자발화 표본에 나타난 3-5세 아동의 어미 사용 연구

이윤경,오소정,임수아,이윤경 한국언어청각임상학회 2024 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.29 No.2

배경 및 목적: 언어발달이 언어 사용 능력의 발달이라고 볼 때 문장 구성에 필수적인 어미는 문법발달뿐 아니라 언어발달을 잘 보여주는 지표라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 구문 능력이 급격히 발달하는 3-5세 아동을 대상으로 자발화에서의 전체적, 하위범주별 어미 사용양상으로 체계적, 종합적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 3-5세 아동 총 150명(연령집단별 각 50명)이 반구조화된 절차를 통해 수집한50개 발화가 포함된 발화 샘플이 수집되었다. 어미를 선어말어미, 연결어미, 전성어미, 종결어미의 4가지 하위범주로 분류하여 전체 어미 사용 빈도 및 전체 어미 유형 빈도, 하위범주별(선어말어미, 연결어미, 전성어미, 종결어미) 어미 사용 빈도 및 유형수를 분석하였다. 결과: 분산분석 결과 전체 어미 사용 빈도와 어미 사용 유형수, 종결어미를 제외한 모든 하위범주(선어말어미, 전체 어말어미, 전성어미와연결어미)에서 사용 빈도와 유형수가 모두 3세 집단이 4세 및 5세 집단과 각각 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 회귀분석 결과로는 어말어미 유형수와 연결어미 유형수가 연령을 가장 잘 설명해주는 측정치로 나타났고 3세 아동 집단에서는 종결어미 유형수와 어말어미사용빈도가 월령을 유의하게 설명하였다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구를 통해 전체 어미와 종결어미를 제외한 하위범주 어미들의 사용 빈도와 유형 빈도가 일관되게 3세와 4세 사이에 활발한 증가하는 양상을 보임을 확인하였다. Objectives: Considering that language development is the development of language use ability, endings, which are essential for sentence construction, can be said to be a good indicator of language development as well as grammatical development. This study attempted to systematically and comprehensively examine the overall and subcategory use of endings in spontaneous speech for children aged 3 to 5 whose syntactic skills are rapidly developing. Methods: Language samples containing 50 utterances were collected from a total of 150 children aged 3 to 5 years (50 in each age group) through a semi-structured procedure. ‘Eomi’s are classified into four subcategories: prefinal Eomi (PE), Sentence-closing Eomi (SE), Connecting Eomi (CE), Transformative Eomi (TE). The number of total Eomi (NTE) use, the number of different Eomi (NDE) of overall Eomi & all subcategories of Eomi were analyzed. Results: The NTE & NDE of overall Eomi and all subcategories except SE significantly increased between the 3-year-old group and two older groups, but not between two older groups. Regression analysis demonstrated that the NDE of final Eomi and the NTE of CE significantly explained chronological age in the 3-year-old group. Conclusion: It was confirmed that NDE along with NTE of overall and all subcategories of Eomi consistently increased actively between the ages of 3 and 4. Also NDE along with NTE of Eomi should be considered in language assessment and intervention.

2-6세 영유아의 자발화에서의 연결어미 사용 발달

이윤경,이윤경,오소정,최지혜,양은진,임수아,김혜지,최재린,김혁빈 한국언어청각임상학회 2023 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.28 No.3

Objectives: Connective endings play an important role not only in producing complex sentences but also in logically expressing thoughts. The purpose of this study was to examine the development of the use of connective endings in the spontaneous language of children aged 2-6. Methods: A total of 250 children aged 2 to 6 participated in the study, in groups of 50 by age group. Spontaneous language samples were collected between the examiner and the children via a semi-structured conversation procedure in which the topic of conversation and the examiner’s conversational behavior were controlled. The total number of connective endings, number of connective endings by subcategory and by subtype were measured by extracting 50 utterances from each child’s language sample. Results: (1) The total number of connective endings (CE) and the numbers of the three CE categories increased significantly according to age and the significant differences were observed before and after the age of 4. (2) In the subtypes of CE, auxiliary and closing connective endings were the most frequently used in all age groups, and closing connective endings significantly increased from 2 to 4 years old. However, there was no significant difference in the use of auxiliary connective endings according to age because they were used frequently from the age of 2. (3) The total number of CE (39.4%), and the subordinate category (40.9%) among the three CE categories; cause (31.3%), purpose (9.6%), choice (5.5%), list (2.4%) among the subtypes of CE explained age. Conclusion: The study confirmed that the developmental pattern of the use of connective endings in spontaneous language of the children aged 2-6. We discussed the academic and clinical implication of the result and suggest the needs of the follow-up study.

