Study on Community Earthquake Preparedness in Urban Areas of Mongolia

Bazarragchaa Duudgai,Amarjargal Batbaatar 위기관리 이론과 실천 2022 Disastronomy Vol.5 No.2

Mongolia is in a highly active seismic zone in Central Asia. Historically, earthquakes with a magnitude of M>8 have occurred four times and M>7 more than 20 times in the 20th century. The frequency of earthquakes with M>=3.5 is constantly increasing. In 2021, the number of earthquakes in Mongolian territory reached 254, six times more than the average number of the last decade [1]. Simultaneously, Mongolia is experiencing rapid urbanization. 6.1 percent of the total Mongolian population resided in the cities in 1933 while commencing the transfer of nomadic husbandry lifestyles to settlement. The percentage of the urban population dramatically gained to 69.4 in 2021. Urbanization increases the disaster exposure of the communities in cities at high risk of earthquakes. Community earthquake preparedness, mainly urban community preparedness, is vital to prevent consequences caused by possible earthquake occurrences. Thus, we aimed to assess community earthquake preparedness in urban areas via an online survey based on voluntary participation. It covers the contents of disaster risk reduction knowledge, awareness, and practical skills; disaster preparedness habits and behavior change; and readiness for earthquake early warning signals for community disaster preparedness. The results state that the responses “Very High” and ‘High’ occupy only 23.5 percent of all respondents. Community disaster preparedness in cities is not adequate in Mongolia.

On the classification of the peripheral members of the sentences in Mongolian

M. Bazarragchaa 한국몽골학회 2005 몽골학 Vol.0 No.18

Pollen Morphology of the Family Lamiaceae in Mongolia

Badamtsetseg, Bazarragchaa,Lee, Sang-Myoung,Lee, Hwa-Yuon National Science Museum of Korea 2012 Journal of Korean nature Vol.5 No.2

Pollen morphology of 21 taxa belonging to 16 genera of the subfamilies: Ajugoideae, Scutellarioideae, Nepetoideae and Lamioideae from Mongolia were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pollen morphology in the family Lamiaceae pollen showed considerable variation in size (very small, small, medium to big), shape (prolate-spheroidal, subprolate to prolate) and exine ornamentation (tricolpate and hexacolpate; tuberculate, microreticulate, bireticulate or polish). Our study suggests pollen characters could be a useful tool to differentiate varies between genera in the family Lamiaceae. The tricolpate pollen were found in the genera belonging to subfamilies Ajugoideae, Scutellarioideae, Lamioideae, whereas, hexacolpate pollen were found in genera belonging to the subfamily Nepetoideae.

정보통신기술과 몽골어 활용

L. BAZARRAGCHAA,차츠랄 한국어정보학회 2003 한국어정보학 Vol.9ㆍ10 No.-

Scutellaria krasevii Kom. & I. Schischk. ex Juz. (Lamiaceae): a new record species from Mongolia

Badamtsetseg BAZARRAGCHAA,Gantuya BATDELGER,Darijmaa SHAGDAR,백운기,이중구 한국식물분류학회 2019 식물 분류학회지 Vol.49 No.2

We report Scutellaria krasevii Kom. & I. Schischk. ex Juz. (subfamily Scutellarioideae, family Lamiaceae) as a new recorded species of Mongolia. This species is morphologically similar to S. galericulata but can be differentiated by the presence of comparatively thick and triangular-cordate leaves having a heteromerously deep-crenate margin, a densely reclinate pubescent stem, and a densely pubescent corolla. A taxonomic description, a key to the genus in Mongolia, habit photographs, and scanning electron photomicrographs of nutlets are provided for species identification. We also present a table for a comparison of the diagnostic characteristics with those of related species. This species grows along the banks of the Unit river, Khutag-Undur soum, Bulgan province, Mongolia, approximately 2,300 km far away from the type locality in Russia.

