난치성 소화성 궤양

임현 대한상부위장관ㆍ헬리코박터학회 2019 Korean Journal of Helicobacter Upper Gastrointesti Vol.19 No.1

The eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the widespread use of effective antisecretory therapies, including proton pump inhibitors, have improved the management of peptic ulcer disease. However, in some patients, peptic ulcer disease is refractory to 8 to 12 weeks of standard antisecretory drug treatment. For refractory peptic ulcer disease, further evaluation of the risk factors and causes of refractory peptic ulcer disease, including patient risk factors and noncompliance (smoking, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and noncompliance with medical treatment), persistent H. pylori infection, and non-H. pylori-related factors (giant ulcer, gastrinoma, infections other than H. pylori, and malignancy), is essential. The treatment should focus on the cause of the refractory peptic ulcer disease, avoiding smoking and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the treatment of persistent H. pylori, use of high-dose proton pump inhibitors, or surgical excision of gastrinomas. Surgery should be considered in patients who are at high risk for complications and recurrent peptic ulcer disease despite medical treatment. In this review, I describe the diagnosis and treatment of refractory peptic ulcer disease. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2019;19:5-9)

New Anti-inflammatory Synthetic Biflavonoid with C-C (6-6'') Linkage: Differential Effects on Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

임현,Soo Bae Kim,Haeil Park,장현욱,Hyun Pyo Kim 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.11

Previously, a synthetic biflavone having a C-C (6-6'') linkage ([6,6'']biflavone, BF6-6) was shown to possess considerable anti-inflammatory activity. The present investigation was conducted to develop more active anti-inflammatory biflavonoids having unique mechanisms of action based on the BF6-6 molecule. For this purpose, 5,7-dihydroxy[6,6'']biflavone (G168) was synthesized using Suzuki-Miyaura C-C cross coupling reaction. The anti-inflammatory activities of G168 were then examined on lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells, carrageenaninduced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. It was found that G168 showed much stronger inhibition against cyclooxygenase-2-mediated PGE2 production than the original molecule, BF6-6. It also demonstrated inhibitory activity against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated NO production at least partly by the down-regulation of iNOS. Furthermore, G168, administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 1-5 mg/kg, showed a potent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced paw edema and analgesic activity on acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Therefore, the newly synthesized biflavonoid, G168, may be used as a synthetic lead for new anti-inflammatory drug development.

(-)-Nyasol (cis-hinokiresinol), a Norneolignan from the Rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, is a Broad Spectrum Inhibitor of Eicosanoid and Nitric Oxide Production

임현,남주원,서은경,Yeong Shik Kim,김현표 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.11

To assess the anti-inflammatory activity of constituents from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, (-)-nyasol {cis-hinokiresinol, 4,4-[1Z,3R]-3-ethenyl-1-propene-1,3-diyl]bisphenol} was isolated and its anti-inflammatory activity was examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells and A23187-treated RBL-1 cells. In vivo activity was measured using carrageenan-induced paw edema assay. At > 1 μM, (-)-nyasol significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated PGE2 production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated NO production in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage-like cell line, but did not affect the expression levels of COX-2 and iNOS. (-)-Nyasol also inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)-mediated leukotriene production in A23187-treated RBL-1 cells. Furthermore, (-)-nyasol potently inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice (28.6-77.1% inhibition at 24-120 mg/kg). Therefore, (-)-nyasol is a potential new lead compound and may contribute to the anti-inflammatory action of A. asphodeloides, possibly by inhibiting COX-2, iNOS and 5-LOX.