한국어 컴퓨터 자동언어분석 시스템(K-ALAS) 신뢰도 연구

이윤경,김유섭,임수아,오병두,이윤경 한국언어청각임상학회 2023 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.28 No.4

Objectives: Although language sample analysis is essential for language evaluation, it is not widely conducted due to time constraints and difficulties in analysis. This study was conducted to evaluate the Korean-Automatic Language System (K-ALAS), which was developed to support language sample analysis. Methods: 50 language samples of young children aged 2 to 6 were analyzed by K-ALAS and a language analysis expert. The percentage agreement of the analysis results between K-ALAS and the expert on Eojeol, words, and morpheme, which are the basic units of language measurement, were calculated, and t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted on the main language measures (MLUe, MLUw, MLUm, NTJ, NTE, NDJ, NDE, NTW, NDW, TTR) measured by K-ALAS and the expert. Results: The percentage agreement of the eogeol, word, and morpheme analysis between K-ALAS and the expert, was found to be very high at 97.87-99.88%, and the t-test results showed that there was no significant difference between all language measures measured by K-ALAS and the expert, and the result of correlation analysis was also very high with r = .972-1.000. Conclusion: This study confirmed that K-ALAS analyze language samples and measures the main language measures very accurately. We discussed the implications of clinical use of K-ALAS in relation to language diagnosis and intervention.

[미니인터뷰/ PAF 포커스] 현대춤꾼ㆍ안무가 이윤경

이윤경 현대미학사 1999 공연과 리뷰 Vol.21 No.-

인구 정책 전망과 과제

이윤경 한국보건사회연구원 2018 보건복지포럼 Vol.267 No.-

2018년 합계출산율은 1.0명 이하이며 출생아 수 또한 32만 명으로, 국가 인구 정책을 추진한 이래 가장 낮을 것으로 예상되고 있다. 2005년 「저출산·고령사회기본법」을 제정하고 5년마다 기본계획을 중심으로 인구 정책을 추진한 13년의 노력에도 불구하고 정책의 목표로 설정한 출산율 회복과 노인의 삶의 질 향상은 괄목할 만한 성과를 거두지 못하고 있다. 그러나 최근 인구 동향을 살펴보면 출산가능인구가 감소하고 사회문화적 인식 등이 변화하고 있어 앞으로 출산율이 크게 높아질 것으로 기대하기 어렵다. 따라서 지나치게 출산율 향상을 목표로 내세우는 인구 정책의 방향을 전환할 필요성이 제기된다. 2018년 12월 정부는 ‘저출산·고령사회 정책 로드맵’을 새롭게 발표하고 인구 정책의 목표를 ‘국민의 삶의 질 향상’에 두는 패러다임 전환을 제시하였다. 이와 같은 패러다임 전환은 출산율을 목표로 하는 기존의 출산 장려 인구 정책이 아닌, 국민의 삶의 질이 중심이 되는 인구 정책으로의 방향 전환이라는 점에서 긍정적인 평가를 받았다. 따라서 향후에는 로드맵이 단순히 이상에 그치지 않고 현실화되어 국민이 체감할 수 있도록 하는 인구 정책이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 출산을 희망하는 국민이 어려움 없이 출산을 하도록 지원하고, 육아가 행복하고 아동이 행복해질 수 있도록 하는 정책이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 인구구조 변화에 대응하는 고령자의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 촘촘한 정책과 함께 교육, 행정을 비롯한 다양한 사회 영역의 인구구조 변화에 적응하기 위한 정책이 균형적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이들 정책이 구현되기 위해서는 정부와 사회, 국민 개개인의 다양한 주체 간 역할이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

초등학교 입학유예와 적절한 입학 연령 및 학제 개편에 대한 학부모와 교사의 인식

이윤경,박은혜,전홍주 한국유아교육학회 2007 유아교육연구 Vol.27 No.2

호흡곤란 환자에 대한 Modified Borg Scale의 유용성

이윤경,윤혜상 병원간호사회 2005 임상간호연구 Vol.10 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to suggest whether dyspnea, as reported by patients with acute bronchospasm could reflect their pulmonary function and arterial blood gas, and to evaluate the usefulness of MBS in assessing dyspnea. Method: We measured dyspnea by using MBS, and anxiety using VAS, FEV₁, FVC, PaO₂ and PaCO₂ before and after bronchodilator in 44 patients with COPD or asthma at emergency center. In evaluating the usefulness of MBS, the relationship among the pulmonary function, ABGA, VASI and MBSI was measured by using Spearman's rank correlations. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used in comparing the pulmonary function, ABGA, anxiety and dyspnea before and after administering bronchodilators. Result: FEV₁, FVC and PaO₂ were increased after the use of bronchodilators. MBSI for dyspnea and VASI for anxiety were decreased after the use of bronchodilators. Before using bronchodilators, there were significant positive correlations between MBSI and PaCO₂(r=0.298, p=.049), and MBSI and VASI(r=0.620, p=.000). After using bronchodilators, there were significant negative correlations between MBSI and FEVi(r=-0.456, p=.002), MBSI and FVC(r=-0.326, p=.031), and VASI and FEV₁(r=-0.448, p=.002). After using bronchodilators, there was a significant negative correlation between MBSI and VASI(r=0.743, p=.000). Conclusion: We conclude that MBS was helpful to evaluate the severity of dyspnea and that MBS could be used in assessing and monitoring dyspnea in patients with acute bronchospasm.