Revised Taxonomic Identification of the Genus Lindernia (Linderniaceae), Weedy Plant in Korea

Badamtsetseg Bazarragchaa,Hyoun Sook Kim(김현숙),Sang Jin Lee(이상진),Seungah Yang(양승아),Yong Sik Lee(이용식),Jangyeol Park(박장열),Joongku Lee(이중구) 한국잡초학회 2019 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.39 No.1

An updated taxonomy of the family Linderniaceae in Korea

Badamtsetseg BAZARRAGCHAA,양승아,김현숙,이상진,이중구 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2019 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.46 No.4

In the present study, according to morphological observations followed by recent circumscriptions, we have classified the Korean taxa of the family Linderniaceae into Scrophulariaceae sensu lato has been considered in several works, though the taxa have remained undefined because identification work was mostly done according to vegetative morphological features, such as the leaf shape, leaf margins, and leaf venation. The taxa of Linderniaceae are mostly considered to be weeds and, for correct identification, it is necessary to clarify their taxonomic characteristics. Morphological studies were carried out using samples collected in the field. Micro-morphological observations of the vegetative and floral parts were also performed using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We concluded that important characteristics are reproductive morphologies viz. calyx, stamen structure, capsule shape, calyx ratio with capsule, inflorescence morphology, and seed morphology. As a result, we formulated taxa descriptions and provided a key of the genera of Linderniaceae in Korea. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. is transferred to Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & Schltdl. Lindernia micrantha D. Don and L. angustifolia (Benth.) Wettstein are a synonym of Vandellia micrantha (D. Don) Eb. Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll. Lindernia attenuata Muhl. and L. dubia var. major (Pursh) Pennell are a synonym of Lindernia dubia (L.). Lindernia verbenifolia (Colsm.) Pennell is a synonym of Bonnaya antipoda Druce. Our study reports the presence of four genera: Bonnaya, Lindernia, Torenia, and Vandellia, comprising six taxa under the family Linderniaceae in Korea.

Forest vegetation structure of Bogd Khan Mountain: A Strictly Protected Area in Mongolia

Badamtsetseg BAZARRAGCHAA,김현숙,Gantuya BATDELGER,Munkhjin Batkhuu,이상명,Seungah Yang,백운기,이중구 국립중앙과학관 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.15 No.2

Bogd Khan Mountain is a strictly protected area located in the Khentei mountain range. It lies in the transitional zone of the Siberian coniferous taiga and the Asian steppe and has a unique ecosystem. The present study was conducted with the objective of identifying the plant community type, forest structure, and the changes in forest stands of the Bogd Khan Mountain. Sampling was done at 155 plots randomly along the gradients of the entire forest. Differences in species composition, biological spectrum, species diversity, and importance value were analyzed in each community. This study revealed the occurrence of six plant community types comparing of Larix sibirica, Picea obovata, Pinus sibirica, Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica, Pinus sylvestris and Populus tremula. These communities were different in species richness, diversity, and their distribution correlated to the altitudinal gradient (score 0.71735; p value 0.001). An upsurge in Picea obovata, and Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica community was found, indicating changes in the ecosystem such as permafrost melting, caused by anthropogenic influences. We suggest preserving the main dominant tree species in the native communities and reduction of the anthropogenic impacts urgently for the effective management of the biodiversity of the Bogd Khan Mountain.

몽골 출토 옛사람 뼈와 치아에서 유전자 분석을 이용한 혈연관계조사

문흐체첵 바좌라그촤(Munkhtsetseg Bazarragchaa),김기정(Kijeong Kim),김재현(Jae-Hyun Kim),가와치멛 르학와수렝(Gavaachimed Lkhagvasuren),박애자(Ae-Ja Park),이광호(Kwang-Ho Lee),김대진(Dae-Jin Kim),정윤희(Yoon-Hee Chung),김성수(Sung-Su Kim),이원 대한체질인류학회 2009 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.22 No.4

