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주암호 농촌유역 오염부하특성과 동위원소를 이용한 오염기원 규명
최유진 ( Choi You-jin ),윤광식 ( Yoon Kwang-sik ),최우정 ( Choi Woo-jung ),최우영 ( Choi Woo-young ),정재운 ( Jung Ae-woon ),임상선 ( Lim Sang-sun ),이준배 ( Lee Jun-bae ),최훈근 ( Choi Ho-geun ) 한국농공학회 2009 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2009 No.-
유역에서의 오염부하 저감을 위한 최적관리기법을 도출하기 위해서는 모니터링을 통한 수문 및 물질순환과정을 정량적으로 분석하고 이를 통하여 주요한 오염원을 파악할 수 있는 종합적이고 체계적인 연구가 필요하나 모니터링을 통한 농촌유역에서의 오염부하량 산정에 관한 연구는 아직까지 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 주암호의 오염기원을 밝힘으로 시기별 주요오염원 관리에 도움을 주고자한다. 주암호 내 농촌유역은 외남천 유역으로 선정하였다. 외남천 유역은 전남 화순군 남면과 한천면일대로 2면 11개리로 구성되어있고, 섬진강 수계로 지방 2급 하천이다. 토지이용은 국립지리원에서 발행하는 토지이용도를 구매하여 GIS프로그램인 Arcview를 사용하여 분류하였다. 이 중 논은 575ha(9.8%), 밭 212ha(3.6%), 임야 4,826ha (82.6%), 주거지 63ha(1.2%), 기타 165ha(2.8%)로 구성되어 있어, 외남천유역은 임야와 농경지가 주요 토지이용임을 알 수 있었다. 수질 관측은 외남천의 상류(헌무교), 중류(상사교), 하류(사평교)를 선정하여 강우시와 비강우시를 기준으로 샘플링을 실시하였다. 질소동위원소를 사용하여 시기별 지점별 오염을 규명하였다. 오염원 구분기준은 δ<sup>15</sup>N이 +5‰ 이하인 경우 화학비료, +10‰이상은 축산분뇨 또는 생활하수의 영향이 있는 것으로 판단하였다. 최상류 지점인 현무교 지점의 경우 45.5±5.3‰를 보여주고 있어서 항상 축산분뇨의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 9~10월에 높은 값을 보여주고 있다. 상사교의 경우 19.7±2.0‰, 사평교는 8.7±1.5‰의 값을 보이고있다. 상사교의 경우 축산분뇨 영향과 비료에 의한 영향 그리고 오염원 혼합효과를 함께 볼 수 있으며 하류지점인 사푱교에 와서는 축산분뇨 효과는 감소하여 δ<sup>15</sup>N이 5이하로 시비에 의한 영향이 명확한 경우를 볼 수 있다.
신상희 ( Sang Hee Shin ),고준호 ( Joon Ho Ko ),이세희 ( Se Hee Lee ),최유진 ( Yu Jin Choi ) 서울시정개발연구원 2008 연구보고서 Vol.2008 No.27
Road vehicles have long been identified as major contributors to the urban air pollution; this can be applied to Seoul. As a consequence, Seoul Metropolitan Government has introduced various schemes to reduce traffic-related air pollution, not giving noticeable improvement of air quality. It is by no means simple and easy to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic-related policies aimed at air quality improvement due to complex and nonlinear nature of air pollutants. It can be done only from systematic analyses of traffic and air pollution monitoring data and information. Currently, both traffic and air pollution monitoring networks have been operated in Seoul with their own purposes. In this study, the existing traffic and air pollution monitoring networks were investigated if the both the monitoring systems could be linked in order to understand the relations between transport emissions and air pollutant concentrations in depth and to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic-related policies. Furthermore, effective and efficient approaches to linking traffic and air monitoring data have been sought. Main results and suggestions from this study are as follows. 1. Correlation analysis of traffic and air pollution data from existing traffic and air pollution monitoring networks Initially, the traffic monitoring network was set up to check traffic flow, while air pollution monitoring network was set up to investigate air quality over the space people reside in. Hence, the monitoring sites of the both systems are not co-located. The shortest distance between current traffic and air pollution monitoring sites is around 340m, implying a fundamental limitation in simply linking the existing traffic and air pollution monitoring network systems. With this limitation in mind, various correlation analyses between the hour-by-hour concentrations of PM10, CO and NOx (NO & NO2) and traffic volumes, collected at the existing air and traffic monitoring sites for recent three years, have been carried out. The finding is that only NOx at a few sites show statistically meaningful correlations with traffic volume during the morning hours of 6 am to 9 am. Hence, we conclude that simple correlation analyses using data from current traffic and air pollution monitoring systems may not provide a direct answer to whether a potential traffic-related policy is effective in mitigating air pollution levels. 