Evaluation of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein as a new protein source for broiler chickens in replacement of soybean meal

Chen Xing,Zheng Aijuan,Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado,Chen Zhimin,Qiu Kai,Wang Zedong,Chang Wenhuan,Cai Huiyi,Liu Guohua 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.7

Objective: The object of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) in broiler diets on growth performance, blood indicators, antioxidant capacity, and immune function. Methods: A total of 180 Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into three treatments, each treatment with six replicates and 10 broilers per replicate for a 42-day feeding trial. The control group (CON) was fed corn-soybean meal based diet. The CAP-1 and CAP-2 groups were considered to use CAP to replace 25% or 50% of soybean meal in the diet, respectively. The average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers at 1 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, and 1 to 42 d were measured, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. At the 42nd day of age, two broilers with similar weights and fasted for 12 h were selected in each replicate for blood collection from the brachial wing vein. The blood routine indicators, serum biochemical indicators, serum antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broiler chickens were measured. Results: Replacement of soybean meal with 25% (CAP-1) and 50% (CAP-2) CAP significantly increased the average daily gain of 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d and decreased the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate (p<0.05). The CAP-1 group, and CAP-2 group significantly increased hemoglobulin in the blood of broilers, while the CAP-2 group increased hematocrit content (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of superoxide dismutase and immunoglobulin A in serum of the CAP-2 group were significantly increased, while the contents of malondialdehyde in CAP group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Replacing soybean meal with CAP led to significant improvements in the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broilers. Objective: The object of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with <i>Clostridium autoethanogenum</i> protein (CAP) in broiler diets on growth performance, blood indicators, antioxidant capacity, and immune function.Methods: A total of 180 Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into three treatments, each treatment with six replicates and 10 broilers per replicate for a 42-day feeding trial. The control group (CON) was fed corn-soybean meal based diet. The CAP-1 and CAP-2 groups were considered to use CAP to replace 25% or 50% of soybean meal in the diet, respectively. The average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers at 1 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, and 1 to 42 d were measured, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. At the 42nd day of age, two broilers with similar weights and fasted for 12 h were selected in each replicate for blood collection from the brachial wing vein. The blood routine indicators, serum biochemical indicators, serum antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broiler chickens were measured.Results: Replacement of soybean meal with 25% (CAP-1) and 50% (CAP-2) CAP significantly increased the average daily gain of 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d and decreased the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate (p<0.05). The CAP-1 group, and CAP-2 group significantly increased hemoglobulin in the blood of broilers, while the CAP-2 group increased hematocrit content (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of superoxide dismutase and immunoglobulin A in serum of the CAP-2 group were significantly increased, while the contents of malondialdehyde in CAP group were significantly decreased (p<0.05).Conclusion: Replacing soybean meal with CAP led to significant improvements in the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broilers.

Decreased expression of ATF3, orchestrated by β-catenin/TCF3, miR-17-5p and HOXA11-AS, promoted gastric cancer progression via increased β-catenin and CEMIP

Xie Guohua,Dong ping,Chen Hui,Xu Ling,Liu Yi,Ma Yanhui,Zheng Yingxia,Yang Junyao,Zhou Yunlan,Chen Lei,Shen Lisong 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

ATF3 has been reported to be dysregulated in various cancers and involved in various steps of tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the abnormal expression of ATF3 and its biological function in gastric cancer (GC) have not been well investigated. Here, we report ATF3 as one of the key regulators of GC development and progression. Patients with low ATF3 expression had shorter survival and a poorer prognosis. In vitro and in vivo assays investigating ATF3 alterations revealed a complex integrated phenotype that affects cell growth and migration. Strikingly, high-throughput sequencing and microarray analysis of cells with ATF3 silencing or of ATF3-low GC tissues indicated alterations in the Wnt signaling pathway, focal adhesions and adherens junctions. Mechanistically, the expression of β-catenin and cell migration inducing hyaluronidase 1 (CEMIP) was significantly upregulated in GC cells with downregulated ATF3, which was synergistically repressed by the β-catenin/TCF3 signaling axis and noncoding RNA miR-17-5p and HOXA11-AS. In addition, we found that WDR5 expression was promoted by TCF3 and is involved in miR-17-5p and HOXA11-AS activation in GC cells. Taken together, our findings revealed the mechanism of ATF3 downregulation and its biological role in regulating the expression of Wnt signaling-related genes during GC progression, suggesting new informative biomarkers of malignancy and therapeutic directions for GC patients.