몽골의 2000년 전의 한 고분군에서 발굴된 세 예의 옛사람뼈와 치아를 대상으로 유전자 분석을 이용해 혈연관계를 조사하였다. 각각의 옛사람에서 채취한 뼈와 치아의 처리는 오염방지시설인 청정실험실에서 실행하여 현대인 DNA에 의한 오염을 방지하였다. 핵산추출의 방법으로 ion-exchange column kit (Qiagen G-tip 20G, USA)를 이용하였다. 분리 정제한 옛사람뼈와 치아의 핵산에서 부계 반수체군(haplogroup), 모계 반수체군, 그리고 보통염색체 다형성표지자인 short tandem repeat (STR)을 대상으로 중합효소반응(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)을 하였다. 두 예에서 모계는 모두 D형이었으며, D형은 특히 현대 동북아시아지역에 흔한 유형 중의 하나였다. 이중 한 사람은 남성으로 부계는 C형으로 역시 현대 동북아시아 지역에 흔한 유형 중의 하나였다. 나머지 한 사람은 다른 두 사람의 것과는 달리 현대 유럽에서 가장 흔한 R형의 부계, 유럽과 동부지중해연안에 나타나는 U형의 모계이었다. 보통염색체 STR의 반복된 결과들이 동일한 값을 보여줘 DNA-VIEW 프로그램 (http://www.dna-view.com)을 이용해 STR 분석하였다. 두 예에서 모계의 반수체군은 같았으나, 세 예의 옛사람들 사이에 가까운 혈연관계는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구자들은 극히 일부의 연구자에서만 가능했던 옛사람뼈와 치아 DNA에서 보통염색체 STR의 연구의 가능한 방법을 이 연구를 통해 밝히고, 이 분야의 많은 연구자들이 보다 나은 연구결과를 도출해 낼 수 있기를 기대한다. The kinship was analyzed genetically on the three 2000 year old ancient human bones and teeth excavated in Mongolia. The samples were processed in a clean room to prevent the contamination from modem human DNA. The DNA extraction and purification was done with ion-exchange column kit (Qiagen G-tip 20G, USA). The PCR was done with purified DNAs from ancient human bones for paternal Y-SNP haplogroup, maternal mtDNA haplogroup, and autosomal short tandem repeats (STR). Two samples belonged to the maternal D major haplogroup, which is one of the most frequent types in the present North East Asia. One of them, showing male genotype, belonged to the paternal C major haplogroup, which is also one of the most frequent types in the present North East Asia. The remaining one belonged to the paternal R major haplogroup, frequent in the present Europe, and the maternal U haplogroup, frequent in the present Europe and East Mediterranean. The repeated results were consistent in the autosomal STR PCR. The STR data were analyzed with DNA-VIEW program (http://www.dna-view.com). which showed no close kinship among the three ancient humans. Our method was successful in the analyzing kinship among ancient human bones, which has been possible in few restricted laboratories in the World. Authors anticipate that many researchers could do their research in a better way to get the genetic information from ancient human bones.

Vegetation community classification of the Sanzai area in Mongolia

김현숙,Badamtsetseg BAZARRAGCHAA,이상명,Gantuya BATDELGER,박관수,이중구 국립중앙과학관 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.14 No.2

This study reports the forest vegetation community classification of the Sanzai area (Khentii range) inMongolia using the phytosociological method. The forest vegetation has been classified into five majortypes characterized by the following associations: Larix sibirica community, Pinus sylvestris community,Betula fusca-Picea obovata community, Betula platyphylla community, and Pinus sibirica community. Ecological characteristics such as species composition, layer structure, vegetation ratio, and the distributionof individual trees based on their diameter at breast height (DBH) are slightly different among theplant communities. In all communities, the significant value was highest in the Larix sibirica with 74.6%,followed by Pinus sibirica (64.2%), Betula platyphylla (59.5%), Pinus sylvestris (53.9%), and Picea obovata(47.7%). Our results of DBH analysis show that the size-frequency distribution of Pinus sylvestris, Pinussibirica, Larix sibirica, and Picea obovata was a binomial distribution in all the communities, suggestingthat for the time being, these species dominate continuously. In addition, it is likely that Betula platyphyllawill dominate rapidly because of its higher frequency of young individuals. This indicates theforest condition impairment in the forest of the Sanzai area.