가스센서 어레이를 이용한 환경 감시 시스템

홍영호,김인수,장익훈 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.3 No.2(B)

Environment monitoring is recognized by a sensor system composed of a tin oxide gas sensor array, daily indoor air pollution is detected precisely by recognizing various human life behaviors, awakening, and sleeping. The recognitions are done using daily output patterns of the gas sensor array and the patterns are very similar to each other environment air pollution can be detected accurately by laying an awakening hour of a daily periodical pattern on top of another awakening hour gas sensor array is used in recognizing rete match algorithm is also adopted in order to match the patterns and the inference of recognition is done at a high rate.

강원도 영동지역의 신라∼통일신라시대 산성과 역사적 의미

홍영호 한국이사부학회 2019 이사부와 동해 Vol.15 No.-

이 글은 강원도 영동지역의 신라~통일신라시대의 산성과 그 역사적 의미를 찾아본 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 강원도 영동지역의 수많은 산성들 가운데 문헌 자료들에 대한 비판적 논증과 함께 고고자료들을 분석하여 신라~통일신라시대에 해당하는 8곳의 산성을 추출하였다. 그 결과 여러 가지 고고학적 특징을 찾아낼 수 있었고, 역사적인 실상에도 접근 할 수 있었다. 우선 강원도 동해안 지역에도 신라와 통일신라시대의 행정단위인 주-군-현마다 산성들이 있었고, 산성의 규모도 행정 구역 단위에 따라 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 즉 주(州) 단위는 1,000m 이상이며, 현(縣) 단위는 200~600m 정도로 구분된다. 또한 일찍이 설치된 실직주와 하슬라주의 산성(州城)들은 테뫼식 가운데 산복식(山腹式)의 토성이고, 이후에 만들어지는 현 단위의 산성(縣城)들은 테뫼식 가운데 산정식(山頂式)의 토성이 많았다. 그리고 신라의 진흥왕 북진기 이 전에 축조한 산성의 성벽은 토루에 돌을 피복하는 공통점도 보였다. 특히 강릉 경포호 강문동토성과 삼척 오화리산성은 바닷가의 곶[산]에 석호나 강을 끼고 입지 하고 있는데, 이들 산성이 신라의 동해안 연안항해와 관련되었음을 시사한다. 그런데 그 이후의 시기에는 이들 산성이 다소 내륙으로 들어가 산의 정상부에 입지 하는 경향성을 보여주는데, 특히 진흥왕 북진기부터 통일전쟁기에는 그 입지의 변화가 잘 나타난다. 나아가 강릉 경포호 강문동토성과 삼척 오화리산성의 존재는『삼국사기』에서 실직(城)과 하슬라(城主) 등과 함께 나오는 사료들이 역사적 사실임을 입증해준다. 아울러 삼척 오화리산성은 북해(北海)의 제장(祭場)인 비례산(非禮山)으로 추정된다. 이 글은 강원도 동해안 지역에서 비교적 확실한 신라~통일신라시대의 산성들을 최초로 다루었다는 의의가 있는데, 앞으로 강원도 영동지역의 신라사와 신라고 고학 연구에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this paper is to investigate mountain fortresses from the Silla-Unified Silla Kingdoms in the Yeongdong region of Gangwon-do and to examine its historical significance. In order to achieve this goal, among the numerous mountain fortresses of the Yeongdong region of Gangwon-do, through critical studies on literary material and by analyzing archaeological data, three mountain fortresses corresponding to the Silla- Unified Silla Kingdoms were extracted. In result, it was possible to discover various archaeological characteristics and make an approach on the historical facts. First, there were mountain fortresses at each ju, gun and hyeon, which were administrative districts of the Silla and Unified Silla Kingdoms in the East Coast regions of Gangwon-do as well, and it is also evident that the size of the mountain fortresses differed depending on the administrative district units. In other works, they were 1,000m or longer for ju (states) and 200-600m for hyeon (prefectures). Furthermore, the mountain fortresses (village fortresses) of Siljik-ju and Hasla-ju, which were installed early on, were mountainside earthen walls among mountain walls, and mountain fortresses (prefecture fortresses) of hyeon made later were mostly comprised of mountain-top earthen walls among mountain walls. Also, the walls of mountain fortresses built prior to the northern push of Silla King Jinheung had the common trait of covering the mountain fortress walls with earthwork. In particular, Gangmun-dong Fortress in Gyeongpo-ho, Gangneung and Ohwa-ri Mountain Fortress in Samcheok were located near lagoons or rivers next to ocean-side mountains. This implies that these are related to the coastal navigation of the East Coast of Silla. But in later periods, these mountain fortresses tended to move further inland and were situated on the tops of mountains, and the change of location is more apparent from King Jinjeung’s push forth and during the war for unification. Moreover, the existence of Gangmun-dong Fortress in Gyeongpoho and Ohwa-ri Mountain Fortress in Samcheok proves that the historical records together with Siljik and Hasla that appeared in the The Chronicles of the Three States were historical facts. Also, Ohwa-ri Mountain Fortress in Samcheok is presumed to be Biryesan (Mt.), which was the ritual site of the northern seas. This paper is significant in that it dealt with the mountain fortresses from the Silla-Unified Silla Kingdoms that are relatively certain in the East Coast area of Gagnwon-do for the first time. It is expected that it will help significantly in Silla history and Silla archaeology studies of the Yeongdong region of Gangwon-do.

