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노숙현,이동훈,최충렬,박만,박병윤,최정 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.4
This study was conducted to provide the basic information to know reasonable method for the removal and treatment of municipal solid wastes(MSWs). MSWs four different sources(apartment, residence, commerce, office/industry) in Daegu city were collected, and bulk density, physical composition, moisture, combustible, ash, elements and heating values were investigated. The values of bulk density were at range of 0.30~0.41ton/㎥. The percentages of foods, papers, vinyls/plastics, textiles, rubbers/leathers, metals and glasses/ceramics of wet muncipal solid wastes from three sources except office/industry were at range of 27.3~46.4&, 21.2~38.4%, 10.3~11.9%, 3.8~5.2%, 0.5~1.7%, 6.9~8.7% and 1.9~2.6% respectively. The percentages of papers, foods, vinyls/plastics, textiles, rubbers/leathers, metals and glasses/ceramics of dry muncipal solid wastes from three sources except office/industry were at range of 21.2~40.4%, 14.2~30.1% 15.2~17.8%, 4.0~6.0%, 0.9~2.8%, 12.2~14.1% and 3.1~3.7% respectively. The moisture contents of foods, woods, textiles and papers in wastes were at range of 65.7~76.2%, 34.6~50.0%, 22.2~44.8 and 30.6~44.4% respectively. The carbon contents of vinyls/plastics, rubbers/leathers, textiles, woods, papers and foods in wastes were at range of 75.88~79.87%, 58.24~70.74%, 45.23~51.63%, 42.29~45.58%, 40.19~48.4% and 25.86~36.25% respectively. The low heating values of foods, papers, woods, textiles, rubbers/leathers and vinyls/plastics by Dulong's law were at range of 178~1,353㎉/㎏, 770~1,660㎉/㎏, 995~1,629㎉/㎏, 2,133~2,432㎉/㎏, 4,200~7,275㎉/㎏ and 6,384~8,722㎉/㎏ respectively, and the high heating values of them were at range of 782~2,056㎉/㎏, 2,459~3,314㎉/㎏, 3,056~3,592㎉/㎏, 4,381~5,087㎉/㎏, 5,005~8,066㎉/㎏ and 10,032~10,739㎉/㎏ respectively.
Choi, E Ryoung,Park, Sung-Ji,Choe, Yeon Hyeon,Ryu, Dong Ryeol,Chang, Sung-A,Choi, Jin-Oh,Lee, Sang-Chol,Park, Seung Woo,Kim, Byoung Joon,Kim, Duk-Kyung,Oh, Jae K BioMed Central 2010 Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance Vol.12 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Miyoshi myopathy (MM) is an autosomal recessive distal myopathy characterized by early adult onset. Cardiomyopathy is a major clinical manifestation in other muscular dystrophies and an important prognostic factor. Although dysferlin is highly expressed in cardiac muscle, the effect of dysferlin deficiency in cardiac muscle has not been studied. We hypothesized that early myocardial dysfunction could be detected by 2D strain echocardiography and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).</P><P><B>Method</B></P><P>Five consecutive MM patients (3 male) in whom we detected the DYSF gene mutation and age-matched healthy control subjects were included. None of the patients had history of cardiac disease or signs and symptoms of overt heart failure. Patients were studied using 2D strain echocardiography and CMR, with 2D strain being obtained using the Automated Function Imaging technique.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>All patients had preserved left ventricular systolic function. However, segmental Peak Systolic Longitudinal Strain (PSLS) was decreased in 3 patients. Global PSLS was significantly lower in patients with MM than in control subjects (p = 0.005). Basal anterior septum, basal inferior septum, mid anterior, and mid inferior septum PSLS were significantly lower in patients with MM than in control subjects (P < 0.0001, < 0.0001, 0.038 and 0.003, respectively). Four patients showed fibrosis by LGE. The reduced PSLS lesion detected by 2D strain tended to be in the same area as that which showed fibrosis by LGE.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Patients with MM showed subclinical involvement of the heart. 2D strain and LGE are sensitive methods for detecting myocardial dysfunction prior to the development of cardiovascular symptoms. The prognostic significance of these findings warrants further longitudinal follow-up.</P>
Face-Centered-Cubic Lithium Crystals Formed in Mesopores of Carbon Nanofiber Electrodes
Lee, Byoung-Sun,Seo, Jong-Hyun,Son, Seoung-Bum,Kim, Seul Cham,Choi, In-Suk,Ahn, Jae-Pyoung,Oh, Kyu Hwan,Lee, Se-Hee,Yu, Woong-Ryeol American Chemical Society 2013 ACS NANO Vol.7 No.7
