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황사기간 중 PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, TSP 농도 특성에 관한 연구
김민영,김광래,이민환,조석주,Kim, Min-Young,Kim, Kwang-Rae,Lee, Min-Hwan,Cho, Seog-Ju 한국지구과학회 2003 한국지구과학회지 Vol.24 No.4
서울시에서 설치하여 운영중인 대기질 측정소의 입자상물질을 대표하는 PM$_{2.5}$, PM$_{10}$, TSP와 황사기간 중 고용량고기포집기로 채취한 먼지성분을 분석, 평가하였다. 1990년도부터 2002년 11월까지 서울에서 관측된 황사일수는 2000년 이후 발생빈도가 증가하였으며 황사지속시간도 길어지는 경향을 보였다. PM$_{10}$/TSP 비율은 황사시 2000년, 2001년도에 각각 52.9%, 59.4%로 비황사시에 비해 PM$_{10}$의 비율이 약 10% 정도 낮은 것으로 미루어 황사시 10 ${\mu}$m이상의 입경이 큰 입자 영향이 컸던 반면에 2002년 황사시에는 PM$_{10}$의 영향이 오히려 크게 나타나 PM$_{10}$이 TSP 중의 71.4%에 달하였다. 황사가 전체 먼지농도에 미치는 기여율은 2002년도에 PM$_{2.5}$ 11.9%, PM$_{10}$ 23.1%, TSP 19%로 가장 높은 기여도를 보여 황사가 전체 면지농도에 미치는 영향이 매우 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. The characteristics of particles were evaluated through the measurement data of PM$_{2.5}$, PM$_{10}$ and TSP instruments located in air quality monitoring stations installed and operated by Seoul Metropolitan city. The data of particulate mass on the filter was collected bv a high volume air sampler during the sand storm period. The number of days of sand storm in Seoul showed a different pattern from 1990 to November 2002, We can see a trend of increased occurrence and duration of sand storms. The ratio of PM$_{10}$ to TSP was shown as 52.9% and 59.4% during the sand storm period in 2000 and 2001. respectively. It was indicated that the particles larger than 10${\mu}$m increased by approximately 10% in sand storm periods compared to no sand storm period. While PM$_{10}$ size fraction reached 71.4% in 2002, the contribution of sand storm to total particulate concentration was estimated to be 11.9% for PM$_{2.5}$, 23.1% for PM$_{10}$, 19% for TSP in 2002, respectively and sand storms highly correlated with annual total particulate concentration.
박훤겸,정파종,남영수,백홍규,이홍기,이흥우,조석주,김상우,이광수,Hwon Kyum Park,M,D,Pa Jong Jung,M,D,Young Soo Nam,M,D,Hong Kyu Baik,M,D,Hong Gee Lee,M,D,Heung Woo Lee,M,D,Seog Ju Cho,M,D,Sang Woo Kim,M,D,and Kwang Soo Lee,M,D 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2003 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.3 No.2
Purpose: The laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) has become the preferred procedure for adrenal tumors due to many advantages; a more rapid and comfortable recovery, shortened hospitalization period, and fewer complications. This study reports on an initial 4 year period of experience with LA and describes various unusual findings encountered during the treatment. Methods: From February 1997 to November 2000, a total of 20 LA were performed. Of the several LA techniques previously described we prefer the transabdominal approach in the lateral decubitus position utilizing 3 or 4 trocars, and this method was employed in all the cases presented here. Results: All 20 patients had a unilateral tumor. The pathological findings consisted of 11 aldosteronomas, 6 Cushing adenomas, 2 pheochromocytomas and 1 cortical carcinoma. Of the 20 patients, 18 were successfully operated with the laparoscopic procedure and the remaining 2 cases were converted to open adrenalectomy. The reasons for conversion were sudden cardiac arrest of unknown origin in one and intraoperative bleeding due to periadrenal massive fat in the other. During LA, 2 patients with non-catecholamine- secreting cortical adenomas pathologies displayed abnormal EKG findings, which reverted to normal after the operation. The average complete LA operation times was 186 minutes in the first 9 cases and 132 minutes in the next 9 cases. The first oral intake was started within 24 hours in all cases. There were no postoperative complications, operative morbidity or mortality. The average hospital stay was 6.2 days in the first 9 cases and 4.2 days in the next 9 cases. Conclusion: LA is a relatively fast and safe method and has become is accepted as the preferred procedure for adrenal tumors but it requires good perioperative preparation. Surgeons and anesthesiologists need to be aware of the possible cardiovascular complications and of the problems inherent in the manipulation of the adrenal gland during LA. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2003;3:161-165)
배경석(Kyung-Seok Bae),윤종철(Jong-Cheol Yoon),이순희(Soon-Hee Lee),조석주(Seog-ju Cho) 대한환경위생공학회 2004 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.19 No.3
Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in the water system of Anyang Stream was analyzed from August, 2002 to April, 2003. Species number of benthic macroinvertebrates was 78 species, 33 families, 11 orders, 5 classes in 3 phyla. They were collected 49 species at 1st survey, 51 species at 2nd survey and 53 species at 3rd survey, respectively. Species numbers at each tributary were 43 species at the Wanggok Stream, 44 species at the Mokgam Stream, 33 species at the Ohjeon Stream and 26 species at the Hakeu Stream, while it was only 9 species at the Dangjeong Stream. Species number of the main course of Anyang Stream was 24 species. Dominant species of benthic macroinvertebrates at the Wanggok, Ohjeon and Hakeu Stream were Baetis fuscatus, Alainites muticus, Physa acuta and chironominae sp.. They were mainly intermediate and tolerant species. Dominant species and subdominant species of the Dangjeong Stream were Limnodrilus socialis, Psychoda KUa and Telmatoscopus KUa as indicator species for severe sewage pollution. Dominant species at Geumjeong-dong and Kia bridge in the main course of Anyang Stream were Physa acuta, Limnodrilus gotoi, Chironominae sp., Species diversity indices at the Mokgam Stream were high(3.53 ~ 4.28 range) and those of the Hakeu, Wanggok and Ohjeon Stream were somewhat high(2.00 ~ 3.13 and 2.34 ~ 3.10 range). But, species diversity indices in the Dangjeon Stream were low(1.36 ~ 1.70 range) too. and those of the main course of Anyang Stream were low(0.86 ~ 1.79 range) too. Species richness indices in the Wanggok and Mokgam Stream were very high(3.55 ~ 4.02 and 2.96 ~ 5.31 range) and those of Geumjeong-dong and Kia bridge in the main course of Anyang Stream were low(0.89 ~ 1.98 range). Stream bed and riparian bank of middle reach in the Wanggok Stream were good condition and water was clean. The Mokgam Stream had various microhabitats, good water weed area, heterogeneous substrates and etc.. And, stream bed in the Hakeu Stream was in good condition. So, above streams should be continuously in good ecological condition and useful area for citizens.
