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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : 李義喆 (검색결과 157 건)
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이의철,박성기,이광식,최만용(Choi Man-Yong) 한국산업응용수학회 2011 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.6 No.1
NAP를 통해 범죄 예방 및 국민의 안전 안심 사회 구현을 위한 지능형 다중 센싱 기반 보안상황 인지 대응 시스템 및 과학수사 분석기술을 개발하고자 한다. 이를 통해 다양한 범죄 유형에 대응 가능한 보안 상황 인지 시스템을 구축하여, 범죄 사전 통제 및 즉각 대응으로 범죄를 예방할 수 있다. 또한 센서 개발 및 제품화를 통해 보안 시스템 시장에서의 경쟁력을 확보하고자 한다.
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李義喆 서울대학교 1967 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.13 No.-
The effect of natural language in learning, which was eliminated in Ebbinghaus' experiments, holds much interest and importance in psychological research on verbal learning. Word-association technique is recognized as one of the useful technique to estimate some property involved in language. In the present report, some new techniques will be introduced to analyze the meahanism of word-association and the characteristics of natural language. Association Experiment of Three-syllable Verbs In this experiment, 408 three-syllable verbs in Korean were used as the stimulus word, and the subject was instructed to give some meaningfully related verbs successively for a 30 second period per a word. A munber of associative responses was obtained from the stimulus. This data was analyzed two opposite ways: (1) many other words were elicited from given word divergently, this mode of association may be called "Divergent" or briefly D-association: (2) many association from various words lead to a given word convergently, this mode may be called "Convergent" or briefly C-association. Each mean frequency of both mode of associative responses were respectively calculated on 408 three-syllable verbs as follows: (D) value-mean frequency of D-associations elicited from a given three-syllable verb to other verbs. D value-mean frequency of D-associations elicited from a given three-syllable verb to other three-syllable verbs. C value-mean frequency of C-associations elicited from other three-syllable verbs to a given three-syllable verb. Properties of each value were successively examined from various aspects. Distribution curves of each value: Distribution of each value of 408 words were plotted. The type of curve of C value approximated to that of Zipf's distribution curve which demonstrated that of a greater variety of words was found at the lower rank-order of frequency-of-usage than at the higher rank-order. However, those of (D) and D value did not indicate Zipf's type, but registered as a normal or nearly normal type. It was recognizable as a very interesting fact that type of distribution of D value was quite different from the of C value whild entirely identical data were rearranged in these two values. Analysis of C-Association Relation to frequency-of-usage: It may be assumed from the type of distribution that C value will be related to the frequency-of-usage of words. And so, it was examined the relation comparing the degree of the C value of each word with the frequency score appearing in the table of frequency-of-usage in the following methods. In the one method, C value increased as a function of frequency-of-usage, and in the other method, correlation between C value rank and frequency rank was highly positive. These results supported the preciseness of the assumption. Relation to familiarity: Since it may be considered that frequency-of-usage and familiaritty are related to each other, it is taken an hypothesis that C value (which is highly similar to frequency-of-usage) will also reveal a positive relation to familiarity. This hypothesis was tested by attempting the following experiment methods nearly idential. In each experiment, selected 102 words (from the 408 three-syllable words quoted above) were rated on five-point rating scales. The results showed that C value increased as a function of familiarity scale in the experiment, and the C value was highly correlated with the rating scale. Both of them supported the hypothesis. Relation to meaningfulness: This effect of C value to verbal learning corresponds highly to that of m value (index of meaningfulness estimated by Noble) to language. Therefore, if meaningfulness of three syllable verbs is estimated, it will positively correlate to C value. Upon this prediction, an experiment to establish meaningfulness of the words, which were selected in experiment of familiarity was attempted by using a method of successive free association (equivalent to the procedure in Noble's experiment). Index of meaningfulness in this experiment was called as DM value. This was defined as follows: mean frequency of D-associations elicited from a given word to other words. Correlation between C value and Dm value was calculated and its result indicated a relatively high score between them. This fact also supported the assumption. Association Value as an Effect to Learning It may be further more derived (from high similarity of C value to frequency-of-usage as well as familiarity) that learning will be facilitated as the function of the C value of words which are used as learning material. This prediction was examined in the following experiments. In the one experiment in which the method of retained members was adopted, the number of correct recalls increased as function of C value. In the other experiment in which serial anticipation and paired-associate method adopted respectively, trials to a certain criterion of acquisition of learning decreased as a function of C value. These results supported the prediction. Analysis of D-Association Properties of (D) and D values: Though properties of (D) and D values were examined by entirely equivalent procedure (as used in examing the properties of C values), no positive information of each value was obtained in any aspect. The question, what is the property of D-association, arises from this fact, and its explanation is required. analysis of D value: It was examined the relation between total frequency of D-association of a given word and C value of each association elicited from the word in rearranging the previously obtained data. It was apparent from this analysis that the degree of D value of a given word was more positively correlated to the degree of words having a higher C value, elicited from the word, than to that of words having a lower C value. It was also found that C value (or frequency-of-usage, familiarity, meaningfulness) or a given word itself hardly exerted any influence on the total frequency of D-association elicited from the word. Analysis of Inter-word Assocation Mechanism of inter-word association between two given words was analyzed by rearranging the previously obtained data. In a number of cases that the two given words showed an associative relation to each other, C values of the two words were compared. The result demonstrated a very consistent and regular tendency as follows: the association from a word having a lower C value to the other having a higher C value was usually stronger than the association in the reverse direction. Upon a consideration that C value (or frequency-of-usage, familiarity, meaningfulness) of two words determine the strength of inter-word association, the former case was called ascendent association or briefly a-association, the latter descendent association or briefly d-association. Degree of descrepancy between a and response process of word-association, in comparison with other similar findings. Morea dynamic nature, function and inter-relationship of words could be understood with analyzing the C association rather than merely the D-association. the C value of stimulus words in the controlled association such as the present experiment was able to serve as an efficient substitute for scores of frequency-of-usage, based on the same stimulus words. As a by-product of the present investigation, inter-relationship among C value, frequency-of-usage, familiarity, and meaningfulness of a word was discussed. It was suggested that the first three properties were positively correlated with one another, but meaningfulness seemed to be somewhat different from the others. From the present experiment, (1) itcuold find consistent rules which operated upon the associative mechanism of natural language especially by introducing such a techniques as an analysis of Convergent association. While it cloud also support the above rules as being general by refering to simiar studies on word-association, there are some limitations in this findings, because its results were established on an experiment carried on within a closed area. In order to establish this rule as a more general and valid one beyond this limitation, it sees that the same rule must be also established in any other experiment in which materials or words other than three-syllable verbs are used as stmulus words. The examination remains as a problem for the future. (2) It has examined some antecedents of conditions of verbal habit to influence upon word-association process by forming artificial languages in a laboratory. Since this experimentation was, however, very simple and a preliminary one however the possibility of this technique was, to some extent, recognized, a more extensive an systematic study will be demanded concerning this problem in the future. And the theoretical standpoint of such an investigation based on the S-R relation, which is a source of the Behaviorism, but it may be also one of the most important problems in a study on the word-association by the Gestalt theoretical views.
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