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in IL-1btreated articular chondrocytes by a steroidal saponin, spicatoside A, and its cellular mechanisms of action

임현,손건호,민동숙,강유나,김형원,김현표 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.6

Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) plays acritical role in degrading major collagens in human cartilageunder some pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis. To establish the therapeutic potential againstcartilage degradation, the effects of 12 naturally-occurringtriterpenoids and steroids on MMP-13 induction were examinedin the human chondrocyte cell line, SW1353. Theyincluded coreanoside F1, suavissimoside R1, spicatoside A,25(S)-ruscogenin, methyl protogracillin, hederagenin,loniceroside A, loniceroside B, loniceroside C, smilaxin A,smilaxin C, and ursolic acid. Among these, only spicatosideA and 25(S)-ruscogenin were found to inhibit MMP-13expression in IL-1b-treated SW1353 cells at a pharmacologically-relevant concentration of 10 lM. These effectswere also supported by the finding that spicatoside A(20 lM) reduced glycosaminoglycan release from IL-1atreatedrabbit joint cartilage culture to some degree. Whenthe cellular mechanisms of action of spicatoside A in MMP-13 inhibition were investigated, the blocking point was notfound among the MMP-13 signaling molecules examinedsuch as mitogen-activated protein kinases, activator protein-1, and nuclear transcription factor-jB. Instead, spicatosideA was found to reduce MMP-13 mRNA stability. All of these findings suggest that spicatoside A and 25(S)-ruscogenin have a therapeutic potential for protectingagainst cartilage breakdown in arthritic disorders.

Inhibition of Contact Dermatitis in Animal Models and Suppression of Proinflammatory Gene Expression by Topically Applied Flavonoid, Wogonin

임현,Haeil Park,김현표 대한약학회 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.4

Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) is a down-regulator of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, contributing to anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. For further characterization of modulatory activity on proinflammatory gene expression in vivo, the effect of wogonin was examined in this experiment using animal models of skin inflammation. By topical application, wogonin inhibited an edematic response as well as proinflammatory gene expression against contact dermatitis in mice. Wogonin inhibited ear edema (19.4- 22.6%) at doses of 50-200 mg/ear and down-regulated interleukin-1b induction (23.1%) at 200 mg/ear in phenol-induced simple irritation. Wogonin (2´50-2´200 mg/ear) also inhibited edematic response (51.2-43.9%) and down-regulated proinflammatory gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1b, interferon-g, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase with some different sensitivity against picryl chloride-induced delayed hypersensitivity reaction. All these results clearly demonstrate that wogonin is a down-regulator of proinflammatory gene expression in animal models of skin inflammation. Therefore, wogonin may have potential for a new anti-inflammatory agent against skin inflammation.

