Bilateral Pedicle and Crossed Translaminar Screws in C2

Daniel Mendelsohn,Nicolas Dea,Robert Lee,Michael C. Boyd 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.5

Multiple techniques exist for the fixation of C2, including axial pedicle screws and bilateral translaminar screws. We describe a novel method of incorporating both the translaminar and pedicle screws within C2 to improve fixation to the subaxial spine in patients requiring posterior cervical instrumentation for deformity correction or instability. We report three cases of patients with cervical spinal instability, who underwent cervical spine instrumentation for stabilization and/or deformity correction. Bilateral C2 pedicle screws were inserted, followed by bilateral crossed laminar screws. The instrumentation method successfully achieved fixation in all three patients. There were no immediate postoperative complications, and hardware positioning was satisfactory. Instrumenting C2 with translaminar and pedicle screws is technically feasible, and it may improve fixation to the subaxial spine in patients with poor bone quality or severe subaxial deformity, which require a stronger instrumentation construct.

Molecular Imaging of CXCL12 Promoter-driven HSV1-TK Reporter Gene Expression

Lina Alon,Dara L. Kraitchman,Michael Schär,Angel Cortez,Nirbhay N. Yadav,Rebecca Krimins,Peter V. Johnston,Michael T. McMahon,Peter C. M. van Zijl,Sridhar Nimmagadda,Martin G. Pomper,Jeff W. M. Bulte 한국생물공학회 2018 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.23 No.2

The C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12, SDF1a) and its receptor, CXCR4, play a fundamental role in several biological processes, including hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, cancer progression, and stem cell migration. Noninvasive monitoring of CXCL12 is highly desirable for optimizing strategies that combine mobilization of therapeutic cells to combat cancer or to assist in cardiac tissue repair after myocardial infarction. Here, we report on an MRI reporter gene system for directly monitoring CXCL12 expression in vivo. Glioma cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) were transduced with the herpes simplex virus type-1-thymidine kinase (HSV1- tk) reporter gene expressed under the CXCL12 promoter. HSV1-tk expression resulted in accumulation of the PET tracer [125I]FIAU in vitro and in vivo and induced cell death after ganciclovir treatment. Furthermore, the results show that conditional expression of the reporter gene can be induced by hypoxia in transduced cells. Transduced hADSC were incubated with the CEST MRI probe 5-methyl-5, 6- dihydrothymidine (5-MDHT) and transplanted into swine heart. Transplanted cells were clearly visible on Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI using a 3T clinical scanner. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible to image CXCL12 expression with MRI in a large animal model, opening up a possible route to clinical translation.

Novel Semiconductor Devices for High Speed VLSI and Ultra-High Frequency Applications

Shur,Michael S.,Lee,Kwy Ro,Peatman,William C. B.,Gelmont,Boris 대한전자공학회 1993 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.3 No.1

We discuss novel device structures which may present an alternative to conventional technology choices for ultra-high speed integrated circuits. These devices include n-HFETs, Dipole HFETs, complementary HFETr (C-HFETs), split-gate and Variable Threshold voltage HFETs (VTHFETs), Tunneling Emitter Bipolar Transistors (TEBTs), and heterodimensional transistors. π-HFETs are most suitable far digital VLSI applications, C-HFETs hold promise of low power VLSI. Splitgate FETs and Tunneling Emitter Bipolar Transistors devices may find applications in millimeter and submillimeter range. Heterodimensional Transistors have a potential of ultra-low power applications.

Lipid Peroxidation and the Thiobarbituric Acid Assay : Standardization of the Assay When Using Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Rael, Leonard T.,Thomas, Gregory W.,Craun, Michael L.,Curtis, C. Gerald,Bar-Or, Raphael,Bar-Or, David 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.6

Saturated fatty acids are less vulnerable to lipid peroxidation than their unsaturated counterparts. In this investigation, individual fatty acids of the C_(16), C_(18) and C_(20) families were subjected to the thiobarbituric (TBA) assay. These fatty acids were chosen based on their degree of saturation and configuration of double bonds. Interestingly, an assay threshold was reached where increasing the fatty acid concentration resulted in no additional decrease in the TBARS concentrations. Therefore, the linear range of TBARS inhibition was determined for fatty acids in the C_(16) and C_(20) families. The rate of TBARS inhibition was greater for the saturated than for unsaturated fatty acids, as measured from the slope of the linear range. These findings demonstrate the need to standardize the TBARS assay using multiple fatty acid concentrations when using this assay for measuring in vitro lipid peroxidation.

Tensile Properties of Additively Manufactured C-18150 Copper Alloys

Congyuan Zeng,Hao Wen,Benjamin C. Bernard,Huan Ding,Jonathan R. Raush,Paul R. Gradl,Michael Khonsari,Shengmin Guo 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.1

The efect of aging processes on the tensile properties of C-18150 copper alloy samples, made by laser powder-bed-fusionadditive manufacturing (AM) process with three diferent fabrication orientations (horizontal, angled, and vertical to the builddirection), are investigated. For the as-fabricated C-18150 AM parts, horizontal and angled fabrication directions result inmarginally better tensile strengths and much improved strain-to-failure values than those of vertically built AM parts. Afterthe aging treatment, tensile strength can be signifcantly enhanced with a sacrifce of the strain-to-failure value. Moreover,the highest tensile strength is achieved by treating the as-fabricated samples at an aging temperature of 500 °C for 2 h. At800 °F (427 °C), both tensile strength and ductility are smaller than low temperature values (room temperature and 400 °F/204 °C). Phase constituents, microstructure, and composition distribution of the AM parts are characterized to gain insightinto the measured tensile properties.

Predictive Value of Plasma NGAL:Hepcidin-25 for Major Adverse Kidney Events After Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Pilot Study

Albert Christian,Haase Michael,Albert Annemarie,Ernst Martin,Kropf Siegfried,Bellomo Rinaldo,Westphal Sabine,Braun-Dullaeus Rüdiger C.,Haase-Fielitz Anja,Elitok Saban 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.4

Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and hepcidin-25 are involved in catalytic iron-related kidney injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. We explored the predictive value of plasma NGAL, plasma hepcidin-25, and the plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 ratio for major adverse kidney events (MAKE) after cardiac surgery. Methods: We compared the predictive value of plasma NGAL, hepcidin-25, and plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 with that of serum creatinine (Cr) and urinary output and protein for primary-endpoint MAKE (acute kidney injury [AKI] stages 2 and 3, persistent AKI >48 hours, acute dialysis, and in-hospital mortality) and secondary-endpoint AKI in 100 cardiac surgery patients at intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We performed ROC curve, logistic regression, and reclassification analyses. Results: At ICU admission, plasma NGAL, plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25, plasma interleukin-6, and Cr predicted MAKE (area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.77, 0.79, 0.74, and 0.74, respectively) and AKI (0.73, 0.89, 0.70, and 0.69). For AKI prediction, plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 had a higher discriminatory power than Cr (AUC difference 0.26 [95% CI 0.00–0.53]). Urinary output and protein, plasma lactate, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase myocardial band, and brain natriuretic peptide did not predict MAKE or AKI (AUC <0.70). Only plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 correctly reclassified patients according to their MAKE and AKI status (category-free net reclassification improvement: 0.82 [95% CI 0.12–1.52], 1.03 [0.29–1.77]). After adjustment to the Cleveland risk score, plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 ≥0.9 independently predicted MAKE (adjusted odds ratio 16.34 [95% CI 1.77–150.49], P=0.014). Conclusions: Plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 is a promising marker for predicting postoperative MAKE.

A Predictive Model of Failure to Rescue After Thoracolumbar Fusion

Joanna M. Roy,Aaron C. Segura,Kranti Rumalla,Georgios P. Skandalakis,Michael M. Covell,Christian A. Bowers 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.4

Objective: Although failure to rescue (FTR) has been utilized as a quality-improvement metric in several surgical specialties, its current utilization in spine surgery is limited. Our study aims to identify the patient characteristics that are independent predictors of FTR among thoracolumbar fusion (TLF) patients. Methods: Patients who underwent TLF were identified using relevant diagnostic and procedural codes from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2011–2020. Frailty was assessed using the risk analysis index (RAI). FTR was defined as death, within 30 days, following a major complication. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to compare baseline characteristics and early postoperative sequelae across FTR and non-FTR cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the discriminatory accuracy of the frailty-driven predictive model for FTR. Results: The study cohort (N = 15,749) had a median age of 66 years (interquartile range, 15 years). Increasing frailty, as measured by the RAI, was associated with an increased likelihood of FTR: odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) is RAI 21–25, 1.3 [0.8–2.2]; RAI 26–30, 4.0 [2.4–6.6]; RAI 31–35, 7.0 [3.8–12.7]; RAI 36–40, 10.0 [4.9–20.2]; RAI 41– 45, 21.5 [9.1–50.6]; RAI ≥ 46, 45.8 [14.8–141.5]. The frailty-driven predictive model for FTR demonstrated outstanding discriminatory accuracy (C-statistic = 0.92; CI, 0.89–0.95). Conclusion: Baseline frailty, as stratified by type of postoperative complication, predicts FTR with outstanding discriminatory accuracy in TLF patients. This frailty-driven model may inform patients and clinicians of FTR risk following TLF and help guide postoperative care after a major complication.

Molecular rectifier consisting of cytochrome c/GFP heterolayer by using metal coated optical fiber tip

최정우,Yun Suk Nam,Sung-Cheul Jeong,Won Hong Lee,Michael C. Petty 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.5

The molecular rectier consisting of protein heterolayer is investigated in molecular-scale for the construction of bioelectronicdevice. Cytochromec and green uorescence protein were used as an electron acceptor and a sensitizer in the molecular layer bymimicking the bacterial photosynthesis. Self-assembled monolayer of thiol-modied cytochromec was formed on Au coated glass,and then green uorescence protein was adsorbed onto the cytochromec surface by electrostatic attraction. The formation of cyto-chromec layer onto the Au substrate and green uorescence protein adsorption onto the cytochromec layer were observed by thesurface plasmon resonance measurement. The surface of heterolayer was observed and analyzed by the scanning tunneling micro-scopy. The rectifying property of proposed heterolayer was achieved by the scanning tunneling spectroscopy based currentvoltagemeasurement. Finally, the molecular rectifying property was veried.