부동화된 생쥐의 다리근육에서 Waglerin-1의 효과

이윤경,서혜정,전고운,양홍석 대한마취통증의학회 2010 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.5 No.3

Background:Three isoforms of the neuronal acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) have been described in muscle εAChRs, γAChRs and α7AChRs. The adult neuromuscular junctions are composed of εAChRs. During immobilization, new AChRs with subunit compositions of γAChRs and α7AChRs appear in the perijunctional and extrajunctional area. This study evaluated the contribution of these isoforms to neurotransmission during immobilization, by using waglerin-1 which selectively blocks the εAChRs. Methods:Male mice (n = 20) were used and each group was divided into sham operated or immobilized. A leg was immobilized in mice for 14 days by pinning, after which nerve-evoked twitch tension was examined under anesthesia in tibialis muscle of both legs, with the contralateral leg serving as control. Neuromuscular transmission was monitored by using a peripheral nerve stimulator with the tibialis muscle and sciatic nerve. Electrical stimuli of 0.2 msec duration were applied to sciatic nerve 2 Hz for 2 sec every 30 sec. After administration of waglerin-1, the evoked twitch was recorded. The percent depression of T1 relative to baseline was transformed to probit scale to determine the effective dose of waglerin-1 for 5%, 50%, and 95% twitch depression. Results:The twitch tension in the control group was higher than immobilized group, confirming the efficacy of immobilization. Waglerin-1 produced 99% twitch suppression on the control group. But on the immobilized group, waglerin-1 produced only 70% twitch suppression even at 37 pg. Conclusions:The functional role of εAChRs in neurotransmission decreases during immobilization while that of γAChRs and α7AChRs increases.

디스플레이 응용을 위한 능동 제어형 전계 에미터 어레이의 회로 모델링 및 시뮬레이션

이윤경,송윤호,유형준,Lee, Yun-Gyeong,Song, Yun-Ho,Yu, Hyeong-Jun 대한전자공학회 2001 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.38 No.2

능동제어형 전계방출 디스플레이의 전자공급원으로서 능동제어형 전계 에미터 어레이의 회로모델이 제안되었다. 능동제어형 전계 에미터 어레이는 전계방출을 안정화시키고 저전력구동을 위한 수소화 된 비정질 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터와 Spindt형 Mo 전계 에미터 어레이로 구성되었고 같은 유리기판 위에 제작되었다. 비정질 박막 트랜지스터와 Spindt형 Mo 전계 에미터 어레이의 전기적 특성으로부터 추출된 기본 모델 변수는 제안된 능동제어형 전계 에미터 어레이 회로모델에 입력되었고 SPICE 회로 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 특성을 분석하였다. 제작된 소자의 측정값과 DC 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교한 결과 두 값이 상당히 일치함으로써 등가회로 모델의 정확성을 확인하였다. 또한 제작된 소자의 transient 시뮬레이션 결과 전계 에미터 어레이의 게이트 커패시턴스와 TFT의 구동능력이 반응시간에 가장 크게 영향을 끼치고 있음을 확인하였다. 제작된 능동제어형 전계방출 에미터 어레이는 pulse width modulation으로 구동하는 경우 15㎲의 반응시간을 얻었고 이 값으로는 4bit/color의 계조(gray scale)표현이 가능하였다. A circuit model for active-controlled field emitter array(ACFEA) as an electron source of active-controlled field emission display(ACFED) has been proposed. The ACFEA with hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistor(a-Si:H TFT) and Spindt-type molibdenum tips (Spindt-Mo FEA) has been fabricated monolithically on the same glass. A-Si:H TFT is used as a control device of field emitters, resulting in stabilizing emission current and lowering driving voltage. The basic model parameters extracted from the electrical characteristics of the fabricated a-Si:H TFT and Spindt-Mo FEA were implemented into the ACFEA model with a circuit simulator SPICE. The accuracy of the equivalent circuit model was verified by comparing the simulated results with the measured one through DC analysis of the ACFEA. The transient analysis of the ACFEA showed that the gate capacitance of FEA along with the drivability of TFT strongly affected the response time. With the fabricated ACFEA, we obtained a response time of 15$mutextrm{s}$, which was enough to make 4bit/color gray scale with the pulse width modulation (PWM).

A Study on EFL/ESL Learners’ Perceptions of the Test of English as a Foreign Language

이윤경 한국영미어문학회 2014 영미어문학 Vol.- No.113

The study aims at examining EFL/ESL learners’ perceptions of the TOEFL. EFL/ESL students at a mid-sized university in the United States participated in the focus group discussion. The findings of the study revealed that most participants had negative experiences in taking the TOEFL. The major factors influencing their negative experience of the test involved the nature of the test as high stakes testing, the high noise level in testing sites, and the malfunction of test equipment. Results of the study also showed that the topics on the TOEFL are biased toward American culture and include too broad areas of the study. The short time allocation in the speaking and writing sections negatively impacted the test takers’ test score. Thus, the participants perceived that the TOEFL score does not necessarily reflect the test takers’ English proficiency. Finally, suggestions on how the TOEFL can be improve were discussed on the basis of Shohamy’s (2001a) model of critical language testing.