<P>In the foreseeable future, there will be a sharp increase in the demand for flexible Li-ion batteries. One of the most important components of such batteries will be a freestanding electrode, because the traditional electrodes are easily damaged by repeated deformations. The mechanical sustainability of carbon-based freestanding electrodes subjected to repeated electrochemical reactions with Li ions is investigated <I>via</I> nanotensile tests of individual hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNFs). Surprisingly, the mechanical properties of such electrodes are improved by repeated electrochemical reactions with Li ions, which is contrary to the conventional wisdom that the mechanical sustainability of carbon-based electrodes should be degraded by repeated electrochemical reactions. Microscopic studies reveal a reinforcing mechanism behind this improvement, namely, that inserted Li ions form irreversible face-centered-cubic (FCC) crystals within HCNF cavities, which can reinforce the carbonaceous matrix as strong second-phase particles. These FCC Li crystals formed within the carbon matrix create tremendous potential for HCNFs as freestanding electrodes for flexible batteries, but they also contribute to the irreversible (and thus low) capacity of HCNFs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2013/ancac3.2013.7.issue-7/nn4019625/production/images/medium/nn-2013-019625_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn4019625'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
박병윤,천경아,이동훈,최충렬,최정,김진호 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.6
The pollution characteristics of groundwaters in Taegu City and correlation coefficients(r) between water pollution indicators were investigated for two years from January 1996 to December 1997. Volatile organic compounds such as TCE(tri-chloroethylene), PCE(tetrachloroethylene), 1,1,1-trichloroethane, THM(trihalo-methane), dichloromethane, pesticides such as diazinon, parathion, malathion, and toxic inoganic matters such as As, Hg, Se, Pb, Cd, Cr_6+ , CN were not detected in the groundwaters. Mean values of groundwater pollution indicators were below drinking-water standards, but hardness, KMnO_4-C(potassium permanganate consumption), evaporate residues, SO_4^-2, Fe, NO_3^--N, color and turbidity exceeded a little in some samples. As groundwater became deeper, hardness and evaporate residues remarkably increased, but KMnO_4-C, NO_3^- -N, Cl^-, color, turbity and bacteria decreased. KMnO_4-C, evaporate residues, Cl^- and SO_4^-2 were very high at industrial and commercial areas, and NO_3^--N and NH_4^+-N were very high at agricultural and forest areas. It showed high positive significances in the relationships between hardness and each of evaporate residues, SO_4^-2, Zn and Mn, KMnO_4-C and each of color, turbidity and Zn, color and each of turbidity, Cu, Zn and Mn, turbidity and each of Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn, and evaporate residues and each of Cl^-, SO_4^-2 and Zn.
Robust yarn electrodes for microbatteries with high areal capacity
Park, Sarang,Lee, Byoung-Sun,Kang, Tae-Hyung,Choi, In-Suk,Yu, Woong-Ryeol Elsevier 2019 Materials & Design Vol.166 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work reports the design strategy of mechanically robust yarn electrodes having high areal capacity (ca. 14 mAh/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) as building blocks for microbatteries. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO<SUB>4</SUB>) was embedded into poly(acrylonitrile) nanofibers (NFs) via electrospinning. The obtained NFs were assembled into yarns via a yarning process, and were then thermally treated to produce carbon NF yarns. A hot-stretching process was used between the yarning and thermal treatment processes, improving the mechanical (tensile modulus of 1.03 GPa and strength of 38 MPa) and electrical (43.1 S/cm) properties of the yarn electrodes. The free-standing yarn electrodes with different mass loadings showed stable cycling performances with reasonable reversible capacity (ca. 112 mAh/g) up to 30 cycles. These mechanically robust and electrochemically excellent yarn electrodes could serve as building blocks for various structures in advanced microbatteries requiring high areal density.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Twisted nanofiber yarn was designed as a building block electrode for microbatteries. </LI> <LI> Yarn electrodes revealed excellent mechanical (tensile strength of 38 MPa) and electrical (43.1 S/cm) properties. </LI> <LI> Free-standing yarn electrodes showed high areal capacity (ca. 14 mAh/cm2) and cycling stability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>