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홍석준 국립목포대학교 도서문화연구원 2023 島嶼文化 Vol.- No.62
This article examines the cultural characteristics and meanings of the definition and use of the concepts of ‘island(섬, seom)’ and ‘islandness[섬성(섬性), seomsung)]’ by critically examining the characteristics and meanings of ‘island discourses’ related to ‘island’ and ‘islandness’. To this purpose, I would like to seek theoretical and methodological clues and ways to examine the continuity and change of ‘island identity’ in depth, focusing on the concept of island and islandness, and sustainability, and provide philosophical clues for humanistic reflections on the characteristics and use of these concepts. In particular, this article proposes the concept of ‘islandness’ as a concept which encompasses ‘island discourses’ and focuses on the cultural characteristics and meanings of ‘island discourses’. This article also aims to understand the interrelationship between these concepts in the context of islands and seas by interrelating the concept of ‘island’, ‘islandness’, ‘island humanities terrain’, and ‘sustainability’ based on a new definition of the concepts of island and islandness to understand the continuity and change of ‘island identity’. To this end, this article tried to actively utilize the concept of ‘island’ and ‘islandness’. ‘Islandness’ is a term and concept that can usually be translated into ‘islandness’,‘island identity’, and ‘islandness’. These diverse and complex island discourses are, in fact, manipulated and transformed for political, economic, and social purposes because the reality of islandness does not exist. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the process in which island discourses are produced, distributed, and consumed rather than the reality of island discourses. This aspect of islandness is overlooked because island discourses actually hinder the understanding of the phenomenon and perception of islands and seas in connection with land. In this respect, island discourses often result in not properly embodying the characteristics and meanings of islands and seas. In particular, these island discourses are mainly produced, distributed, and consumed in a direction that is not irrelevant to the maximization of political and economic benefits of a centralized state and society centered on land and inland, which paradoxically results in the reality of being alienated from the central governmental and national interest and support, and deprived of its own and independent cultural rights of islanders in islands and seas in contemporary Korean society. Depending on how the concept of islandness is defined, it is intended to reveal that these various and diverse discourses on island and islandness are in fact proceeding in the direction of maximizing the political and economic benefits of the land-centered central government or the state by paying attention to the process of manipulating and transforming various discourses for political, economic, and social purposes, despite the fact that the entity of islandness does not exist or it is fluid and flexible according to changes in the times and spatial conditions of islandness. To this end, this article intends to discuss the existing discourses on island related to ‘islandness’ under the premise that it is essential and urgent to consider what cultural characteristics and meanings are in the context of contemporary Korean society.
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Performance Comparison of HTTP, HTTPS, and MQTT for IoT Applications
홍석준,강진규,권순철 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2023 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.12 No.1
Recently, IoT technology has been widely used in many industries. Also research on integrating IoT technology with IoT sensors is actively underway. One of the important challenges in IoT is to support low-latency communication. With the development of communication networks and protocols, a variety of protocols are being used, and their performance is improving. In this paper, we compare the performance and analyze the characteristics of some of the major communication protocols in IoT application, namely MQTT, HTTP, and HTTPS. IoT sensors acquired data by connecting an Arduino equipped with ESP8266 and a temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11). The server measured the performance by building servers for each protocol using AWS EC2. We analyzed the packets transmitted between the Arduino and the server during the data transmission. We measured the amount of data and transfer time. The measurement results showed that MQTT had the lowest data transmission time and data amount among the three protocols.
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홍석준 한국문화인류학회 1998 韓國文化人類學 Vol.31 No.2
This paper examines the changes in the characteristics of wayang kulit(the traditional Malay shadow puppet play) in contemporary Malaysia. It explores the processes whereby the wayang kulit was transformed from a traditional ritual to a tourist event. The data of this paper is based on fieldwork in Kelantan state, located in the northeastern region of the Malay Peninsula, which is very well known as the "cradle" of the Malay traditional culture that includes wayang kulit. This paper draws attention to the exploration of the existence of an essentially 'authentic' or 'pure' traditional culture in social reality. It focuses on the interactions between traditional culture and tourists' demands in constructing diverse discourses on tourism. The form and content of wayang kulit is changing according to social change with the existence of tourists, especially foreign tourists or tourism concerns. Particular attention is paid to what constitutes modern features of wayang kulit in relation to tourism phenomena. In this paper, I emphasize the interaction between wayang kulit and tourism. In particular, I focus upon which aspect of tourism influences wayang kulit. Wayang kulit was one of the traditional rituals which represented the magical, mystical, religious aspect of Malay cosmology or worldview before the spread of mass tourism. Major changes in ideas and attitudes of the Kelantanese Malays toward wayang kulit occurred due to the implementation of the tourist policy of the Islamic party(PAS: Parti Islam Se-Malaysia), which has governed the Kelantan state since the 1990s. The emphasis on Islamic norms and principles transformed the characteristics of traditional Malay arts and rituals. Moreover, the spread of mass tourism also affected the traditional features of wayang kulit. For example, Hindu elements like the story of Ramayana and Mahabarta from India were regarded as un-Islamic or non-Islamic and performances of the art or ritual including Hindu elements were prohibited. In response to the tourist policy raised by the PAS government in Kelantan, dalangs(supervisors of wayang kulit or wayang kulit puppeteers) recognized and accepted the changing social circumstances according to the tourism demands. Their own attitudes and attention toward wayang kulit changed from a traditional ritual which had much reflected the magical, mystical, and symbolic aspects of Malay culture, to a tourist event when the PAS government decided to promote a "different" wayang kulit, due to the emphasis on Islamic norms and principles. at one of the touristic resources through the kertok(the traditional Malay drum) contest. In doing so, wayang kulit became an important tourist event to the Kelantanese Malays. In short, I try to emphasize that tourism was regarded as a realistic fact or phenomenon in this paper. Sometimes, it is necessary to recognize that it brought negative results like various environmental problems and in Smith's terms, the "cocacolarization" of the local culture. Nonetheless, I insist that it is a social fact which cannot be neglected. The tourist "gaze"(Urry 1990) has transformed the traditional characteristics of wayang kulit. In this sense, I hold the opinion that the idea of "the pure," "the true" or "the authentic" does not exist, but is always changing and newly constructing according to changes in social circumstances. And it is true that cultural tradition also affects the characteristics and changes of the tourist "gaze." In conclusion, I propose that there exists a kind of interaction between wayang kulit and tourism, based on socio-cultural circumstances. Particularly in the Kelantan state where the Malays are well-versed in Islamic norms and values, representation of tourism phenomena is much affected by their cultural perspectives. In this paper, I attempt to decide how tourism affects the "traditional" aspects of wayang kulit , and how wayang kulit is transformed by the tourist "gaze." It is not easy to decide exactly how wayang kulit affects tourism or tourist policy. It is, however, obvious that tourism or tourist policy affects and will affect the form and meaning of wayang kulit. The case of the Malaysian wayang kulit described and analyzed in this paper is a good example that provides an understanding of the interaction between tourism and culture in a global context.
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특수 판지 골심용 Fiber-PE 합성 composite의 특성 및 적용성 평가
홍석준,박정윤,이진희,방봉진,김형진 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
국내에서 생산되는 골심용지는 국산골판폐지(Korean old corrugated contaner, KOCC)를 약 85% 이상 재활용하여 생산되어지고 있다. 그러나 이력을 알 수 없이 반복 재생됨에 따라 유연성을 상실하고 각질화된 섬유와 다량의 단섬유 및 미세분이 다량 함유되어있어 그 성상이 조악하고 초지 후 저급한 강도적 특성을 가지고 있다. 또한 목재 섬유로 제작된 골판지의 경우 수분과 접촉하게 되면 흡습하여 그 강도를 유지하지 못해 문제가 되는 경우가 있다. 반면 polyolefin 계열의 물질중 하나인 Low Density PolyEthylene(LDPE)은 흡습하지 않아 수분이 높은 조건에서도 그 형상을 유지할 수 있으며 연소 시에도 유해물질을 방출하지 않는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 Wood fiber와 LDPE 그리고 탄산칼슘을 혼합하여 결합시킨 composite을 제작하고 그 특성과 골심지 대체 소재로의 적용성을 평가 하였다.
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