문학교육과 정의적 발달 : 중등학교 문학교육에서 정의적 영역 평가의 문제

한창훈 ( Han Chang Hun ) 한국문학교육학회 2003 문학교육학 Vol.12 No.-

This is a study on the evaluation of emotional reception in teaching literature in middle and high school. The contents of it is summarized as follows. 1. To evaluate the emotional receptions of students, we must to considerate the linguistic elements of the literary text which is given as a object of teaching. Through those linguistic elements, students receive cognitively the literary text given as a object of learning. 2. However, the linguistic elements of the literary text are not fixed. This is the main base on which we can evaluate emotional reception of students in teaching literature. 3. However, we must not value all responses to the literary text of students. We must only lead students to make emotional response to the literary text. At this time, we should make the linguistic elements of the literary text or the context in which the literary text is placed a precondition. 4. Therefore, the important thing is the abilities of students to explain conditions, the linguistic elements of a literary text or context in which a literary text is placed, to lead them to make emotional response to the literary text. It is the object of evaluation.

한국과 일본의 중등학교 고전문학 교육에 대한 관점의 대비적 고찰

한창훈(Han Chang-hun) 어문연구학회 2020 어문연구 Vol.106 No.-

This study is one of a series of studies aimed at comparing and examining the curriculum of classical literature in Korea and Japan. For this purpose, this study compares and examines the perception of educational status of classical literature in the curriculum of both countries. Curriculum is a practical action that starts with the question of what to teach and how to teach, selects, organizes, implements, evaluates, and improves learning experiences. Korea has been applying the 2015 revised curriculum from 2017 through the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 2007 revision, and 2009 revision from 1954. In Japan, the 7th curriculum is being applied step by step from 2020 after undergoing some revisions in the draft (試案), 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 2003 partial revision, 6th, and partial revision of 7th implementation from 1947. Because the curriculum is based on the national language subject as a minimum unit, there is no independent type of literary curriculum or classical literature curriculum. Therefore, it is possible to study the perception of classical literature as a target on education reflected in the national language curriculum. In form, curriculums of the national language subject are very similar between the two countries. In the case of ‘the Korean language’ in Korea and ‘the Japanese language comprehensive (国語總合)’, which all students from elementary school to high school are required to learn, and in Japan s case, it contains relatively many ancient classics and modern literature works. The big difference is that it covers Chinese characters and even the Chinese writing area. In terms of advanced elective courses in high school, in the case of Korea, it is speech and composition reading and grammar literature classics, and in the case of Japan, it is the Japanese language expression-modern literature classics (国語表現-現代文-古典). In general, the perspective looking at the literary education can be divided into substance oriented