Quantitative PCR for Etiologic Diagnosis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit

Kwon, Sun-Jung,Jeon, Tae-Hyeon,Seo, Dong-Wook,Na, Moon-Joon,Choi, Eu-Gene,Son, Ji-Woong,Yoo, Eun-Hyung,Park, Chang-Gyo,Lee, Hoi-Young,Kim, Ju-Ock,Kim, Sun-Young,Kang, Jae-Ku The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.3

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Since methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent pathogen in VAP, rapid identification of it, is pivotal. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a useful method for etiologic diagnoses of MRSA pneumonia. Methods: We performed qPCR for mecA, S. aureus-specific femA-SA, and S. epidermidis-specific femA-SE genes from bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial washing samples obtained from clinically-suspected VAP. Molecular identification of MRSA was based on the presence of the mecA and femA-SA gene, with the absence of the femA-SE gene. To compensate for the experimental and clinical conditions, we spiked an internal control in the course of DNA extraction. We estimated number of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of MRSA samples through a standard curve of a serially-diluted reference MRSA strain. We compared the threshold cycle (Ct) value with the microbiologic results of MRSA. Results: We obtained the mecA gene standard curve, which showed the detection limit of the mecA gene to be 100 fg, which corresponds to a copy number of 30. We chose cut-off Ct values of 27.94 (equivalent to $1{\times}10^4$ CFU/mL) and 21.78 (equivalent to $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL). The sensitivity and specificity of our assay were 88.9% and 88.9% respectively, when compared with quantitative cultures. Conclusion: Our results were valuable for diagnosing and identifying pathogens involved in VAP. We believe our modified qPCR is an appropriate tool for the rapid diagnosis of clinical pathogens regarding patients in the intensive care unit.

Quantitative PCR for Etiologic Diagnosis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit

( Sun Jung Kwon ),( Taeh Yeon Jeon ),( Dong Wook Seo ),( Moon Joon Na ),( Eu Gene Choi,),( Ji Woong Son ),( Eun Hyung Yoo ),( Chang Gyo Park ),( Hoi Young Lee ),( Ju Ock Kim ),( Sun Young Kim ),( Jae 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.3

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Since methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent pathogen in VAP, rapid identification of it, is pivotal. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a useful method for etiologic diagnoses of MRSA pneumonia. Methods: We performed qPCR for mecA, S. aureus-specific femA-SA, and S. epidermidis-specific femA-SE genes from bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial washing samples obtained from clinically-suspected VAP. Molecular identification of MRSA was based on the presence of the mecA and femA-SA gene, with the absence of the femA-SE gene. To compensate for the experimental and clinical conditions, we spiked an internal control in the course of DNA extraction. We estimated number of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of MRSA samples through a standard curve of a serially-diluted reference MRSA strain. We compared the threshold cycle (Ct) value with the microbiologic results of MRSA. Results: We obtained the mecA gene standard curve, which showed the detection limit of the mecA gene to be 100 fg, which corresponds to a copy number of 30. We chose cut-off Ct values of 27.94 (equivalent to 1×104 CFU/mL) and 21.78 (equivalent to 1×105 CFU/mL). The sensitivity and specificity of our assay were 88.9% and 88.9% respectively, when compared with quantitative cultures. Conclusion: Our results were valuable for diagnosing and identifying pathogens involved in VAP. We believe our modified qPCR is an appropriate tool for the rapid diagnosis of clinical pathogens regarding patients in the intensive care unit.

MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Korean Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

( Ji Woong Son ),( Young Jin Kim ),( Hyun Min Cho ),( Soo Young Lee ),( Jin Sung Jang ),( Jin Eun Choi ),( Jung Uee Lee ),( Min Gyu Kang ),( Yu Mi Lee ),( Sun Jung Kwon ),( Eu Gene Choi ),( Moon Jun N 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2009 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.67 No.5

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, development and differentiation. Several studies have shown that aberrant expression of miRNAs is involved in cancer development and progression by regulating the expression of proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we investigated miRNA expression profiles in Korean patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We performed miRNA microarray analysis containing 60∼65 bp oligonucleotide probes representing human 318 miRNAs and validated the results of the microarray with Northern blot analysis or quantitative RT-PCR. Next, we examined the correlation between miRNA expression and the target gene transcriptional profile using a human whole-genome-expression microarray. Results: We showed that 35 miRNAs were expressed differentially in the NSCLCs and corresponding non-malignant lung tissues. We showed that 35 miRNAs were expressed differentially in the NSCLCs and corresponding nonmalignant lung tissues. Thirteen of the 35 differentially expressed miRNAs were newly identified in the present study. Of the 35 miRNAs, 2 (miR-371 and miR-210) were over-expressed in lung cancers, and 33 miRNAs, including miR-145, were under-expressed in lung cancers. miR-99b expression consistently showed a negative correlation with FGFR3 expression. Conclusion: Albeit a small number of patients were examined, these results suggest that miRNA expression profiles in Korean lung cancers may be somewhat different from the expression profiles reported on lung cancers in Western populations. The findings suggest that miR-99b might be a tumor suppressor through its up-regulation of FGFR3.

소디움클로라이트를 이용한 3단계 치아미백세치제의 치아미백효과에 관한 연구

오필선,최유진 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

It is beauty is his true character. Today it was extensively used for tooth whitening by Peroxide systen. This method is using the oxidation of peroxide, and has many defects. Just in time, there was an opinion that Non-peroxide tooth whitening system, an 3-step-tooth whitening toothpaste system, was newly developed at America in 1999, and this system was safe to vital teeth and it quickly got whitening effect. So we reorganized 103 Koreans to two groups( 50persons of experiment group, 53persons of control group). Experiment group han used an 3-step-tooth whitening toothpaste system, control group typical toothpaste. And we measured the value befor the use of respective toothpastes and the value after its use for 3 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. There was 25.11%of tooth whitening effects in experiment group for 3 weeks(p<0.01). 2. There was no any side effects on experimental toothpaste used for 3 weeks.

Hpall- Mspl Methylation Microarray를 이용한 비소세포폐암의 DNA Methylation Marker 발굴

권미혜 ( Mi Hye Kwon ),이고은 ( Go Eun Lee ),권선중 ( Sun Jung Kwon ),최유진 ( Eu Gene Choi ),나문준 ( Moon Jun Na ),조현민 ( Hyun Min Cho ),김영진 ( Young Jin Kim ),설혜정 ( Hye Jung Sul ),조영준 ( Young Jun Cho ),손지웅 ( Ji Woo 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2008 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.65 No.6

연구배경: 유전자의 후생적인 변화(epigenetic alteration)는 악성종양의 병인론에 있어서 유전자 변이와 동등한 위치를 점하고 있다. 특히 종양억제 유전자의 전사 촉진(promoter) 부위에 발생하는 비정상적인 메칠화(methylation)는 유전자의 발현을 침묵화(silencing)하고, 결과적으로 유전자의 기능 소실을 일으키게 된다. 저자들은 CpG island와 HpaII site를 가지고 있으며 암화 과정에 관여할 것으로 생각되는 유전자에 대하여 HpaII-MspI methylation microarray를 이용하여 새로운 종양억제 유전자를 발굴하고자 하였다. 방법: 2005년 건양대학교 병원에서 수술한 비 소세포성 폐암 환자 10명에서 폐암조직과 상응하는 암 주변의 정상조직을 얻었으며, HpaII-MspI methylation microarray (Methyl-Scan DNA chip(R), Genomic tree, Inc, South Korea)를 이용하여 21개의 유전자에 대하여 DNA methylation profile을 분석하였다. 각각의 유전자에서 메칠화된 정도를 두 그룹에서 비교하였고, 정상 대조군으로 두 명의 젊고 건강한 기흉 환자에서 수술한 폐 조직에 대하여 methylation profile을 분석하였다. 결과: 21개의 대상 유전자 중 10개의 유전자에서 폐암조직, 폐암 주변 정상 조직, 대조군에서 모두 공통적으로 과메칠화 되었고, 나머지 11개의 유전자 중 APC, AR, RAR-b, HTR1B, EPHA3, CFTR의 6개의 유전자에서 대조군에서 메칠화가 없으며, 폐암조직에서 폐암 주변 정상 조직에 비하여 더 빈번하게 과메칠화 되었다. 결론: HTR1B, EPHA3, CFTR은 비소세포 폐암에서 후생적 변화로 발생하는 새로운 종양억제 유전자의 후보유전자로서의 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각한다. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;65:495-503) Background: Epigenetic alterations in certain genes are now known as at least important as genetic mutation in pathogenesis of cancer. Especially abnormal hypermethylation in or near promoter region of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are known to result in gene silencing and loss of gene function eventually. The authors tried to search for new lung cancer-specific TSGs which have CpG islands and HpaII sites, and are thought to be involved in carcinogenesis by epigenetic mechanism. Methods: Tumor tissue and corresponding adjacent normal tissue were obtained from 10 patients who diagnosed with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and underwent surgery in Konyang university hospital in 2005. Methylation profiles of promoter region of 21 genes in tumor tissue & non-tumor tissue were examined with HpaII-MspI methylation microarray (Methyl-Scan DNA chip(R), Genomic tree, Inc, South Korea). The rates of hypermethylation were compared in tumor and non-tumor group, and as a normal control, we obtained lung tissue from two young patients with pneumothorax during bullectomies, methylation profiles were examined in the same way. Results: Among the 21 genes, 10 genes were commonly methylated in tumor, non-tumor, and control group. The 6 genes of APC, AR, RAR-b, HTR1B, EPHA3, and CFTR, among the rest of 11 genes were not methyl-lated in control, and more frequently hypermethylated in tumor tissue than non-tumor tissue. Conclusion: In the present study, HTR1B, EPHA3, and CFTR are suggested as possible novel TSGs of NSCLC by epigenetic mechanism.

Explaining the LEED Concentration: Effects of Public Policy

( Eu Gene Choi ) 한국행정학회 2010 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.-

The United States has experienced a rapid growth of the number of cumulative green buildings since 2000. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing the concentration of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certified buildings in the United States. Employing a panel model that accounts for unobserved year and state heterogeneity we hypothesize effects of green building standards at the state level and effects of financial incentives supported by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 on the concentration of LEED certified buildings. In the model, we control for other literature driven factors such as real estate market condition, the party of state governors and local demand that may have effects on the LEED concentration. To measure the LEED concentration we use the Location Quotient function which let us know which states have a greater share of LEED certified buildings compared to a reference which is the top 20 US states which have more cumulative LEED certified buildings.

Reproductive Fertility of Cloned Male Cats Derived from Adult Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Choi, Eu-Gene,Yin, Xi-Jun,Lee, Hyo-Sang,Kim, Lyoung-Ho,Shin, Hyoung-Doo,Kim, Nam-Hyung,Kong, Il-Keun Mary Ann Liebert 2007 Cloning & stem cells Vol.9 No.2

명품브랜드 광고전략 연구

최유진 ( Choi Eu Gene ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2007 한국디자인포럼 Vol.15 No.-