2. Approaches to linking traffic and air pollution monitoring data Foreign cases to link traffic and air pollution monitoring data have been reviewed, revealing that in most cases long-term co-located traffic and air pollution monitoring sites have been operated to investigate the relation between traffic and air pollution. From the careful review of the cases, following suggestions are made. 1) Short-term approaches Mobile monitoring stations, equipped with devices of both air pollution and traffic monitoring, should be prepared and deployed wherever and whenever needed. The traffic monitoring items must include not only traffic speed and volume but also the vehicles` body and fuel types. Traffic information collected by vehicle type and fuel type can be used for in-depth evaluations of traffic-related measures applied to specific vehicle type or fuel type. In addition, the greenhouse gases need to be monitored, considering the increasing interest in global warming. Firstly, the long-term co-located traffic and air pollution monitoring should be introduced to identify the relation of vehicle emissions and air pollution in more details. The location and items to be monitored should be carefully investigated in advance. The monitoring location may be selected using various modeling tools so that the estimation of the possible impacts of traffic-related policies on the air quality over the area of interest can be performed. Secondly, traffic management systems with air quality monitoring feedback should be developed in the future. To make it happen, a flexible framework allowing communications between transport emissions and traffic conditions needs to be developed by introducing a system providing high time/space resolution measurements of both air pollutant concentrations and traffic conditions on a real-time basis.
양정경 ( Jung Kyung Yang ),이정호 ( Jung Ho Lee ),권미혜 ( Mi Hye Kwon ),정지현 ( Ji Hyun Jeong ),이고은 ( Go Eun Lee ),조현민 ( Hyun Min Cho ),김영진 ( Young Jin Kim ),정성미 ( Sung Mee Jung ),최유진 ( Eu Gene Choi ),손지웅 ( Ji 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2007 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.63 No.3
배경: 삼출성 흉수 환자의 적지 않은 빈도에서 원인이 불명확하다. 삼출성 흉수를 진단하기 위한 다양한 방법 중에서 내과적 흉강경은 국소마취 하에서 시행할 수 있으며 악성 종양이나 결핵에서 진단율이 높으며, 진정제와 국소마취상태에서 시행할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 내과적 흉강경의 진단적 정확성과 안전성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 10월부터 2006년 9월까지 25명의 원인을 알 수 없는 삼출성 흉수 환자를 대상으로 내과적 흉강경을 시행하였다. 성별, 연령 시술 전 폐기능, 흉부 측와위 사진에서 흉수의 두께(LDR) 등의 정보를 얻었다. 내과적 흉강경 시행도중 활력징후를 기록하였고 동맥혈 가스 분석을 5차례 시행하여 혈역학적 상태와 산-염기 균형 상태를 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 결과: 환자의 평균 연령은 56.8(22-79)세였고, 흉부 측와위 사진에서 흉수의 두께는 27.49 mm이었다. 내과적 흉강경을 이용한 흉막 조직 생검으로 24명(96%)이 진단되었으며, 결핵성 흉막염이 9명(36%), 악성 흉수가 8명(32%), 부폐렴성 흉수가 7명(28%)이었다. 내과적 흉강경으로 흉수의 원인을 알아낼 수 없었던 1명(4%)은 추후에 심장막 조직 생검으로 결핵으로 진단되었다. 내과적 흉강경 중 혈압, 심박동수, 산-염기 상태의 변화는 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 결론: 내과적 흉강경은 진단율이 높으면서도 안전한 시술이다. Background: The causes of the pleural effusion are remained unclear in a the substantial number of patients with exudative effusions determined by an examination of the fluid obtained via thoracentesis. Among the various tools for diagnosing exudative pleural effusions, thoracoscopy has a high diagnostic yield for cancer and tuberculosis. Medical thoracoscopy can also be carried out under local anesthesia with mild sedation. The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic accuracy and safety of medical thoracoscopy. Methods: Twenty-five patients with exudative pleural effusions of an unknown cause underwent medical thoracoscopy between October 2005 and September 2006 in Konyang University Hospital. The clinical data such as age, gender, preoperative pulmonary function, amounts of pleural effusion on lateral decubitus radiography were collected. The vital signs were recorded, and arterial blood gas analyses were performed five times during medical thoracoscopy in order to evaluate the cardiopulmonary status and acid-base changes. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.8 years (range 22-79). The mean depth of the effusion on lateral decubitus radiography (LDR) was 27.49 mm. The medical thoracoscopic pleural biopsy was diagnostic in 24 patients (96.0%), with a diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy in 9 patients (36%), malignant effusions in 8 patients (32%), and parapneumonic effusions in 7 patients (28%). Medical thoracoscopy failed to confirm the cause of the pleural effusion in one patient, who was diagnosed with tuberculosis by a pericardial biopsy. There were no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, acid-base and no major complications in all cases during medical thoracoscopy (p>0.05). Conclusions: Medical thoracoscopy is a safe method for patients with unknown pleural effusions with a relatively high diagnostic accuracy. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2007; 63: 261-267)
굼벵이 유래 밀리타리스 동충하초 열수 추출물의 유전독성평가
조월순(Wol Soon Jo),남병혁(Byung Hyouk Nam),최유진(Yoo Jin Choi),오수정(Su Jung Oh),강은영(Eun-Young Kang),이상호(Sang Ho Lee),정민호(Min Ho Jeong) 한국독성학회 2007 Toxicological Research Vol.23 No.3
Water extract of Cordyceps militaris grown upon Protuetja dreujtarsis (CMPD) was examined for the genetic toxicity-bacterial mutagenicity, chromosome aberration, and micronucleus formation. For mutagenicity assay, bacterial reversion test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA 1537, and E. coli WP2uvrA were performed. The extract at the concentrations of 50~5,000 ㎍/plate did not induce mutagenicity at all. Chromosome aberration test was performed by using Chinese lung (CHL) cells. There was no significant chromosome aberration in CHL cells with S-9 mixture at the concentrations of 312.5~1,250 ㎍/㎖ of the extract and without S-9 mixture at the concentrations of 1.2~19.5 ㎍/㎖ of the extract. For micronucleus test, ICR mice were treated with the extract at the dose of 0.5, 1, and 2 g/㎏. The frequencies of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in bone marrow preparations of the extract-treated group were not increased compared to the untreated control group. Taken together, our results show that water extract of CMPD did not induce any harmful genotoxicity.
순환유동층 연소로에서 하수슬러지/목질계 바이오매스 혼합펠릿의 연소: 오염물질 저감을 위한 산화제 변화 영향
백건욱(Geon-Uk Baek),문지홍(Ji-Hong Moon),조성호(Sung-Ho Jo),박성진(Sung-Jin Park),김재영(Jae-Young Kim),최유진(Yu-Jin Choi),배달희(Dal-Hee Bae),Nguyen Hoang Khoi,이규복(Kyubock Lee),문태영(Tae-Young Mun) 한국연소학회 2020 한국연소학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Combustion experiment for pellets of sewage sludge and woody biomass blend was conducted in a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) consisting of the riser, two hot cyclones and a loop-seal to reduce pollutant emission in exhausted flue gas. To achieve them, the effect of the oxidant variations, such as superficial velocity, equivalence ratio(ER: 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) and combustion atmosphere (air-fired and oxy-fired) was evaluated. As pollutant emissions in flue gas, SO₂, NO, CO, CO₂, HCl, odor contaminants and leaching behavior of heavy metals were analyzed. As a result, to stably operate combustion of pellet mixed with sewage sludge and woody biomass as alternative renewable fuel in a CFBC system, the superficial velocity in the riser had to be kept under 6 m/s and the equivalence ratio was proper around 1.3-1.4. All odor contaminants formed at these operating conditions met the domestic air pollutant standards. Heavy metals in fly ash met the environment ministry’s standard. Additionally, compared to air-firing, SO₂, NO and CO as precursors of fine particles during oxy-firing were reduced by 70.8, 77.1 and 38.2%, respectively.