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Chang-Yun Liu,Ji-Lan Lin,Shu-Yan Feng,Chun-Hui Che,Hua-Pin Huang,Zhang-Yu Zou 대한신경과학회 2022 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.18 No.1
Background and Purpose Mutations in the FIG4 gene have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type 11 in Caucasian populations. The purpose of this study was to identify FIG4 variants in a cohort of 15 familial ALS (FALS) indexes and 275 sporadic ALS (SALS) patients of Han Chinese origin. Methods All 23 exons of FIG4 were sequenced using targeted next-generation sequencing. An extensive literature review was performed to detect genotype-phenotype associations of FIG4 mutations. Results No FIG4 variants were identified in the FALS patients. One novel heterozygous missense variant (c.352G>T [p.D118Y]) and one novel heterozygous nonsense variant (c.2158G>T [p.E720X]) in FIG4 were identified in two SALS patients. The p.E720X variant is interpreted as likely pathogenic while the p.D118Y variant is a variant of uncertain significance. The patient carrying the p.E720X mutation developed lower-limb-onset slowly progressive ALS, and survived for 11.5 years. The patient harboring the FIG4 p.D118Y variant also presented with progressive ALS, with the score on the ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS-R) decreasing by 0.4 per month. The rate of decrease in the ALSFRS-R scores from symptom onset to diagnosis seemed to be lower in the patients carrying FIG4 variants than the no-FIG4-mutation ALS patients in this study. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ALS patients carrying FIG4 mutations are not common in the Chinese population and are more likely to exhibit slow progression.
Influences of High Environmental Temperatures in Pigs
Yun, Won. Lee, Ji-Hwan. Lee, Chang-Hee. Kwak, Woo-Gi. Oh, Han-Jin. Liu, Shu-Dong. Kim, Doo-Wan. Cho, Jin-Ho. 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2017 農業科學硏究 Vol.33 No.1
The thermal environment is the most important ecological factor determining the growth, development, and productivity of domestic animals. In modern, environmental-caused heat stress is with major concern because of its harmful impacts, especially for high-productive animals. Especially, swine are extremely weak to high environmental temperatures because their sweat gland are not developed on body. When pigs are exposed to high environmental temperature and feel the heat stress, it causes various changes in the body such as blood flow, hormone, digestive system. The intestine is highly sensitive to heat stress in swine. Therefore, heat stress is directly related to pig production. Particle size of the feed ingredients is also an important factor in pig production. Thus, it is also important to fine the appropriate particle size of feed ingredients at high environmental temperatures.
Occupational Neurotoxic Diseases in Taiwan
Liu, Chi-Hung,Huang, Chu-Yun,Huang, Chin-Chang Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2012 Safety and health at work Vol.3 No.4
Occupational neurotoxic diseases have become increasingly common in Taiwan due to industrialization. Over the past 40 years, Taiwan has transformed from an agricultural society to an industrial society. The most common neurotoxic diseases also changed from organophosphate poisoning to heavy metal intoxication, and then to organic solvent and semiconductor agent poisoning. The nervous system is particularly vulnerable to toxic agents because of its high metabolic rate. Neurological manifestations may be transient or permanent, and may range from cognitive dysfunction, cerebellar ataxia, Parkinsonism, sensorimotor neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction to neuromuscular junction disorders. This study attempts to provide a review of the major outbreaks of occupational neurotoxins from 1968 to 2012. A total of 16 occupational neurotoxins, including organophosphates, toxic gases, heavy metals, organic solvents, and other toxic chemicals, were reviewed. Peer-reviewed articles related to the electrophysiology, neuroimaging, treatment and long-term follow up of these neurotoxic diseases were also obtained. The heavy metals involved consisted of lead, manganese, organic tin, mercury, arsenic, and thallium. The organic solvents included n-hexane, toluene, mixed solvents and carbon disulfide. Toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide were also included, along with toxic chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, organophosphates, and dimethylamine borane. In addition we attempted to correlate these events to the timeline of industrial development in Taiwan. By researching this topic, the hope is that it may help other developing countries to improve industrial hygiene and promote occupational safety and health care during the process of industrialization.
Liu, Qiang,Zhou, Shi-Shun,Jin, Xiao-Hua,Pan, Bo,Maung, Kyaw Win,Zyaw, Myint,Li, Ren,Quan, Rui-Chang,Tan, Yun-Hong Pensoft Publishers 2018 PhytoKeys Vol.94 No.-
<P>Abstract</P><P><I>Dendrobiumnaungmungense</I>, a new species from Naungmung, Kachin State, North Myanmar, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to <I>D.ciliatilabellum</I> and <I>D.vexabile</I>, but the epichile is oblong with three long-ciliate laminae and the column wing has significant denticulation. A preliminary risk-of-extinction assessment shows that the new species should be regarded as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.</P>
Feeding Value of Whole Crop Cereal Silage for Pigs
Chang-Hee Lee, Won Yun, Ji-Hwan Lee, Woo-Gi Kwak, Seo-Young Oh, Shu-Dong Liu,Seong-Jeong Park, and Jin-Ho Cho 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2016 農業科學硏究 Vol.32 No.2
Feed cost is one of the most important parts of the pig production industry. Whole crop cereal is cheaper price than corn which is contained in a lot of formula feed. In order to increase the nutritional value, whole crop cereals are usually made into silage. The silage method can have an effect of lengthening the storage period, and reduce the difficult to digest dietary fiber through lactic acid fermentation. Fermented whole crop cereal could have an advantage of productivity and healthy in pigs. As results, fermented whole crop cereal could potentially replace as a part of concentrated feed for pigs.
