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고교학점제 과목선택권 확보를 위한 일반고 교육과정과 온라인 공동교육과정 운영 사례 분석 -강원도 소규모 일반고 사례를 중심으로-
조인자,이재진 대구교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2023 초등교육연구논총 Vol.39 No.1
Ahead of the high school credit system, which will be fully implemented in 2025, high schools began operating credit-type curriculums that open and operate various subjects according to the student's career path, focusing on research and leading schools in 2018. The need to guarantee and expand students' right to s subjects according to the demand for a career-tailored high school system is emphasized, but concerns are also raised over the educational gap due to differences in regional and school infrastructure. This study analyzed the cases of curriculum organization and implementation of small general high schools in Gangwon-do, which are difficult to organize and implement based on students' demand due to teacher supply and demand, and sought alternative measures to secure students' subject selection right. According to the study, the number of subjects opened and participated increased significantly as a result of the efforts of each city and provincial education office to establish a foundation for the introduction of the high school credit system. In addition, the online joint curriculum has expanded rapidly, and students have a high demand for career-related subjects in the online joint curriculum, so it can be evaluated that the facility foundation for online joint curriculum implementation is being effectively established. 2025년 전면 실시되는 고교학점제를 앞두고 고등학교에서는 2018년부터 연구·선도학교를 중심으로 학생의 진로에 따라 다양한 교과를 개설 운영하는 학점제형 교육과정을 운영하기 시작했다. 진로맞춤형 고교체제로의 변화 요구에 따라 학생의 과목선택권을 보장하고 확대해야 할 필요성이 강조되고 있으나, 지역 및 학교의 인프라 차이로 인한 교육 격차 발생의 우려도 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 교사 수급 등으로 인해 학생의 과목 개설 요구에 기반한 교육과정 편성·운영에 어려움을 겪고 있는 강원도 소규모 일반고의 교육과정 편성 사례를 분석하고, 이를 극복하기 위한 온라인 공동교육과정 운영 현황을 살펴봄으로써 학생들의 수요를 기반으로 한 과목선택권 확보를 위한 대안적 방안을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 강원도 농산어촌의 소규모 일반고는 학급당 학생 수가 적고 교과별 전공 교사가 배치되지 않아 학생 선택 과목의 개설에 어려움을 겪고 있음에도 불구하고 고교학점제 도입을 위한 각 시·도교육청의 기반 구축 노력의 결과로 과목 개설 수와 참여 학생 수가 크게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 온라인 공동 교육과정이 급격하게 확대되었으며, 온라인 공동교육과정에 대한 학생들은 진로 관련 과목 개설 요구가 크다는 점을 확인할 수 있었으며, 온라인 공동교육과정 운영을 위한 시설 기반은 효과적으로 구축되고 있다고 평가해볼 수 있었다.
Bile duct ligation of C57BL/6 mice as a model of hepatic encephalopathy
조인자,구본녀,감은희,이수경,오한슬,김소연 대한마취통증의학회 2020 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.15 No.1
Background: Bile duct ligation (BDL) has been used for experimental research on hepatic encephalopathy (HE) caused by chronic liver disease. However, little research has been done on a BDL model in C57BL/6 mouse. Therefore, we evaluated the suitability of a BDL model in C57BL/6 mouse for the study of HE and determined which behavioral tests are appropriate for the identification of HE in this model. Methods: Twelve to fourteen-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either sham group or BDL group. Histological changes in liver were confirmed by hematoxylin/ eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Liver function alterations were detected by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ammonia levels. To identify behavioral changes, open field, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tests were performed. Results: Inflammatory liver injury and fibrosis were observed 14 days after BDL. ALT and ammonia levels were significantly higher in BDL group than in sham group. There were no differences in general locomotor activity or anxiety between the groups. No difference was observed between these two groups in the novel object recognition test, but BDL group showed significant learning/memory impairment in the passive avoidance test compared to sham group. Conclusions: Fourteen days of BDL in 12–14-week-old male C57BL/6 mice is a clinically relevant model for HE, as these mice have liver fibrosis with impaired liver function, hyperammonemia, and learning/memory impairment. Passive avoidance can be used as the major behavioral test in this model of HE.
Anti-obesity Effect of Carbon Dioxide Supercritical Fluid Extracts of Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer
우현철,신복규,조인자,김미향,한재홍 한국응용생명화학회 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.5
The root of Korean ginseng, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, has been known worldwide as a panacea for many centuries. Contradictory weight gain and loss effects in Korean ginseng led to the adoption of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction to assure the quality of food-grade anti-obesity ginseng products. Among different extraction conditions of CO2 pressure (200 and 300 bars) and temperature (40, 50, and 60oC), the highest extraction yield of 0.66% was obtained with 300 bars at 40oC. To test anti-obesity effect, each supercritical fluid extract (SFE) was supplemented to the high-fat diet of male obese-prone C57BL/6J strain mice. All carbon dioxide SFEs of ginseng showed significant weight-loss effects in the tested mice. The average weights of normal and high fat diet mice were 28.7±2.0 and 35.0±1.6 g, respectively, after 10 weeks. Average weights of mice on SFE-supplemented high fat diets were between 24.5±1.4 and 25.9±1.3 g. SFEs obtained at 50oC, and at both 200 and 300 bars, showed the most profound anti-obesity effect. Both SFEs showed ~15and ~30% weight loss for the normal and high-fat diet mice, respectively. The major component of the SFE was analyzed as polyacetylene compounds, and panaxydol and panaxynol were identified as major polyacetylene compounds. However, the anti-obesity effect of the ginseng SFEs was not correlated with contents of these two polyacetylene compounds in SFEs. No side-effects of ginseng SFEs were observed, and the anti-obesity effect was reversible.