正常白鼠臟器에서 抽出한 組織因子의 正常組織成長에 미치는 影響

李華永(Hwa Young Lee) 대한외과학회 1963 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.5 No.8

Fe/Ni 합금전착에 의한 다공성 그물군조 방열재료의 제조 연구

이화영,이관희,정원용,Lee, Hwa-Young,Lee, Kwan-Hyi,Jeung, Won-Young 한국전기화학회 2002 한국전기화학회지 Vol.5 No.3

다공성 그물구조 금속을 반도체 칩 방열재료로써 활용하기 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 다공성 그물구조 구리와 반도체 칩 사이의 열팽창 차이를 최소화하기 위한 시도로써 다공성 구리에 대한 Fe/Ni 합금전착을 수행하였다. Fe/Ni 합금전착 실험으로 표준 Hull Cell을 구성하고 전류밀도 분포에 따른 Fe/Ni 합금층 내의 조성변화를 관찰하였으며, 실험결과 합금전착시 이상공석현상으로 인하여 전해액의 교반정도에 따라 합금층 조성이 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험에서는 paddle type 교반기를 사용하여 전해질의 확산을 제어하는 방법으로 원하는 조성의 Fe/Ni 합금층을 얻을 수 있었으며, 얻어진 Fe/Ni 후막을 대상으로 TMA 열분석을 실시한 결과 구리에 비해 훨씬 낮은 열팽창율을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 실험에서 Fe/Ni 합금전착을 통하여 제작한 다공성 그물구조 금속을 대상으로 방열성능을 측정한 결과 구리 평판 대비 최대 2배 이상의 방열성능을 보여 반도체 칩 방열재료로의 활용 가능성을 높여 주었다. An attempt was made for the application of porous reticular metal to a heat dissipation material in semiconductor process. For this aim, the electrodeposition of Fe/Ni alloy on the porous reticular Cu has been performed to minimize the thermal expansion mismatch between Cu skeleton and electronic chip. Preliminary tests for the electrodeposition of Fe/Ni alloy layer were conducted by using standard Hull Cell to examine the effect of current density on the composition of alloy layer. It seemed that mass transfer affected significantly the composition of Fe/Ni layer due to anomalous codeposition in the electrodeposition of Fe/Ni alloy. A paddle type stirring bath, which was employed to control the mass transfer of electrolyte in the work, was found to allow the electrodeposition Fe/Ni with a precise composition. result showed that the thermal expansion of Fe/Ni alloy layer was much lower than that of pure copper. From the tests of heat dissipation by using the apparatus designed in the work the heat dissipation material fabricated in the work showed the excellent heat dissipation capacity, namely, more than two times as compared to that of pure copper plate.

염화(鹽化)알루미늄 수용액(水溶液)으로부터 Aluminum Tartrate의 합성(合成) 연구(硏究)

이화영,Lee, Hwa-Young 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2011 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.20 No.2

An investigation on the synthesis of aluminum tartrate, one of the aluminum organic compounds, has been performed using aluminum chloride solution as a raw material. For this aim, the effect of the ratio of ethanol/Al solution and pH on the synthesis of aluminum tartrate has been examined and aluminum tartrate synthesized has also been characterized in terms of the chemical composition, X-ray diffraction pattern, particle size distribution, and SEM analysis. As a result, the synthesis more than 97% could be obtained under the conditions of pH more than 3.0 at the ratio of ethanol/Al solution of 3.0. From the chemical analysis of aluminum tartrate synthesized in this work, the content of $NH_4$, Al and C was found to be 9.10, 4.83 and 25.8%, respectively. In addition, aluminum tartrate synthesized from the aluminum chloride solution was found to be $(NH_4)_3Al(C_4H_4O_6)_3$. 염화알루미늄 수용액을 원료로 하여 알루미늄 유기화합물인 aluminum tartrate 합성실험을 수행하였다. 합성시 ethanol/Al solution 혼합비율 및 pH가 합성율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 합성된 aluminum tartrate는 화학분석, X-선 회절분석, 입도분석 및 SEM 분석을 통하여 시료특성을 평가하였다. 실험결과, ethanol/Al solution 혼합비율 3.0에서 pH 3.0 이상인 경우 aluminum tartrate 합성율은 97% 이상으로 나타났다. 합성반응을 통해 얻은 aluminum tartrate의 각 화학분석결과 $NH_4$ 9.10%, Al 4.83% 및 C 25.8%이었으며, 이의 화학식은 $(NH_4)_3Al(C_4H_4O_6)_3$임을 확인할 수 있었다.