포도주스 침지 제조 흑삼의 Ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub> 함량 변화와 Acetylcholinesterase 억제효과
이미라,윤범식,손백신,류뢰,장동량,왕춘년,왕젠,이선영,모은경,성창근,Lee, Mi-Ra,Yun, Beom-Sik,Sun, Bai-Shen,Liu, Lei,Zhang, Dong-Liang,Wang, Chun-Yan,Wang, Zhen,Ly, Sun-Young,Mo, Eun-Kyung,Sung, Chang-Keun 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.4
흑삼의 속성제조와 ginsenoside $Rg_3$ 함량을 극대화하고자 흑삼 제조시 포도주스에 24시간 침지한 후 $120^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 3회 반복 증숙하여 흑삼을 제조한 후 HPLC 방법을 이용하여 ginsenosides를 분석하였다. 포도주스에 침지하여 제조한 흑삼의 ginsenoside $Rg_3$ 함량은 10.91 mg/g으로 구증구포 방법으로 제조한 흑삼보다 약 2배 가량 함량이 증가되었다. 총 사포닌 함량은 14.97 mg/g으로 전통적인 구증구포 방식으로 제조한 흑삼 (12.79 mg)보다 그 함량이 높았다. 흑삼의 단회투여 (200 mg/kg, p.o.)에 의한 뇌조직 AChE 활성은 투여 24시간 후에 유의적으로 억제되는 효과를 보여주었다. 따라서 본 연구에 적용한 새로운 제조방법은 ginsenoside $Rg_3$를 강화하는 흑삼의 속성제조에 효과적인 방법으로 판단된다. 또한, AChE 활성억제를 통해 흑삼이 뇌기능 개선에 대한 잠재적인 효능을 가지고 있는 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to develop a new method for enhancing ginsenoside $Rg_3$, which is abundant in black ginseng. The cognition-enhancing effect of black ginseng extract was investigated via the assay of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Black ginseng I was prepared through the traditional method (by steaming and drying nine times repetitions). Black ginseng II, on the other hand, was prepared by steaming the ginseng three times at $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min after soaking it in grape juice for 24 h. The ginsenosides of white, red, and black ginseng I, and II were investigated using the HPLC method, respectively. In black ginseng II, the ginsenoside $Rg_3$ contents, which cannot be found in white ginseng, amounted to 10.91 mg/g, approximately 18 times more than that in red ginseng. In the in-vivo study, black ginseng extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the AChE activity after 24 h by a single administration in the brain. Thus, the new manufacturing method for black ginseng was found to more effective in the conversion of ginsenoside $Rg_3$ compared to the traditional method. Black ginseng may also have the effect of preventing the cognitive impairment induced by cholinergic dysfunction.
( Yun Qiang Liu ),( Mei Ling Wang ),( Si Yuan Jiang ),( Yong Jie Lu ),( Da Chang Tao ),( Yuan Yang ),( Yong Xin Ma ),( Si Zhong Zhang ) 생화학분자생물학회 2014 BMB Reports Vol.47 No.2
Tissue-specific gene expression is regulated by epigenetic modification involving trans-acting factors. Here, we identified that the human MAGEB16 gene and its mouse homolog, Mageb16, are only expressed in the testis. To investigate the mechanism governing their expression, the promoter methy-lation status of these genes was examined in different samples. Two CpG islands (CGIs) in the 5` upstream region of MAGEB16 were highly demethylated in human testes, whereas they were methylated in cells without MAGEB16 expression. Similarly, the CGI in Mageb16 was hypomethylated in mouse testes but hypermethylated in other tissues and cells without Mageb16 expression. Additionally, the expression of these genes could be activated by treatment with the demethylation agent 5`-aza-2`- deoxycytidine (5`-aza-CdR). Luciferase assays revealed that both gene promoter activities were inhibited by methylation of the CGI regions. Therefore, we propose that the testis-specific expression of MAGEB16 and Mageb16 is regulated by the methylation status of their promoter regions. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(2): 86-91]
Yun-Ru Liu,El-Wui Loh,Tsung-Ming Hu,Tsuo-Hung Lan,Hsien-Jane Chiu,Yung-Han Chang,Shuo-Fei Chen,Yen-Hsin Yu,Cheng-Chung Chen 대한신경정신의학회 2014 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.11 No.2
Objective Metabolic abnormalities, e.g., diabetes, are common among schizophrenia patients. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) regulates glucose/lipid metabolisms, and schizophrenia like syndrome may be induced by actions involving retinoid X receptor-α/PPAR-γ heterodimers. We examined a possible role of the PPAR-γ gene in metabolic traits and psychosis profile in schizophrenia patients exposed to antipsychotics. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PPAR-γ gene and a serial of metabolic traits were determined in 394 schizophrenia patients, among which 372 were rated with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results SNP-10, -12, -18, -19, -20 and -26 were associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) whereas SNP-18, -19, -20 and -26 were associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG). While SNP-23 was associated with triglycerides, no associations were identified between the other SNPs and lipids. Further haplotype analysis demonstrated an association between the PPAR-γ gene and psychosis profile. Conclusion Our study suggests a role of the PPAR-γ gene in altered glucose levels and psychosis profile in schizophrenia patients exposed to antipsychotics. Although the Pro12Ala at exon B has been concerned an essential variant in the development of obesity, the lack of association of the variant with metabolic traits in this study should not be treated as impossibility or a proof of error because other factors, e.g., genes regulated by PPAR-γ, may have complicated the development of metabolic abnormalities. Whether the PPAR-γ gene modifies the risk of metabolic abnormalities or psychosis, or causes metabolic abnormalities that lead to psychosis, remains to be examined.