Investigate the Effect of Potassium on Nodule Symbiosis and Uncover an HAK/KUP/KT Member, GmHAK5, Strongly Responsive to Root Nodulation in Soybean

Liu Jianjian,Liu Jinhui,Cui Miaomiao,Chen Xiao,Liu Junli,Chen Jiadong,Chen Aiqun,Xu Guohua 한국식물학회 2022 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.65 No.6

Leguminous plants form root nodule organs with soil rhizobia bacteria, which can fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and supply ammonia to the host plant. It is established that the symbiotic N fixation efficiency is substantially influenced by plant nutrients, such as molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Potassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in plant cells; however, little evidence regarding the potential link between K nutrition and symbiotic N fixation efficiency is available to date. Here, we showed that K+ deficiency reduced the efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and inoculated with rhizobia strain USDA110 could improve plant K+ acquisition. Furthermore, we identified a potassium transporter gene (GmHAK5) that was highly expressed in the root steles and in the vasculature cells of nodules. The GmHAK5 protein was localized at the plasma membrane and could rescue the growth phenotype of yeast K+ uptake-defective mutant. The results obtained from this study provides new insights for the understanding of the potential role of K+ nutrition in modulating symbiotic N fixation in soybean.

CRASHWORTHINESS OPTIMIZATION OF TAPERED UD-CFRP TUBE ACCOUNTING FOR MULTIPLE LOADING PANGLES

Chen Yisong,Zhu Guohua,Wang Zhen 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.4

Tapered composite energy-absorbing components have superior advantages in weight reduction and crashworthiness improvement subjected to oblique compressions compared to straight structures. This study investigated the crashworthiness characteristics of uni-directional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (UD-CFRP) tubes under various loading angles, and further provided the guidance on multi-objectives optimization for UD-CFRP tubes accounting for multiple loading cases. The crashworthiness characteristics of straight UD-CFRP tubes subjected to three compressive angles (0°, 10° and 20°) were firstly explored experimentally, and results indicated that energy-absorbing capacity of samples decreased with the loading angles increasing due to changes in deformation behaviors. The multi-layer finite element modes (FEMs) were developed and validated, and simulations found that internal energy (IE) of intra-CFRP layer and inter-cohesive layer, friction energy decreased with the increase in loading angles. Parametric studies indicated crashworthy performances of UD-CFRP samples under multiple loading angles can be further improved by adjusting the tapered angle or wall thickness. Consequently, the synthetic special energy absorption (SEAβ), synthetic peak crushing force (PCFβ) and mass of tapered tube were optimized accounting for three different loading groups. Compared to baseline sample, the SEAβ was improved by 14 %, while the PCFβ and mass were reduced by 30.2 % and 19 %, respectively.

New De-excitation Method for Large Hydraulic Generator

Chen, Xianming,Wang, Wei,Lu, Hongshui,Liu, Guohua,Zhu, Xiaodong The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2011 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.1 No.2

The requirement for arc voltage during the opening of a field breaker for large hydraulic generator increases when de-excitation (DE) is performed with a varistor parallel connected to field wingding. In fact, E.M.F of the field winding is required to be higher than the varistor threshold voltage during opening of field breaker. In this paper, the principle of DE with capacitors is introduced. The high voltage produced during DE by the R,L,C series oscillation is used to force the varistor into operation which decreases the opening arc voltage requirement of the field breaker. A simulation is completed to confirm the proper operation of the new DE approach.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a new therapeutic strategy for liver diseases

Guohua Lou,Zhi Chen,Min Zheng,Yanning Liu 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-

The administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a therapy for liver disease holds great promise. MSCs can differentiate into hepatocytes, reduce liver inflammation, promote hepatic regeneration and secrete protective cytokines. However, the risks of iatrogenic tumor formation, cellular rejection and infusional toxicity in MSC transplantation remain unresolved. Accumulating evidence now suggests that a novel cell-free therapy, MSC-secreted exosomes, might constitute a compelling alternative because of their advantages over the corresponding MSCs. They are smaller and less complex than their parent cells and, thus, easier to produce and store, they are devoid of viable cells, and they present no risk of tumor formation. Moreover, they are less immunogenic than their parent cells because of their lower content in membrane-bound proteins. This paper reviews the biogenesis of MSC exosomes and their physiological functions, and highlights the specific biochemical potential of MSC-derived exosomes in restoring tissue homeostasis. In addition, we summarize the recent advances in the role of exosomes in MSC therapy for various liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, acute liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma. This paper also discusses the potential challenges and strategies in the use of exosome-based therapies for liver disease in the future.