유기산(有機酸)을 이용(利用)한 Aluminum Hydroxide의 미량원소(微量元素) 제거연구(除去硏究)

이화영,조성백,Lee, Hwa-Young,Cho, Sung-Baek 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2008 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.17 No.5

본 연구에서는 국산 99.7%순도의 수산화알루미늄을 대상으로 미량원소로 함유되어 있는 Na, Ca및 Fe의 제거실험을 수행하였다. 용출액으로는 유기산인 oxalic acid와 citric acid를 사용하였으며 수산화알루미늄은 초기 입도가 서로 다른 2종류의 시료를 사용하였다. 수산화알루미늄의 미립화를 위해 ball mill을 사용하여 미분쇄 실험을 수행하였으며, 용출조건에 따른 미량원소의 용출특성을 조사하였다. 실험결과 0.1$\sim$1.0mole/l 농도범위에서 oxalic acid에 의한 원소 용출율이 citric acid보다 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 유기산 농도가 증가할수록 또한 반응온도가 증가할수록 원소의 용출율은 증가하였다. 미분쇄 공정시 순수한 물에 의한 Na의 용출율은 약 45%에 달해 aluminum hydroxide에 함유된 Na성분의 상당 부분은 수용성 화합물인 것으로 확인되었다. The removal of minor elements such as Na, Ca and Fe has been performed from domestic aluminum hydroxide of 99.7% purity with organic acids. Oxalic and citric acid were used as the leaching agent, respectively and aluminum hydroxides of different particle size were also employed for the purification with organic acid leaching. Fine grinding of aluminum hydroxide has been tested using ball mills and leaching characteristics of each element have also been examined in terms of leaching parameters such as temperature, acid concentration, and solid density. As a result, it was found that oxalic acid showed higher leaching efficiency than citric acid in the concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 mole/l and leaching amount of each element was also increased with the acid concentration and reaction temperature. It was observed that about 45% of Na was leached out during ball milling process which implied that the majority of Na contained in aluminum hydroxide was water soluble compound.

3D 프린팅에 의한 충진물 제조 및 성능평가

이화영,최영민,홍연기,Lee, Hwa Young,Choi, Young Min,Hong, Yeon Ki 한국교통대학교 융복합기술연구소 2015 융ㆍ복합기술연구소 논문집 Vol.5 No.2

In this paper, the development history of random packings for several generations was briefly introduced. We demonstrate the application of 3D printing to the fabrication of Pall rings, directly using computer aided design (CAD) models. The CAD was used to design Pall rings with different number of blades. The models were then printed by using UV curing of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins. The results show that 3D printing is a promising method for producing precisely controlled packing materials. It is also expected that 3D printing is helpful for the fundamental studies of highly efficient packing materials with complex geometrical shapes.

ASR 소각재의 이화학적 물성 및 재활용(再活用)을 위한 기초연구(基礎硏究)

이화영,Lee, Hwa-Young 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2007 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.16 No.2

폐자동차 ASR의 소각재를 대상으로 물리화학적 물성측정 및 리싸이클링을 위한 경량재료 제조실험을 수행하였다. 대상시료는 국내 ASR 소각장에서 채취한 바닥재 2종류와 비산재 4종류이었으며, 이들의 주요 성분 및 입도분석을 실시하고 공정시험법에 의한 중금속 용출량을 조사하였다. 또한, 비산재인 boiler ash를 원료로 하여 경량물질과 무기바인더를 첨가하여 성형 및 소성하는 방법으로 경량재료를 제조하였다. 바닥재에 Cu 함량이 3wt% 내외로 상당히 높은 것으로 나타나 Cu의 사전 분리가 필수적인 것으로 나타났다. 수용성물질을 많이 함유한 SDR(semi-dry reactor) ash와 Bag filter ash의 주성분은 각각 $CaCl_2{\cdot}Ca(OH)_2{\cdot}H_2O$ 및 $CaCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$인 것으로 나타났다. boiler ash를 원료로 사용하여 제조한 경량재료 시편의 경우 중금속 용출이 크게 감소하였으며, 그 이유는 중금속 성분이 불용성 화합물천 안정화 또는 encapsulation 되었기 때문으로 판단되었다. The measurement of physicochemical properties of ASR incineration ash has been carried dot and the preparation of light-weight material has also been performed using ASR ash for recycling point of view as building or construction materials. For this aim, chemical composition, particle size distribution, and heavy metal leachability were examined for 2 bottom ashes and 4 fly ashes obtained from the domestic ASR incinerator. In the present work, attempt has been made to prepare the lightweight material using boiler ash as a raw material, which is prepared by forming the mixture of boiler ash, lightweisht filler and inorganic binder and followed by calcination at elevated temperature. As a result, the content of Cu in bottom ash was as high as about 3wt% so that the recovery of Cu from ash was required. The major compound of SDR #5 and Bag filter #6 was found to be $CaCl_2{\cdot}Ca(OH)_2{\cdot}H_2O\;and\;CaCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$, respectively. It is thought that heavy metal teachability of lightweight material prepared with boiler ash was significantly decreased due to the encapsulation or stabilization of heavy metal compounds.