울산지역 치과기공사들의 직무스트레스 요인 평가

홍영호,김해경,황해영,최상준 대한치과기공학회 2012 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.34 No.4

실험적 급성부비동염의 세균학 및 병리조직학적 연구

홍영호,김훈,송계용 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1989 中央醫大誌 Vol.14 No.3

It is generally recognized that obstruction of the ostium of maxillary sinus and the associated pathogenic bacteria play a major etiologic role in acute paranasal sinusitis. However a lot of details on it were not precisely explained. In this study some bacteriological and histopathological tests were carried out in experimentally induced acute paranasal sinusitis in 54 New Zealand White rabbits in order to investigate the histopathological mechanism of acute paranasal sinusitis. Experimental groups were devided into 4 groups; Group A: injection of the bacteria after obstruction of the ostium. Group B: obstruction of the ostium without injection of' the bacteria. Group C: injection of the bacteria into the patent ostium. Group D: control. Obstruction of the sinus ostium was done by butylcyanocrylate and the amount of injection of the bacteria was 10^7-10^9 cells of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Acute paranasal sinusitis were induced in all of the rabbits treated by injection of the bacteria after obstruction of' the ostium and in a few of the rabbit treated by obstruction of the ostium without injection of the bacteria, but not induced in the rabbits treated by injection of the bacteria into the patent ostium. 2. The injection bacteria were harvested most abundantly in the superficial portion of the non ciliated undifferentiated cells, and then followed by the ciliated cells and neutrophils. The bacteria were more abundant in the microvillous area than in the ciliated area. Same bacteria were found until 24 hours after the treatment but the rates of reisolation decreased gradually, and after 7 days mixed infection was found in 3 out of 5 cases. 3. During the process of acute paranasal sinusitis, the ciliated cells began to be damaged and desquamated in 6 hours, and most of them were replaced by the non ciliated undifferentiated cells and goblet cells with abundant secretion its well as infiltration of inflammatory cells in 12-24 hours. On the 7th day, the lesions healed with both regeneration and differentiation into the ciliated cells, however some areas of ulceration and squamous metaplasia were found. 4. From the above results, it was thought that the most important etiologic factors in induction of acute paranasal sinusitis were the obstruction of the sinus ostium and pathogenic bacteria simultaneously. Morphologically, in the early process, the ciliated cells were rapidly replaced by the non ciliated undifferentiated cells with the increase of the goblet cells and the infiltration of inflammatory cells and it was found that the lesions healed with regeneration of the ciliated cells.

홍성 지역 하천수의 수질현황 ( Water Pollution Status on Streams of Hongsung Area )

홍영호,조석형,전용진 대한환경위생공학회 2001 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.16 No.1

화강석 잔사의 응집특성

홍영호 대한환경위생공학회 2002 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.17 No.1

열산화법으로 형성한 탄탈륨 산화막의 전기적 특성 ( Electric Characteristics of Tantalum Pentoxide Thin Film Formed by Thermal Oxidation )

홍영호,심창현,전춘배,이덕동,김봉열 대한전자공학회 1991 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1991 No.7

ONO 위에 형성한 탄탈륨 산화막의 전기적 특성 ( Electric Characteristics of Tantalum Pentoxide Thin Film on the ONO )

홍영호,서무교,이덕동,김봉열 대한전자공학회 1992 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1992 No.7