Optimizations of Canny Edge Detection in Ghost Imaging

Guohua Wu,Dongyue Yang,Chen Chang,Longfei Yin,Bin Luo,Hong Guo 한국물리학회 2019 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.75 No.3

An optimization of the Canny edge detector’s application in ghost imaging is presented. Based on the pseudo-thermal light ghost imaging scheme with a binary object, a thin and accurate edge map can be extracted by using a Gaussian-filtering-optimized Canny edge detector. The scale of the Gaussian filter in Canny edge detection algorithm is the dominate factor in the performance of the edge detector, and can be evaluated by the bit error rate of reconstructed binary image based on the edge map. Simulation results indicate the optimal window size of Gaussian filter for ghost imaging is proportional to the full width at half maximum of the self-correlation function in the idler arm samples without any priori knowledge of the object. Experimental results show that, with an appropriate Gaussian filter, the reconstructed binary image can approach the original binary object with the minimum bit error rate, which means the edge detection result is optimal.

Parameter estimation of partial linear model under monotonicity constraints with censored data

Wei Chen,Xiaojia Li,Dehui Wang,Guohua Shi 한국통계학회 2015 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.44 No.3

We propose a weighted least square method for estimation in the partial linear model with monotonicity constraints and right-censored data. This method uses the Kaplan–Meier weights to account for censoring and monotone B-splines to approximate the unknown monotone function.Weshow that the proposed estimator of regression coefficients is rootn consistent and asymptotically normal under appropriate assumptions. One advantage is that our method can be easily computed using existing software. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed method.

Researching the loading characteristics of a continuous miner on the basis of the fluidity effects of coal and rock particles

You Chen,Hong Zhang,Zhihong Zhang,Honghong Yan,Guohua Li,Xiaojuan Sun 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.6

Understanding the interaction between the star wheel arm and coal particles is important to efforts for improving the loading efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of the feeder star wheel. The interaction mechanism between the star wheel arm and coal particles is the theoretical basis of the research. First, the design method of the star wheel arm shape was provided, then a model of the star wheel was constructed with EDEM and a simulation structure. Finally, the influence of the parameters on loading efficiency and energy consumption was determined. Results have been shown that the coal particles in the active zone of the material pile exerts a fluidity effect on loading efficiency and torque. The loading efficiency and energy consumption have been increased with increase in the number of arm and height of the arm. The feeder inclination angle 14° is the best coal loading angle.

Physiological and Genetic Mechanisms for Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Maize

Mi, Guohua,Chen, Fanjun,Zhang, Fusuo The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.2

Due to the strong influence of nitrogen(N) on plant productivity, a vast amount of N fertilizers is used to maximize crop yield. Over-use of N fertilizers leads to severe pollution of the environment, especially the aquatic ecosystem, as well as reducing farmer's income. Growing of N-efficient cultivars is an important prerequisite for integrated nutrient management strategies in both low- and high-input agriculture. Taking maize as a sample crop, this paper reviews the response of plants to low N stress, the physiological processes which may control N-use efficiency in low-N input conditions, and the genetic and molecular biological aspects of N-use efficiency. Since the harvest index(HI) of modern cultivars is quite high, further improvement of these cultivars to adapt to low N soils should aim to increase their capacity to accumulate N at low N levels. To achieve this goal, establishment and maintenance of a large root system during the growth period may be essential. To reduce the cost of N and carbon for root growth, a strong response of lateral root growth to nitrate-rich patches may be desired. Furthermore, a large proportion of N accumulated in roots at early growth stages should be remobilized for grain growth in the late filling stage to increase N-utilization efficiency. Some QTLs and genes related to maize yield as well as root traits have been identified. However, their significance in improving maize NUE at low N inputs in the field need to be elucidated.