 0.907) did not provide better discrimination than coronary CTA alone (p = 0.389). In subgroup analyses, coronary CTA stratified risk of MACE in groups with both positive and negative XECG results (all p < 0.001 for trend). However, positive XECG results predicted risk of MACE on coronary CTA only in the moderate stenosis group (hazard ratio: 2.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.29 to 5.19, p = 0.008) and severe stenosis group (hazard ratio: 2.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.19 to 4.38, p = 0.013). Conclusions: In patients with suspected coronary artery disease, coronary CTA discriminates future risk of MACE in patients independent of XECG results. Compared with coronary CTA, XECG has an additive prognostic value only in patients with moderate to severe stenosis on coronary CTA.