Genome Wide Proteomics of ERBB2 and EGFR and Other Oncogenic Pathways in Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Zhang, Emma Yue,Cristofanilli, Massimo,Robertson, Fredika,Reuben, James M.,Mu, Zhaomei,Beavis, Ronald C.,Im, Hogune,Snyder, Michael,Hofree, Matan,Ideker, Trey,Omenn, Gilbert S.,Fanayan, Susan,Jeong, S American Chemical Society 2013 Journal of proteome research Vol.12 No.6

<P>In this study we selected three breast cancer cell lines (SKBR3, SUM149 and SUM190) with different oncogene expression levels involved in ERBB2 and EGFR signaling pathways as a model system for the evaluation of selective integration of subsets of transcriptomic and proteomic data. We assessed the oncogene status with reads per kilobase per million mapped reads (RPKM) values for ERBB2 (14.4, 400, and 300 for SUM149, SUM190, and SKBR3, respectively) and for EGFR (60.1, not detected, and 1.4 for the same 3 cell lines). We then used RNA-Seq data to identify those oncogenes with significant transcript levels in these cell lines (total 31) and interrogated the corresponding proteomics data sets for proteins with significant interaction values with these oncogenes. The number of observed interactors for each oncogene showed a significant range, e.g., 4.2% (JAK1) to 27.3% (MYC). The percentage is measured as a fraction of the total protein interactions in a given data set vs total interactors for that oncogene in STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins, version 9.0) and I2D (Interologous Interaction Database, version 1.95). This approach allowed us to focus on 4 main oncogenes, ERBB2, EGFR, MYC, and GRB2, for pathway analysis. We used bioinformatics sites GeneGo, PathwayCommons and NCI receptor signaling networks to identify pathways that contained the four main oncogenes and had good coverage in the transcriptomic and proteomic data sets as well as a significant number of oncogene interactors. The four pathways identified were ERBB signaling, EGFR1 signaling, integrin outside-in signaling, and validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation. The greater dynamic range of the RNA-Seq values allowed the use of transcript ratios to correlate observed protein values with the relative levels of the ERBB2 and EGFR transcripts in each of the four pathways. This provided us with potential proteomic signatures for the SUM149 and 190 cell lines, growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 (GRB7), Crk-like protein (CRKL) and Catenin delta-1 (CTNND1) for ERBB signaling; caveolin 1 (CAV1), plectin (PLEC) for EGFR signaling; filamin A (FLNA) and actinin alpha1 (ACTN1) (associated with high levels of EGFR transcript) for integrin signalings; branched chain amino-acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1), carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CAD), nucleolin (NCL) (high levels of EGFR transcript); transferrin receptor (TFRC), metadherin (MTDH) (high levels of ERBB2 transcript) for MYC signaling; S100-A2 protein (S100A2), caveolin 1 (CAV1), Serpin B5 (SERPINB5), stratifin (SFN), PYD and CARD domain containing (PYCARD), and EPH receptor A2 (EPHA2) for PI3K signaling, p53 subpathway. Future studies of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), from which the cell lines were derived, will be used to explore the significance of these observations.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jprobs/2013/jprobs.2013.12.issue-6/pr4001527/production/images/medium/pr-2013-001527_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/pr4001527'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Optimization of a Solution-Processed SiO₂ Gate Insulator by Plasma Treatment for Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors

Jeong, Yesul,Pearson, Christopher,Kim, Hyun-Gwan,Park, Man-Young,Kim, Hongdoo,Do, Lee-Mi,Petty, Michael C. American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.3

<P>We report on the optimization of the plasma treatment conditions for a solution -processed silicon dioxide gate insulator for application in zinc oxide thin film transistors (TFTs). The SiO2 layer was formed by spin coating a perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) precursor. This thin film was subsequently thermally annealed, followed by exposure to an oxygen plasma, to form an insulating (leakage current density of similar to 10(-)7 A/cm(2)) SiO2 layer. Optimized ZnO TFTs (40 W plasma treatment of the gate insulator for 10 s) possessed a carrier mobility of 3.2 cm(2)/(V s), an on/off ratio of similar to 10(7), a threshold voltage of -1.3 V, and a subthreshold swing of 0.2 V/decade. In addition, long-term exposure (150 min) of the pre -annealed PHPS to the oxygen plasma enabled the maximum processing temperature to be reduced from 180 to 150 degrees C. The resulting ZnO TFT exhibited a carrier mobility of 1.3 cm(2)/(V s) and on/off ratio of similar to 10(7).</P>