literature education, attribute-oriented literature education, and activity-oriented literature education. Looking at this in terms of a measure of hierarchy, in general, it can be seen that it is hierarchized as activity-oriented -> attribute-oriented -> substance-oriented . For example, in terms of the national language subject, the literary education takes place in elementary school, focusing on specific literary activities, and in middle school and high school, focusing on literary attributes, and only when it reaches the literature subject, an optional high school subject, a full-fledged substance-oriented education takes place. In the case of Korea, the national language textbooks tend to be presented as a material to understand their literary properties through works of classics, and literature textbooks are presented as a material to understand the substance of classical literature . Japan conceptualizes classics (古典) including ancient classics and Chinese writing. It is because Chinese writing is also considered to be the basis of Japanese language culture. Like Korea, it is clear that ancient classics, including Chinese writing, do not meet the interests and abilities of students and are of low importance, but it is considered as ‘must not give up . Therefore, rather than translating text into a modern language, the educational method suggests the original text and sets the direction of education oriented on the substance so that actual reading is possible through commentary notes. After all, as far as education of classical literature is concerned, it can be confirmed that Japan is more traditional than Korea in terms of its weight and teaching-learning methods. In particular, in Japan, classics texts are firmly established as “Canon” in textbooks. This phenomenon is more consistent and clearer from elementary school to higher school. 본 논문은 한국과 일본의 고전문학 교육과정을 비교 검토하는 것을 목적으로 하는 일련의 연구 중의 하나이다. 이에 우선 양국의 중등학교 교육과정과 교과서에 나타난 고전문학 교육에 대한 관점을 대비적으로 고찰한다. 교육과정은 무엇을 어떻게 가르칠 것인가의 질문에서 출발하여, 학습 경험을 선정하고 조직하여 실행하고 평가하고 개선해 가는 실천적 행위이다. 한국은 1954년부터 1차, 2차, 3차, 4차, 5차, 6차, 7차, 2007개정, 2009개정을 거쳐 2015개정 교육과정을 2017년부터 적용중이다. 일본은 1947년부터 시안(試案), 1차, 2차, 3차, 4차, 5차, 2003일부개정, 6차, 7차이행일부개정을 거쳐 2020년부터 단계적으로 7차 교육과정을 적용중이다. 교육과정은 국어과를 최소 단위로 하기 때문에, 독립적인 형태의 문학교육과정이나 고전문학 교육과정은 존재하지 않는다. 이에 국어교육과정에 반영된 고전문학 교육에 대한 인식을 대상으로 연구할 수 있다. 형태상으로 보면 양국 간의 국어과 교육과정은 대단히 흡사하다. 초등학교부터 고등학교에 이르기까지 모든 학생들이 배우도록 되어 있는 한국의 ‘국어’와 일본의 ‘国語總合’은 일본의 경우 상대적으로 많은 고문 및 현대문 작품을 싣고 있으며, 한자와 한문 영역까지를 포괄하고 있는 점이 큰 차이점이다. 고등학교에서 이루어지는 심화 선택 과목은 한국의 경우, 화법과 작문·독서와 문법·문학·고전이며, 일본의 경우, 国語表現·現代文·古典이다. 문학 교육을 바라보는 관점은, 일반적으로 실체 중심 문학 교육, 속성 중심 문학 교육, 활동 중심 문학 교육으로 나눌 수 있다. 이를 위계성이라는 척도로 보면, 대체로 “활동 중심 -> 속성 중심 -> 실체 중심”으로 위계화 되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 예를 들면, 초등에서는 구체적인 문학 활동 위주로, 중학교나 고등학교 국어 과목에서는 문학 속성 중심으로, 고등학교 선택 과목인 문학 과목에 이르러서야 본격적인 실체 중심의 교육이 이루어진다는 것이다. 한국의 경우, 국어 교과서는 고전 ‘작품’을 통하여 그 문학적 속성을 이해하는 하나의 자료로서 제시되는 경향이 있고, 문학 교과서는 ‘고전문학’의 실체를 이해하는 자료로 제시된다. 일본은 고문과 한문을 포함해 ‘古典’이라 개념화한다. 한문 역시 일본의 언어문화 근간을 이루고 있다고 보기 때문이다. 한국과 마찬가지로 한문을 포함한 고문이 학생들의 흥미나 능력에 목 미치며 중요도가 낮은 것은 분명하지만, 절대로 ‘포기해서는 안된다’라고 본다. 때문에 교육 방식도 ‘텍스트’를 현대어로 번역하기 보다는 원문을 제시하고 주석 등을 통해서 실제 독해가 가능하도록 실체 중심의 교육 방향을 잡는다. 결국 고전문학 교육에 관한 한 일본이 한국보다 그 비중이나 교수-학습 방법이 전통적임을 확인할 수 있다. 특히 일본은 고전 텍스트가 교과서에서 확고하게 정전으로 자리매김한다. 이는 초등에서 시작하여고등으로 올라올수록 그 현상이 일관적이며 뚜렷하다.