중앙정부와 지방자치단체 간 협력제도의 법적 과제

임현 한국지방자치법학회 2020 지방자치법연구(地方自治法硏究) Vol.20 No.4

Ensuring the participation and cooperation of local governments in central legislative and policy processes affecting local autonomy is an essential prerequisite for the efficiency of state administration, integration of the state as a whole, and the practical implementation of the local autonomy system. However, the relationship between the state and local governments has been institutionalized mainly as a matter of involvement and supervision of the state's local governments, and the number of cases of conflict between the central government and local governments continues to increase. Based on this awareness of the problem, this paper examines the current status of the central and local cooperation system and related legislative discussions, and presents future directions and tasks. As for the current cooperation system, the committee system of the central government, the national consultative council system of local government heads, etc., general opinion submission procedures, consultation procedures under individual laws, and dispute resolution systems were examined. In addition, for the discussion of related legislation, the contents of the 2018 Presidential bill for constitutional amendment, all amendments to the Local Autonomy Act currently submitted to the National Assembly, and the bill on the composition and operation of the Central Local Cooperation Council were reviewed. In establishing a central and local cooperation system, it is necessary to review the problems and limitations of the current system to compensate for the gap and prevent duplication, and a new cooperation system must be prepared in consideration of these points. In addition, it would be desirable for the system to be designed to enable local participation and cooperation in the entire process of legislation and policies on local autonomy. In addition, it is necessary to consider the subject of the cooperation system as important, and it is necessary to make the composition suitable for the purpose of the individual system, but it is important that the participation and cooperation of the basic local governments are sufficiently guaranteed. In particular, it is necessary not to overlook the will and authority of the basic local government in relation to the regional local government. 지방자치에 영향을 미치는 중앙의 입법과 정책과정에 지방자치단체의 참여와 협력을 보장하는 것은 국정운영의 효율성과 국가 전체의 통합 및 지방자치제의 실질적 구현을 위한 필수적 전제이다. 그러나 국가와 지방자치단체 간의 관계는 주로 국가의 지방자치단체에 대한 관여・감독의 문제로서 제도화되었고, 중앙정부와 지방자치단체 간 갈등사례도 계속해서 증가하는 추세이다. 이러한 문제의식에 기반하여 이 논문에서는 중앙과 지방의 협력제도의 현황과 관련 입법 논의를 살펴보고 앞으로의 방향성과 과제를 제시해보았다. 현행 협력제도로는 중앙정부의 위원회 제도, 지방자치단체장 등의 전국적 협의체제도, 일반적인 의견제출절차, 개별법상의 협의절차, 분쟁해결제도에 대해 살펴보았다. 또한 관련 입법 논의로는 2018년 대통령 개헌안과 지방자치법 전부개정법률 및 현재 국회에서 심의 중인 중앙지방협력회의의 구성 및 운영에 관한 법률안의 내용을 검토하였다. 중앙과 지방의 협력제도를 구축해감에 있어서는 현행 제도의 문제점과 한계를 검토하여 그 공백을 보완하고 중복을 방지하는 것이 필요하며, 새로운 협력제도도 이러한 점을 고려하여 마련되는 것이 필요하다. 또한 지방자치제에 관한 입법과 정책의 전 과정에 있어 지방의 참여와 협력이 가능하도록 제도가 설계되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 더불어 협력제도의 주체가 중요하게 고려되는 것이 필요한데, 개별 제도의 취지에 적합하게 그 구성이 이루어지는 것이 필요할 것이나, 기초지방자치단체의 참여와 협력이 충분히 보장되는 것이 중요하다. 특히 광역지방자치단체와의 관계에서 기초지방자치단체의 의사와 권한이 간과되지 않는 것이 필요하다.

[보고] 한국행정법학회 제54회 학술대회 성과 보고

임현 한국행정법학회 2023 행정법학 Vol.24 No.1

조세법상 신의성실의 원칙

임현 한국토지공법학회 2002 土地公法硏究 Vol.16 No.2

한국의 과학기술예측조사 방법론

임현,박병원 과학기술정책연구원 2012 Future Horizon Vol.- No.12

양성 식도 협착

임현 대한상부위장관ㆍ헬리코박터학회 2022 Korean Journal of Helicobacter Upper Gastrointesti Vol.22 No.3

Benign esophageal strictures, characterized by fibrotic narrowing of the esophageal lumen, are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Benign esophageal strictures are associated with a multifactorial etiology and may occur across various age and population groups. Common causes of benign esophageal strictures include gastroesophageal reflux disease (peptic stricture), esophageal injury secondary to surgery (anastomotic strictures), radiotherapy, caustic agent ingestion, or endoscopic resection. Benign esophageal strictures are categorized into simple and complex types based on their size, area involved, surface features, extent of luminal narrowing, and margins. Esophageal strictures often present clinically with dysphagia and may lead to severe complications. Regardless of the underlying cause, therapy is aimed at relief of dysphagia and prevention of stricture recurrence. Benign esophageal strictures are commonly treated using endoscopic balloon or bougie dilation, followed by disease-specific approaches to treat underlying inflammation. However, based on the underlying cause, the risk of recurrence of benign esophageal strictures is 10~30%. Therapeutic options for refractory or recurrent esophageal strictures include endoscopic incisional therapy, esophageal stent placement, or intralesional injection of steroids or mitomycin C. The pathophysiology of esophageal strictures is complicated, and thorough understanding and patient cooperation are important for optimal management. Physicians should familiarize themselves with the various dilation strategies available and their application for management of specific types of stenotic lesions. In this article, we review the evaluation and management of patients with esophageal strictures.