디누더(Denuder)장착 여부에 따른 초미세먼지(PM<sub>2.5</sub>) 중 암모늄 과대 평가와 이온 밸런스에 관한 연구
엄정훈 ( Jung-Hoon Uhm ),박세영 ( Se-young Park ),권승미 ( Seung-Mi Kwon ),신진호 ( Jin-ho Shin ),조석주 ( Seog-Ju Cho ),김현욱 ( Hyunook Kim ) 한국환경분석학회 2021 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.24 No.2
Whencollectingairsamplesforanalyzingtheioniccomponentsoffinedust,a(+)errormayoccurbecausegaseousprecursorsreactwitheachotheronthefiltersurfacetoformparticles.ToremoveNO<sub>2</sub>,SO<sub>2</sub>,HNO<sub>3</sub>,HNO<sub>2</sub>,andNH<sub>3</sub>,whichmaycausetheseerrors,adenudermustbeinstalledinfrontofthesamplingport.However,withtheextensiveuseofsequentialsamplersthatautomaticallyreplacesfiltersonceevery24h,theuseofdenudersisdecreasing.Inthisstudy,theeffectofdenuderinstallationwasanalyzedbyoperatingasamplersimultaneouslywithandwithoutadenuderon279samplescollectedfromGwangjin,Seoul.ItwasconfirmedthattheNH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>concentrationofthesamplerequippedwithadenuderwas13.4%~26.9%lessthanthatofthesamplerwithoutthedenuderwhenthefineparticleconcentrationwaslessthan30μg/㎥.Further,lessnitrateandsulfateweredetectedwhenthedenuderwasinstalled.However,theirlevelswerenotaslowasthatofNH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>.Thisislikelybecausenitrateandsulfatearecollectedinaformboundtowatersolubleorganiccarbonparticlesandthenelutedtoaddanionstolowertheionbalance.Inaddition,whenthedenuderwasnotinstalled,theionbalancevaluewashigherthanthatwiththedenuderinstalled,whichwasattributedtothepartialneutralizationofnegativeionsbygaseousammonia.Therefore,todeterminewhetheranerroroccursduringtheexperiment,theionbalanceshouldbecarefullymaintained.
수용체 모델(PMF)를 이용한 서울시 대기 중 VOCs의 배출원에 따른 위해성평가
권승미(Seung-Mi Kwon),최유리(Yu-Ri Choi),박명규(Myoung-Kyu Park),이호준(Ho-Joon Lee),김광래(Gwang-Rae Kim),유승성(Seung-Sung Yoo),조석주(Seog-Ju Cho),신진호(Jin-Ho Shin),신용승(Yong-Seung Shin),이철민(Cheolmin Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2021 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.47 No.5
Background: With volatile organic compounds (VOCs) containing aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene that can adversely affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems when a certain concentration is reached, it is important to accurately evaluate the source and the corresponding health risk effects. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide scientific evidence for the city of Seoul’s VOC reduction measures by confirming the risk of each VOC emission source. Methods: In 2020, 56 VOCs were measured and analyzed at one-hour intervals using an online flame ionization detector system (GC-FID) at two measuring stations in Seoul (Gangseo: GS, Bukhansan: BHS). The dominant emission source was identified using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, and health risk assessment was performed on the main components of VOCs related to the emission source. Results: Gasoline vapor and vehicle combustion gas are the main sources of emissions in GS, a residential area in the city center, and the main sources are solvent usage and aged VOCs in BHS, a greenbelt area. The risk index ranged from 0.01 to 0.02, which is lower than the standard of 1 for both GS and BHS, and was an acceptable level of 5.71×10-7 to 2.58×10-6 for carcinogenic risk. Conclusions: In order to reduce the level of carcinogenic risk to an acceptable safe level, it is necessary to improve and reduce the emission sources of vehicle combustion and solvent usage, and eco-car policies are judged to contribute to the reduction of combustion gas as well as providing a response to climate change.