『탐라문견록』에 나타난 제주인의 동아시아 인식과 그 의미

한창훈(Chang Hun Han) 제주학회 2012 濟州島硏究 Vol.38 No.-

본 논문은 18세기 정운경이 남긴 『탐라문견록』을 자료로 하여, 이 시기 제주인의 실제 체험을 통해 파악된 동아시아 지역에 대한 간략한 인식의 지형도를 그려보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 정운경(1699~1753)은 제주 목사로 부임하는 아버지를 따라 제주도에 처음 왔다. 낯선 땅에 온 정윤경은 뜻밖에 많은 제주 사람들이 일본과 대만은 물론, 멀리 베트남까지 표류·표착하다가 다시 돌아왔다는 사실을 알고, 이들을 하나하나 만나 인터뷰하고 그 내용을 기록으로 남겼다. 이런 기록들은 하나로 모은 것이 바로 『탐라문견록』이다. 『탐라문견록』의 분량은 들락날락하지만, 표류 날짜, 지점, 송환 경과 등이 비교적 자세하게 기록되어 있다. 제보자가 기억하는 것은 최대한 꼼꼼하게 정리한 점이 대단히 특징적이다. 국가간 외교 접촉이 극히 제한적이던 18세기 당시, 이런 표류는 민간에서 해외 문화를 체험하는 유일한 통로가 되었다. 해양 활동의 증가와 어업 및 교역의 활성화로 나라마다 빈번한 표류 상황이 발생했고, 이들의 구조와 송환 과정에서 외교적 관계가 부각 되었다. 우리의 경우, 일본과 비교하여 보면, 개별적인 기록은 많이 있지만 체계적인 정리 작업은 되어 있지 못하다. 때문에 『탐라문견록』의 가치가 여기서도 발견된다. 『탐라문견록』에 따르면, 당시 제주인들이 바다로 나가는 경우는 탐험, 모험 등은 없고, 교통 혹은 장사를 주목적으로 하였다. 이들은 표류시 일반적인 의사소통은 필담을 통해 하였다. 당시 동아시아 특히, 중국, 한국, 일본, 베트남은 한문 문화권에 속했고, 과거 제도를 실시하는 나라였으므로, 한문을 통한 필담이 큰 문제가 되지 않았음을 알 수 있다. 대부분 송환은 중국을 거쳐 조선으로 보내지는 절차를 밟았는데, 이 때 명의 연호를 사용하는 문제가 큰 걸림돌이 되었다. 그리고 특히 조선의 경우, 송환 시스템이 체계적으로 갖추어져 있지 않았다. 대만이나 류쿠, 안남 등지의 낯선 풍속과 일본인들의 생활상 등 표류민들의 다양한 해외 체험 및 관찰 기록이 전해진다. The purpose of this paper is to make a brief topography of Jeju people`s recognition of the East Asian region as was grasped via their actual experiences in the 18th century with Jeong Un-gyeong`s Tamramungyeonrok A Description of Jeju as its principal material. Jeong Un-gyeong(1699~1753) came to Jeju Island along with his father, who took office as governor fo Jeju. In this strange island, he unexpectedly learned that many of Jeju people had returned home after drifting even some far distant Vietnam land as well as Japan and Taiwan, and hence interviewed each one of them to make records of their experiences. What was resulted from the collection of such records was Tamramungyeonrok. The contents of Tamramungyeonrok are not uniform, but it has comparatively detailed descriptions of datas of drifting points of events, processes of return. It is unique to the effect that Jeong tried to writh what the informants remembered as carefully in detail as possible. In the 18th century, when international contacts were extremely limited, such drift cases were the only route to common people`s experiencing foreign cultures. There occurred frequent events of drift across various countries due to increase in oceanic activities and activation of fishing and trade, and hence diplomatic concern was prominent in the course of the salvation of drifters. In the case of Korea, compared with Japan, though there were lots of individual records, systematic compilation was not yet attained. The value of Tamramungyeonrok lies in this fact. According to Tamramungyeonrok Jeju people were involved in trading or traffic not in expedition and adventure when they proceeded to the sea. They generally communicated in writing when they encountered foreigners due to drifting. At that time, as East Asian countries, especially Korea, China, Japan, and Vietnam, belonged to the culture of Chinese classic literature and enforced the system of national examination, communication in writing was not a big problem. However, most of returning processes were through China to Joseon, in which case the use of Ming`s chronological title was a big trouble. In particular, Joseon was not equipped with an administrative system of return. Records of various overseas experiences and observations have been transmitted including strange customs in Taiwan, Ryukyu, Vietnam etc, and Japanese life aspects.