폐자동차 파쇄를 통한 주요구성물질의 분리 및 분석평가

이화영,오종기,김성규,Lee Hwa-Young,Oh Jong-Kee,Kim Sung-Gyu 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2002 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.11 No.4

폐자동차 파쇄를 통한 주요구성물질의 분리 및 분석평가를 위한 현장실험을 수행하였다. 모재인 폐자동차 차피로는 국내 자동차 업체에서 제작한 Sonata II, Sephia 및 Prince의 3종을 선택하여 엔진부분과 타이어 및 문짝 등을 미리 제거하고 압축된 상태로 제공받았다. 현장설비의 주요 공정은 pre- 및 main-shredder, 분급기, 자선기, 와류선별기 및 수작업 분리로 구성되어 있었다. shredder 산물의 현장 분리실험결과 철 스크랩이 전체의 60.1%를 차지하여 가장 비중이 높았으며, 알루미늄, 구리 및 아연 등의 비철금속류는 약 2% 정도인 것으로 나타났다. Light fluff는 fluff 전체 중량의 90% 정도를 차지하는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 5cm undersize 가 70.5%로써 대부분이었고 나머지는 플라스틱, 섬유 및 스폰지 등으로 구성되어 있었다 heavy fluff의 경우에는 고무와 플라스틱이 주구성물질인 것으로 나타났으며, 발열량의 경우 플라스틱이 10,000 cal/gr을 상회하여 가장 높았고 가죽과 고무류가 각각 10.3 및 2.55 wt%의 비교적 높은 CI함량을 보였다. Analysis and separation of constituent materials of old car have been performed by using the industrial shredding line. For this aim, three old cars made by domestic automobile manufacturers, Sonata II, Sephia and Prince were chosen and delivered in pressed form without engine, tires and doors, etc. Shredding line was substantially composed of pre- and main-shredder. cyclone, magnetic separation, eddy current separation and man-power separation. From the separation of shredder products, iron scrap was observed to be the major material of old car accounting for 60.1 % of total weight and non-ferrous metals involving Al, Cu and Zn, etc. were about 2%. Light fluff, about 90% of total fluff product, was comprised with plastic, fiber and sponge, etc. and the fraction of 5 cm undersize in light fluff was 70.5%. In case of heavy fluff, however. rubber and plastic were found to be the major constituent materials of it. Among the constituent materials of fluff, plastic showed the highest calorific value, more than 10,000 cal/gr and leather and rubber showed relatively high chlorine content, 10.3 and 2.55 wt%, respectively.

무전해(無電解) 구리 도금폐액(鍍金廢液)으로부터 구리의 회수(回收) 연구(硏究)

이화영,고현백,Lee, Hwa Young,Ko, Hyun Baek 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2012 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.21 No.6

