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이순형(Soon Hyung Yi),이기춘(Kee Choon Lee),이기영(Ki Young Lee),이은영(Eun Young Lee),김대년(Dae Nyun Kim),박영숙(Young Sook Park),최연실(Youn Shil Choi) 한국아동학회 1999 兒童學會誌 Vol.20 No.4
Ideological characteristics and child rearing practices of North Korean society were studied with in-depth interviews of twelve adults who had escaped from North Korea since 1990 and with a questionnaire consisting of 17 items completed by 158 subjects who had also escaped from North Korea. There are 3 ideological characteristics of North Korea : Monotheism, collectivism, and patriarchalism. Collectivism resulted in collective behavior styles; monotheism made the hero worship of the Kim Il Sung lineage possible, and patriarchalism contributed to boy-preference and to differentiated sex-role expectations for their children. In practice, parents emphasize honesty and loyalty to the Communist Party, and they use praise as verbal reinforcement. Parents also emphasize obedience and control rather than democratic participation.