외과적 급속상악확장술 후 악골 및 치아의 위치 변화에 대한 연구

한창훈(Chang-Hun Han),국민석(Min-Suk Kook),박홍주(Hong-Ju Park),오희균(Hee-Kyun Oh) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2005 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.31 No.5

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dentoalveolar dimensional changes following surgically-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). Patients & methods: Thirteen adults who had been treated by SARME for transverse maxillary deficiency from May 2000 to December 2003 were evaluated. The SARME procedure was the subtotal Le Fort I osteotomy combined with pterygomaxillary separation and anterior midpalatal osteotomy. Dental study casts and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs were taken before operation, after removal of expansion device, and follow up period. Nasal cavity width, skeletal and dentoalveolar parameters were measured pre- and post-operatively. Results: 1. Mean nasal cavity width was increased 12%(0-21%) of total expansion after retention. 2. Mean maxillary interdental width was increased 70%(47-99%), 95%(84-115%), and 77%(57-94%) of total expansion in the canine, the first premolar, and the first molar region, respectively after retention. 3. Mean maxillary alveolar bone width was increased 66%(42-84%), 74%(42-94%), and 57%(31-78%) of total expansion in the canine, the first premolar, and the first molar region, respectively after retention. 4. Mean palatal vault depth was decreased 1.3 mm (0.5-2.0 mm) after retention. 5. Mean interdental and alveolar bone width of the mandibular canine and intermolar width of mandible were slight increased as maxilla was expanded after retention. 6. There were statistical differences between preoperative and postoperative values of nasal cavity, all maxillary interdental and interalveolar widths, palatal vault depth, mandibular interdental and interalveolar width of canine(paired t-test, p<0.05). 7. The maxillary interdental and alveolar bone width were decreased approximately 25% of total expansion by relapse at follow up period. Conclusion: In conclusion, most amounts of maxillary interdental expansions were acquired with the expansion of the maxilla by SARME. For preventing the relapse, approximately 25% of the overexpansion was needed.

판소리 문학사에 있어서 <게우사>의 위상 (The Status of <Gewusa> in the History of Pansori Literature)

한창훈(Han Chang Hun) 국어문학회 2009 국어문학 Vol.46 No.-

<Gewusa> is not a Pansori song version but a novel version. Pansori based novels are reading materials transcribed or printed to be read, and include all alternative versions. The title <Gewusa> is also a clue to the fact that the novel originated from <Musuki Taryeong>. The weakening of the function of inserted poetry, which is one of important characteristics of Pansori, suggests that the work was transformed into a novel. Inserted poetry is for drawing the audience's sympathy in the field of performance. Thus, it is considered a natural phenomenon that inserted poetry, which is not so important in a novel version, was omitted or replaced with narrations. With regard to narration techniques as well, the dialogue part of <Gewusa> maintains many of the characteristics of its song version, but the other parts are closer to a novel than to the song version. Assuming that <Gewusa> was transcribed in 1890, we can infer that it was rewritten and its transcribed version was distributed in the trend of transition of Pansori narrations into novels. With regard to its relation with song <Gewusa>, the relation was inferred from hypothesizing transformation not from a song to Pansori or Pansori style novel as in the commonly held opinion but in the opposite direction. However, this part is considered to require further discussion.

제주도 무가 연구의 검토와 전만 (2)

한창훈(Chang Hun Han) 제주학회 2009 濟州島硏究 Vol.32 No.-

본 논문은 최근 들어 나온 제주도 무가 관련 학위 논문들의 성과와 과제를 검토한 것이다. 이를 중심으로 하여 제주도 무가 연구의 최근 현황을 검토하고, 연구사적 전망을 시도한다. 제주도 무속과 무가의 경우, 자료 자체의 수집 정리는 이미 한계점에 도달하고 있는 것으로 생각된다. 그렇다면 다음의 과제는 이러한 자료의 분석을 통하여 의미 있는 이론적 연구 성과를 내놓아야 하는 문제가 된다. 최근 연구 성과는 본풀이 분석을 위주로 하는 문학 연구의 틀을 넘어서, 신앙의 문제를 집중적으로 다룬 점이 주목된다. 본풀이의 역사적 변이 양상을 치밀하게 다루는 연구도 나왔다. 특히, 제주 신화와 미야코지마 신화를 비교한 연구는 향후 제주도 무가 연구의 방향을 선도적으로 잘 보여준다고 판단된다. 학문의 발전은 단숨에 이루어지지 않는다. 때문에 최근 주목받는 연구 못지않게 기존의 연구 성과에 대한 비평적 성찰의 중요성은 다시금 강조된다. 자료의 수집 정리에서, 공시적 통시적 과정의 연구, 타 문화권과의 비교 연구로 이어지는 제주도 무가 연구의 흐름은 학문의 발전 과정을 잘 대변해 주고 있는 것으로 보인다. This paper examines the achievements arid tasks of recent theses for a degree related to shaman Songs in Jeju Island. It attempts to review recent conditions of research on shaman songs in Jeju island based on them, and to present an outlook from the perspective of the history of the research area. As for the shamanism and shaman songs in Jeju Island, it is believed that the collection and arrangement of the relevant data have already reached the limit. Thus, the next task is to present significant theoretical work through the analysis of these data. Recent work in Jeju Island s shaman songs is remarkable in that it has intensely addressed the problem of faith going beyond the framework of literary study concentrated on the analysis of Bopuri main story. There are studies that elaborate the aspects of historical changes in Bonpuri. In particular, the work comparing Jeju s and Miyakojima myths well leads the future direction of research on shaman songs in Jeju Island. Academic development is not built in a day. For this reason, emphasis should be given to the importance of the critical examination of the existing work as well as the recent attractive studies. The trends of the research on shaman songs in Jeju Island from the collection and arrangement of data, through the study of synchronic and diachronic processes, to the comparative study with other cultural areas seem to well represent the process of the academic development.