강원도 동해안 지역 평지 포곡식 산성의 축조시기와 성격

홍영호 국방부군사편찬연구소 2019 군사 Vol.- No.111

In the East Coast of Gangwon-do, there are valley encircling fortresses on the flatland sites that taken advantage of the natural mountain ridges as ramparts. Mostly the geographical features of mountains (north high and south low), and the east, southeast and south of the mountain fortresses lead to flatland, they had served as the entrance. And there used to be a river flowing in front and a farmland. Based on the folk materials regarding these mountain fortress, which have been handed down to us, many believe that they were constructed in the age of Yeguk (the Iron Age), the age of Three Kingdoms and the Unified Shilla period. But the researcher classified these types of mountain fortresses, and analyzed archeological materials and folk materials, and came to the conclusion that these mountain fortress cannot date back to the age of Yeguk (the Iron Age) and the age of Three Kingdoms. The researcher believes that only very few of these mountain fortresses were utilized in the Unified Shilla period, and most mountain fortresses were constructed and utilizeed during the Goryo Dynasty, and many of them were built and used at the end of the Goryo Dynasty and in the early Joseon Dynasty period. In this respect, caution must be exercised when these fortresses are used as base data for historical interpretation. The nature of these fortresses varies depending on their sizes, but as the mountain fortresses have a wells, people could live and seek protection in them, and as there are roof tiles, these mountain fortress may be related to the ruling class. In some mountain fortress, roof tiles bearing the name of the ‘official residence’ were excavated, and as the origins of names of places like ‘Jangan (seong),’ ‘Manho’ and ‘Jinjang’ have been handed down to us, they may be related to Chiso-seong (eup-seong and hyeon-seong), but most of them were controlled by them, or they can be seen as the administrative and military strongholds (villages) of local indigenous forces in charge of managing these fortresses. Furthermore, as some fortresses are located on the seashore, they are seen to have plated the role of non-regular marine transportation and ocean transportation bases on the East Coast, and the reason that these fortresses have a river flowing nearby may be related to transportation of goods. 강원도 동해안 지역에는 자연적인 산능선을 성벽으로 활용한 평지 포곡식 산성들이 있다. 주로 북고남저의 산세를 활용하였고, 산성의 동쪽이나 동남쪽, 남쪽은 평지와 이어져 출입부 역할을 한다. 그리고 그 앞으로 하천이 지나가고 농경지가 펼쳐진다. 그런데 이들 산성에 대해 그동안 전해져오는 전승자료를 근거로 예국시대(철기시대), 삼국시대, 통일신라시대에 축조되었다고 보는 견해가 많았다. 그러나 필자가 이러한 유형의 산성들만 분류하여 사료, 고고자료, 전승자료를 분석한 결과 이들 산성은 예국시대(철기시대), 삼국시대까지 올라갈 수 없다고 판단하였다. 필자는 이들 산성 가운데 극히 일부만 통일신라시대에 활용되었을 가능성이 있고, 대부분의 산성들은 고려시대에서 조선 초기에 축조되어 활용되었으며, 주로 고려말~조선초에 축조되어 활용한 것들이 많다고 판단한다. 이러한 점에서 이들 성을 역사 해석의 근거 자료로 삼을 때에는 매우 주의해야 한다. 이들 성의 성격은 그 규모에 따라 차이가 있겠지만, 산성에 우물이 있어 거주와 입보가 가능하고, 기와들이 존재하는 것으로 보아 이들 산성이 지배계층과 관련될 것이다. 그런데 일부 산성의 경우 ‘官舍’명 기와가 출토되고, ‘長安(城)’을 비롯하여 ‘萬戶’와 ‘鎭長’ 등의 지명유래가 전승되므로 치소성(읍성, 현성)과 관련되기도 하겠지만, 대부분은 그들의 통제를 받거나 관리의 책임을 맡은 지방토착세력의 행정적·군사적 거점(마을)으로 볼 수 있다. 나아가 일부 성들은 바닷가 연변에 위치하고 있어 동해안에서 비정기적인 漕運과 海運의 거점 역할을 하였다고 보여지며, 이들 성이 하천을 끼고 있는 이유도 물자 수송과 관련될 수 있겠다.

소방분야 종사자들의 안전의식에 관한 연구 - 충남지역 소방분야 종사자를 중심으로 -

홍영호 한국화재소방학회 2015 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.29 No.2

This study was carried out for the purpose of awareness survey for safety and fire fighting safety of lives and generalsafety for fire-fighting sector workers of Chung-nam region. The study was carried out in the questionnaire survey. Thequestionnaire respondents were 534 people such as fire-fighting public officials, fire-fighting company worker and safetyrelatedpublic officials. The results of the questionnaire were subjected to statistical processing, such as frequency analysisusing SPSS win 19.0. The reliability of the questionnaire in this study is a Cronbach’ α = 0.710~0.807. According to thesurvey results, Only 15% of the surveyed are think that peoples safety consciousness was high, the remaining respondentsthink the low level of safety consciousness of peoples. According to the findings of the fire-fighting related safety consciousness,fire-fighting public officials safety consciousness level was 4.2 at standard 5 and safety-related public officialswas 3.59. Safety consciousness level order was fire-fighting public officials > Fire-fighting company workers > safetyrelatedpublic officials. According to the survey, the efforts to decrease the difference in recognition for safety is required. 본 연구는 충남지역 소방분야종사자를 대상으로 일반안전, 생활안전 그리고 소방안전에 대한 의식조사를 목적으로 실시하였다. 연구는 설문조사로 진행되었으며 설문응답자는 소방공무원, 소방업체종사자, 안전관련 공무원 등 534명이다. 설문결과는 SPSS win 19.0을 사용하여 빈도분석 등의 통계처리를 하였다. 본 연구에서 설문의 신뢰도는 Cronbach’α = 0.710~0.807이다. 조사결과에 의하면 국민의 안전의식수준이 높다고 생각하는 응답자가 전체 응답자의 15%로 소방분야종사자들은 국민의 안전의식수준이 낮다고 인식하고 있었다. 소방안전의식에 대해 소방공무원은 5점 기준 4.2의 인식을 가지며, 안전관련 공무원은 3.59의 안전의식수준을 나타내고 있다. 안전의식수준은 소방공무원 >소방업체종사자 >안전관련 공무원 순으로 조사되었다. 조사결과에 의하면 안전에 대한 인식의 차이를 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요하다고 할 수있다.