명품이라는 브랜드는 상징적의미 ,욕망의 표상이다. 그리고 광고와 브랜드 간에는 밀접한 관계가 있다. 명품광고가 브랜드와 수용자에게 전하는 메시지, 기법이 판매에 상당한 영향을 미침을 발견한다. 레이몬드 윌리엄스는 문화를 상징체계로 이해했다. 인간은 상징적의미를 매개로 상호작용과 의사소통이 이루어진다는 의미이다. 현 사회에서의 명품이 가지는 의미는 상품 속성 보다 브랜드가 가지는 속성에 더 가깝다. 브랜드는 상품 그 이상의 의미인 것이다. 수용자 즉 소비자는 소비를 통하여 상징체계를 자신의 의미로 재해석한다. 따라서 명품브랜드에는 문화적 정체성과 의미가 담겨있다. 명품 ,브랜드 ,수용자간의 의사소통할 수 있는 구조가 있다. 이제 명품은 더 이상 사치품이 아니다. 수용자 욕망을 만족시키는 구조이다. 또한 "명품"이라고 지칭되는 브랜드의 광고 전략에는 그들만의 독특하고 고유한 전략이 있음을 발견한다. The brand is a life width at the one of symbolic meaning and desire. Advertisement and brand are relationship is close. The advertisement in the brand and the consumer considerable to a sale message which it conveys, the effect where technique is . Raymond William the drives understood a culture with the symbolic system. The human being symbolic meaning interaction and understood is gentle by any means with mediation. The present society luxury meaning which the life has sourly goods attribute compared to is nearer in the attribute which the brand has. The brand is to be meaning the above that of the goods. To the brand cultural true identity result meaning is being put in consequently. The of life width, the brand and accommodating there is a structure it could be understood. Recently life width compared to is not the above luxury. It is a structure which is satisfied a consumer desire. Also “Luxury goods", to advertisement strategy of the brand where is called only them being unique, the strategy which is specific discovers was.

도시경쟁력 관점에서의 통합시 유형화에 관한 연구

최유진 ( Eu Gene Choi ),홍준현 ( Jun Hyun Hong ) 중앙대학교 국가정책연구소 2007 국가정책연구 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구에서는 도시경쟁력의 관점에서 통합시의 유형화를 시도하여 정책적 함의를 이끌어내고자 하였다. 이를 위해 도시경쟁력이 학문적으로 어떻게 정의되고 있는가를 선행연구를 통해 검토하였으며, 조작적 정의를 통하여 측정 가능한 변수를 추출하여 요인분석과 군집분석을 통해 통합시를 유형화하였다. 그 결과, 통합시는 총 다섯 개의 군집으로 유형화되었다. 군집 I의 경우 "농업 생산에 있어서 도시경쟁력이 탁월한 시"들로 규정할 수 있다. 또한 농업이 외부로 확장할 수 있는 외연능력 역시 탁월한 것으로 판단되었다. 군집 II는 "농업 생산에 있어서 도시경쟁력이 비교적 우월한 시"들로 규정할 수 있다. 하지만 군집 I과의 농업경쟁에서 도태될 우려가 있는 시들로 판단되었다. 군집 III에 속한 시들은 "산업경쟁력은 떨어지나 산업을 견인하는 외연능력은 비교적 우수한 시"들로 규정할 수 있다. 군집 IV에 속한 시들은 "2차 산업에 탁월하며 비교적 3차 산업의 생산능력을 갖추고 있는 시"들로 규정할 수 있다. 군집 V에 속한 시들은 "3차 산업이 탁월하게 발달하였으며, 외연능력 또한 매우 우수한 시"들로 규정할 수 있다. The main purpose of this study is to classify the consolidated cities in terms of city competitiveness and to derive policy implications from the classification. To achieve the purpose of this study, it identifies variables determining city competitiveness through reviewing previous literatures. And then, using these variables the consolidated cities are classified through factor analysis and cluster analysis. As a result, the consolidated cities are classified into five groups. The analysis finds that as for Cluster I, the cities have strong competitiveness in agricultural production. Cities in the Cluster II also show relatively good competitive edge in agricultural production. As for Cluster III, the cities have weak industrial competitiveness, but acquire relatively good extensive capability driving the industries. Cities in the Cluster IV have outstanding competitiveness in the secondary industry with moderate production capability for the service industry. Lastly, cities in the Cluster V have excellent extensive capability with highly-developed service industry.

의치세정제 Polident의 세정효과에 관한 실험적 연구

최유진 ( Eu Gene Choi ),박용덕 ( Yong Duk Park ),김상은 ( Sang Eun Kim ),김민영 ( Min Young Kim ),이석종 ( Suk Jong Lee ),이현경 ( Hyun Kyung Lee ) 경희대학교 경희의료원 2005 慶熙醫學 Vol.21 No.1