시조문화 정보시스템 개발의 가능성과 전망

한창훈(Han Chang-Hun) 한국시조학회 2003 시조학논총 Vol.19 No.-

이 논문은 시조문화 정보 시스템 개발의 가능성과 전망을 논한 것이다. 본문의 내용을 요약하여 제시하면 다음과 같다. 1. 언어 자료로서의 시조 운화 정보 시스템은 원전 자료를 포함한 자료의 입력ㆍ교정 작업이 우선 필요하다. 2. 구축된 원시 자료를 가공할 때에는 TEl (Text Encoding Initiative). 시소러스(Thesauras) 등의 작업이 고려되어야 한다. 3. 이는 Topic Map을 구축하는 기본 작업이 된다. 4. 예술 자료로서의 시조 운화 정보 시스템은 다른 자료들 - 이미지, 동영상 등 - 과의 연결(link)이 매우 중요하다. This treatise discuss the possibility and prospect for developing Sijo Munhwa information system. The contents of it is summarized as follows. 1. We must gather and input correctly materials including original texts to develope Sijo Munhwa information system as linguistic data. 2. We must consider TEI(Text Encoding Initiative) and thesauras when we process the database. 3. 2 form the ground work of building Topic Map. 4. It's very important to link Sijo Munhwa information system as art material with visual or auditory images in three dimensions completely.

朝鮮 後期 漢詩에 나타난 事實性에 대한 一考察 : <田間紀事>와 <己庚紀事>를 대상으로

韓昌勳(Han Chang-hun) 국어문학회 2008 국어문학 Vol.44 No.-

We can refer to Jeong Yak-yang (1762-1836) and Lee Hak-gyu (1770-1834) as representative figures on the side of practice of realistic poetic recognition in the late Joseon. Jeong Yak-yong has been evaluated as a great scholar who integrated Sil-hak 'practical scholarship' on one hand, and occupies a great position in the history of the late Joseon's ideology on the other. Lee Hak-gyu also underwent life in exile for 34 years, and was influenced considerably on the poetic side by Jeong while exchanging with him. Of his works, those dealing with the miserable aspects of farmers occupy the central positions. He also created <Gigyeong Gisa> as a reply to Jeong's <Jeongan Gisa>. As the two works are composed of narrative contents in a Sanbaipian-style form, they take reality as one of their most prominent characteristics. First of all, they figure aspects of farmers facing penury, and of bureaucrats full of corruption and vanity. In addition, as narrative poems, they are understood as having a structure of confrontation. However, considering them through thematic examination, they have limitations in that they cannot solve all the problems with the reality at that time. The two authors' have many classic Chinese poems. Hence, we cannot account for the entire aspects of their works with only a few fragments. It is another task to review other works by these two authors.

제주도 무가에 형상화된 여성(신)의 성격

한창훈(Chang Hun Han) 제주학회 1998 濟州島硏究 Vol.15 No.-

한국어문학과 시각 매체 고전시가 교육과 시각 매체

한창훈 ( Chang Hun Han ) 우리어문학회 2010 우리어문연구 Vol.37 No.-