무전해 구리 도금폐수로부터 증발농축 및 전해채취법을 이용하여 구리를 회수하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 무전해 구리 도금폐수의 분석결과, Cu 함량은 582 mg/l로 나타났으며, 미량의 Fe 성분이 함유되어 있었다. 또한, 로셀염의 첨가로 인하여 COD 9,560 mg/l, TOC 13,100 mg/l로써 매우 높았으며, 포름알데히드가 산화된 formic acid의 함량은 7.73%로 나타났다. 실험결과, 구리의 전해채취시 전류밀도가 증가할수록 전류효율은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전류효율을 80% 이상으로 유지하기 위해서는 구리의 전해채취시 전류밀도를 $40mA/cm^2$ 이하로 낮추어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 전해채취를 통해 얻은 Cu중의 평균 Fe 함량은 황산농도 2 vol% 및 10 vol%에서 각각 0.021% 및 0.01%로 나타나 황산농도가 높을수록 Fe 혼입을 억제할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. An attempt to recover copper from electroless plating wastewater has been made through evaporation followed by the electrowinning method. From the determination of each element in electroless plating wastewater, the content of Cu was found to be 582 mg/l and small amount of Fe was also contained in it. Moreover, the content of COD and TOC which was resulted from the addition of Rochell salt was found to be 9,560 and 13,100 mg/l, respectively. The content of formic acid generated by the oxidation of formaldehyde was determined to be 7.73 %. As a result, current efficiency was decreased with increase in current density and therefore current density less than $40mA/cm^2$ should be maintained to obtain current efficiency more than 80 %. The content of Fe in Cu obtained by electrowinning was found to be 0.021 and 0.01 % at the concentration of sulfuric acid of 2 and 10 vol%, respectively.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met 다형성과 정신분열병의 관련 연구

이화영,김대진,김용구,Lee, Hwa-Young,Kim, Dae-Jin,Kim, Yong-Ku 대한생물정신의학회 2006 생물정신의학 Vol.13 No.4

Objectives : Schizophrenia is a clinically heterogenous disease with a strong genetic component. Many studies have suggested that brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study was performed to determine whether there is an association between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and schizophrenia. Methods : To identify any genetic predisposition to schizophrenia, we investigated the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in 106 patients with schizophrenia and 147 normal controls with PCR-RFLP method. Statistical analyses were used to test the association between and BDNF Val66Met genotype and Schizophrenia. Results : No association was found between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and schizophrenia. No significant differences were found comparing the BDNF genotype distributions according to the age of onset, the number of admission and familial loading in schizophrenia. Conclusion : This result indicates that BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is not associated with schizophrenia. However, further studies with a large number of subjects are needed to confirm whether the BDNF gene is related to schizophrenia.

염화(鹽化)알루미늄 수용액(水溶液)으로부터 Aluminum Citrate의 합성(合成) 연구(硏究)

이화영,Lee, Hwa-Young 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2009 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.18 No.6

염화알루미늄 수용액으로부터 알루미늄 유기화합물인 구연산알루미늄 합성실험을 수행하였다. 수용액중 알루미늄 농도와 구연산 농도비율은 몰비 2.5가 되도록 첨가해 주었으며, 합성된 구연산알루미늄은 화학분석, X-선 회절분석, 입도분석 및 SEM 분석을 통하여 시료특성을 평가하였다. 알루미늄 수용액으로부터 구연산알루미늄을 합성하기 위해서는 에탄올/알루미늄 수용액 혼합비율을 4.0이상으로 유지하여야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 97% 이상의 회수율을 얻기 위해서는 혼합액의 pH를 7.0이상으로 조절하여야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 합성반응을 통해 얻은 구연산알루미늄의 화학분석결과 $NH_4$ 17.0%, Al 4.01% 및 C 25.7%이었으며, 이의 화학식은 $(NH_4)_5Al(C_6H_4O_7)_2{\cdot}2H_2O$임을 확인할 수 있었다. An investigation on the synthesis of aluminum citrate, one of the aluminum organic compounds, has been performed using aluminum chloride solutions as a starting material. For the synthesis of aluminum citrate, citric acid was added to aluminum solutions with the mole ratio of citric acid to aluminum to be 2.5 and aluminum citrate synthesized was also characterized in terms of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, particle size measurement and SEM analysis. As a result, it was found that the ratio of ethanol/Al solution more than 4.0 was required for the synthesis of aluminum citrate from aluminum solutions. Furthermore, the pH should be controlled to be more than 7.0 in order to obtain the recovery of aluminum citrate higher than 97%. From the chemical analysis of aluminum citrate synthesized in this work, the content of $NH_4$, Al and C was found to be 17.0, 4.01 and 25.7%, respectively. Accordingly, the aluminum citrate synthesized from aluminum solutions was confirmed to be $(NH_4)_5Al(C_6H_4O_7)_2{\cdot}2H_2O$.