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이민웅,최혜정 한국균학회 1982 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.10 No.3
The characteristics of the six different agricultural soil from Michigan were as follows. Colwood and Capac soil were loam, Gilford and Ceresco were sandy clay loam, Sission was clay loam, and Spinks was sandy loam. pH of Gilford sandy clay loam was 6. G whereas that of the soil ranged 5.4∼5.9. Gilford sandy loam found to contain a relatively higher amount of organic matters as compared to other soils. Furthermore, the numbers of bacteria in Gilford sandy clay loam were significantly higher than those in other soils. The populations of fungi in Gilford sandy clay loam and Colwood loam soils were significantly greuter than those in other soils. On the other hand, the densities of actinomycetes in Gilford sandy clay loam and Ceresco sandy clay loam soils were significantly different from those in other oils. The population of anaerobic bacteria varied depending on the soils; Ceresco sandy clay loam, Capae loam, Colwood loam soils have higher numbers of bacteria, whereas Gilford sandy clay loam was very lesser than the other soils. In the ^(14)C-glucose respiration by soil microorganums after 10 hrs, the respiration rate was decreasing in the order of Ceresco sandy clay lam, Spinks sandy loam, Colwood loam, Sission clay loarn, Capac loam and Gilford sandy clay loam. Germination of test propagules on natural soil soil was 0∼5%, and it was germinated 90∼98% on autoclaved soil and PDA. The propagules differed in thier germination response to nutrients added to the soils. In general, more nutrients were required to promote germination on Capac loam and Gilford sandy loam soil than Spinks sandy loam soil. Especially Mortierella n. sp. required more nutrients for germination to obtain the same ratio as Helminthosporium victoriae.
이민웅 순천향대학교 이순신연구소 2010 이순신연구논총 Vol.- No.14
조선은 개국 이후 국가적인 차원에서 수군을 강화하였다. 이것은 고려말기부터 계속된 왜구에 대비하기 위한 것이었는데, 그 중 가장 적극적인 대책은 왜구의 근거지인 대마도를 정벌하는 것이었다. 실질적인 대마도 정벌은 고려말인 1389년과 세종 1년(1419)에 단행되었고, 결과적으로 왜구의 감소라는 성과를 거두었다. 15세기 조선 수군은 전체 병력이 5만여 명이었고, ‘절도사-첨절제사-만호’로 이어지는 일원적인 지휘체계를 갖추었다. 또한 군선의 건조와 개량에 노력을 기울여 15세기말에는 700여 척을 보유하였고, 대‧중‧소맹선 체제를 완성하였다. 화기 개발 면에서도 노력을 기울여 태종과 세종대에 획기적인 발전을 이루고, 특히 세종대 에는 수군 뿐 아니라 4군 6진의 개척 과정에도 활용하였다. 16세기 이후에는 문치주의의 영향으로 국방태세가 해이해지고 수군 강화 정책도 방기된 상황이었다. 그러나 16세기 전반에 발생한 세 차례의 왜변 즉, 1510년의 삼포왜변, 1544년의 사량진왜변, 1555년의 을묘왜변 등은 허약해진 조선 수군이 재정비될 수 있는 계기가 되었다. 이 시기의 왜구 선박이 크고 강해졌을 뿐 아니라 화기까지 사용함에 따라, 조선도 적극적인 대책을 강구하게 되었다. 이 과정에서 기존의 맹선체제를 포기하고 새로운 군선인 판옥선을 대량 건조하였고, 화기 역시 임진왜란 당시 사용되었던 천‧ 지‧현‧황자 총통을 비롯한 최신 화기로 대체하였다. 요컨대 임진왜란에서 조선 수군이 거둔 압도적 승리는 이와 같은 15세기 이래의 강한 수군 건설의 전통과, 16세기의 왜구 대비책에서 나온 판옥선의 등장과 각종 총통의 개발 등이 그 역사적 배경이 되었던 것이다. After the founding, the Chosen Dynasty intensified its naval forces in order to prevent continuous pillages of Japanese pirate raiders since the end stage of Koryo Dynasty. One of the active countermeasures was conquering the base of Japanese pirate raiders, Daema Island. Full-scale suppression of Daeme Island was executed in 1389, the end of Koryo, and in 1419, the first year of Sejong the Great. As a result, the number of Japanese pirates was gradually diminished. In the 15th century, Chosun naval forces were approximately 50,000 seamen and had the top-down command system composed of ‘Jeoldosa-Chumjeoljaesa-Manho.’ Moreover, Chosun came to possess around 700 warships and form naval task forces (Large-Medium-Small Mangsun system) in the late 15th century, as a result of its great effort on building and improving warships. It also endeavored to develop firearm and achieved tremendous improvement during Taejong-Sejong the Great period. Especially, it utilized the advanced firearm not only for naval forces but also the reclamation process of four areas and six camps under Sejong the Great. After the16th century, the national defense readiness was weakened and the policy of naval reinforcement was abandoned because of the principles of civilian government. However, the three engagement (Sampo in 1510, Saryangjin in 1544, Eulmyo in 1555) which occurred in the early 16th century provided a momentum for the Chosun to rebuild its declined naval forces. As ships of the Japanese pirates not only became stronger and bigger but also started to utilize firearms at this time, Chosun was forced to actively search for countermeasures. In this process, Chosun abandoned the existing Mangsun system and constructed a large number of the new warships, Pan-Ok-Sun. In addition, the existing firearms were replaced by the newest weapons, including artilleries of four types (Cheon, Gi, Hyeon, Hwang) that were used in the Japanese invasion of Chosun in 1592. In summary, the overwhelming victory of the Chosun naval forces in the Japanese invasion in 1592 has been historically supported by the tradition of the construction of strong naval forces since the 15th century, the advent of Pan-Ok-Sun, and the development of various artilleries as countermeasures for the Japanese pirates in the 16th century.
洋松茸(Agaricus bisporus(Lange)Sing) 褐斑病의 病原에 關한 硏究
李敏雄,金光布 동국대학교 1979 論文集 Vol.18 No.-
All of 8 strains of bacteria were isolated from diseased mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing.), cultured purely, and it's pathogenicity were confirmed by reinoculation test. One strain(M5) was selected to be tested in more detailed study with repect to it's morphological, cultural, biochemical and nutritional characters. The strain causing brown spot of mushroom was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens.