종교적, 실존적 영성이 죽음 불안에 미치는 영향 및 성별의 조절 효과

이흥표(Heung Pyo Lee) 대한스트레스학회 2018 스트레스硏究 Vol.26 No.2

가장 나쁜 스트레스는 죽음이며 가장 큰 불안은 죽음/소멸에의 불안이다. 본 연구에서는 424명의 성인을 대상으로 종교적, 실존적 영성이 죽음 불안에 미치는 영향력 및 성별의 조절효과를 알아보았다. 첫째 죽음 불안 총점에 대해서는 종교적, 실존적 영성의 효과가 유의하지 않았다. 그러나 하위 요인 별로는 차이를 보였는데 종교적 영성이 높을수록 일찍 죽는 것에 대한 두려움이 낮았다. 또한 실존적 영성이 높을수록 죽어가는 과정에 대한 두려움이 낮았고 중요한 타인 상실의 두려움이 높았다. 둘째 여성이 남성보다 죽음 불안이 높았고 동거자가 없는 미혼 여성은 남성 및 동거자가 있는 여성보다 죽음 불안이 높았다. 셋째 죽어가는 과정 및 중요한 타인 상실의 두려움에 대해서는 실존적 영성 및 성별의 주효과가 유의하였고 영성과 성별의 상호작용은 유의하지 않았다. 일찍 죽는 것에 대한 두려움에 대해서는 종교적 영성의 주효과가 유의하였으며 실존적 영성과 성별의 상호작용 효과가 있었다. 실존 영성이 낮은 집단에서는 남녀 차이가 없었으나 높은 집단에서는 여성에 비해 남성의 두려움이 낮았다. Background: Purpose of this study was to investigate effect of religious & existential spirituality on death anxiety and difference of death anxiety according to sex and presence of spouse. Also we studied the moderating effect of sex in the process of religious & existential l spirituality affecting death anxiety. Methods: A total of 424 subjects were enrolled and the mean age was 38.14 years (SD=11.69). Results: First, Effect of religious & existential l spirituality on total score of death anxiety was not significant. But, there was differences in sub death anxiety. The higher religious spirituality, the lower fear of dying early and the higher existential spirituality, the lower fear of dying process and the higher fear of loss of important persons. Second, death anxiety of woman higher than man. Furtherrmore, death anxiety of woman with spouse higher then woman without spouse and man. Third, main effect of & existential spirituality and sex on fear of dying process and loss of important person was significant, Interaction effect of spirituality and sex was not significant. Also, main effect of & religious spirituality on fear of dying early was not significant and interaction effect of existential spirituality and sex was significant. There was no gender difference in the low existential spiritual group, but death anxiety of man was lower than woman in the high group. Conclusions: It is necessary to distinguish multiple aspects of death anxiety, to search and verify effects of spirituality on various death anxiety.

인천 화재사건 청소년 생존자를 대상으로 한 PTSD 하위유형간 증상, 기능 및 기질성격 특성 비교연구

황서현,이홍석,이상규,이흥표,전철은,이소영,김용구,Hwang, Seo Hyun,Lee, Hong Seock,Lee, Sang Kyu,Lee, Heung Pyo,Jeon, Chul Eun,Lee, So Young,Lee, Yong Ku 대한불안의학회 2011 대한불안의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-related symptom severity, level of functional impairment and personality profiles between full-blown PTSD, partial PTSD and non-PTSD groups among 59 adolescent survivals from the Incheon fire disaster. Method : Using Short Screening Scale for DSM-IV PTSD, victims of the disaster were assigned to a full-blown PTSD group (n=18), a partial PTSD (n=22), or a non-PTSD group (n=19). Assessments included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Impact of Event Scales (IES), the McBride's Degree of General Labor Loss, and the Korean Version of Temperament and Character Inventory (K-TCI). Results : Significantly severe PTSD symptoms (F=4.832, df=2, p<.05) and functional impairment (F=12.144, df=2, p<.01) were demonstrated by PTSD groups as compared to the non-PTSD group. Interestingly, full and partial PTSD did not differ in these comparisons. Similarly, the subtypes of PTSD did not differ with respect to personality profiles using the K-TCI ; however, personality profiles were sharply differentiated between the PTSD and non-PTSD group. Conclusion : Although high subject homogeneity and small sample size may limit the results of this study, the present results highlight the possibility of the underestimation as well as the insufficient, treatment and compensation of partial vs full PTSD.

게슈탈트 집단미술치료가 코로나19 팬데믹 기간에 콜센터 상담원의 스트레스와 삶의 의미에 미치는 영향

Lee, Diane Youngmi,이흥표(Lee, Heung-Pyo) 한국예술심리치료학회 2021 예술심리치료연구 Vol.17 No.4

코로나19 팬데믹으로 콜센터 상담원들은 열악한 근무환경에 놓이게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 게슈탈트 집단미술치료가 코로나19로 달라진 업무환경에서 오는 상담원의 스트레스를 경감시키고 삶의 의미를 찾는데 도움이 될 수 있는지 알아보았다. 연구대상은 서울시에 소재한 콜센터에서 근무하는 상담원이며, 실험집단(9명)에게는 12주간 게슈탈트 집단미술프로그램을 실시하였으며, 통제집단(9명)에게는 일상적인 업무를 보게 하였다. 모든 참여자에게 근로자 스트레스 반응척도와 빗속의 사람(Lack 방식 채점) 스트레스 검사 그리고 삶의 의미 척도를 사전과 사후로 나누어 측정하였다. 실험집단과 통제집단 간에 사전 동질성 검증은 Mann-Whitney U-검정으로 하였으며, 집단내 사전-사후 결과 비교는 Wilcoxon signed-rank 검정으로, 검사척도들 사이에 상관관계는 Pearson correlation 분석으로 하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 실험집단에서 미술치료 후에 스트레스 반응척도와 빗속의 사람 검사의 스트레스 지수가 감소하였으며, 삶의 의미 지수는 상승하였다. 스트레스 반응 지수는 빗속의 사람 검사의 지수와 정적 상관관계를, 삶의 의미 발견 지수와 부적 상간관계를 보였다. 이러한 연구결과는 게슈탈트 집단미술치료가 콜센터 상담원들에게서 코로나19 팬데믹 시기에 증가한 스트레스를 완화시키고, 삶의 의미에 대한 긍정적 사고를 함양시켜주는 효과가 있음을 시사한다. Telemarketing counselors have worked under a stressful environment due to COVID-19 outbreak. We here examined the effects of Gestalt group art therapy on job stress and meaning-in-life in telemarketing counselors who should keep working in tight quarantine. Subjects were the counselors working at a telemarketing service center in Seoul. Volunteers (9 persons) at the experimental group were subjected to Gestalt group art therapy for 12 weeks, whereas those (9) at the control group were not. Before and after art therapy, all subjects were tested with Workers’ Stress Response Inventory (WSRI), Meaning-In-Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and Person In The Rain (PITR, Lack’s scoring). The homogeneity between two groups were assessed by analyzing pre-test results with Mann-Whitney U-test, and the intra-group changes between pre-test and post-test results were evaluated using Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test. To assess the correlations among the tests examined, Pearson correlation analysis was performed. The results are as follows. In the experimental group, the stress response index and the Lack’s stress score both were reduced significantly and also the index for meaning-in-life was enhanced after art therapy. The score of WSRI positively correlates with that of PITR, but negatively with that of MLQ. These results suggest that Gestalt group art therapy does not only release job stress but also gives rise to the positive alteration of meaning-in-life.

다문화가정 어머니의 양육 스트레스가 양육태도에 미치는 영향 및 우울의 조절효과 분석

임지향 ( Ji Hyang Lim ),이흥표 ( Heung Pyo Lee ) 미래유아교육학회 2010 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.17 No.2

덕후: 자기 지각에 따른 투자 활동과 몰입 수준 차이, 덕후 활동 전후의 정서 변화

김수지(SU-SIE KIM ),이흥표(Heung-Pyo Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1

본 연구에서는 자신을 덕후라고 지각하는 덕후 집단의 덕후 활동 및 몰입 수준이 자신을 덕후로 지각하지 않는 일반 성인집단과 차이가 있는지, 덕후활동 전후에 실제로 정서 변화의 차이가 있는지 알아보고자하였다. 연구 대상은 성인 227명이었고 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자신을 덕후라고 지각하는 덕후 집단은 비덕후 집단에 비해 덕후 활동에 투자하는 비용 및 1일 투자 시간이 많았고 특히 1주 활동 시간 및 지속기간(년수)가 유의하게 길었다. 둘째 자신을 덕후라고 지각하는 정도 및 덕후 활동 수준이 높을수록 몰입도가 높았으며 덕후 집단은 비덕후 집단보다 몰입 수준이 높았다. 셋째, 비덕후 집단에서는 덕후 활동 전후에 따른 긍정 정서 및 부정 정서의 변화가 없었던 반면 덕후 집단에서는 덕후 활동을 하기 전보다 후에 행복감, 즐거움, 평온, 쾌감 등의 긍정 정서가 증가하고 분노, 불안, 슬픔, 수치심, 죄책감 등 부정 정서가 유의하게 감소하였다. 덕후 지각 및 덕후 활동에는 몰입 수준을 증가시키며 부적 정서를 완화하고 긍정 정서를 고양시키는 긍정적 기능이 있는 것으로 시사된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference between the deokhu activities and the flow level of the deokhu group. We also tested whether there are any real differences in emotion before and after the deokhu activities. The study included 227 adults and results were as follows. First, the deokhu group had a high cost of investing and a high rate of one-day investments, particularly for one-week activities and years of duration compare to the non-deokhu group. Second, the higher the degree to which they perceived themselves as deokhu and the level of deokhu activities were higher in flow. and the group of deokhu was more absorbed than the non-deokhu group. Third, there has been no change in positive and negative feelings before and after deokhu activities in the non-deokhu group. For the deokhu group, the positive emotions of happiness, joy, tranquility, pleasure increased and negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, sadness, shame, and guilt were significantly reduced after deokhu activities. The perception of deokhu and deokhu activities have positive functions that increase the level of flow, relieve negative feelings and enhance positive emotions.

종설 : 당뇨병, 우울증, 그리고 환자-의사관계

이홍석 ( Hong Seock Lee ),이중서 ( Joong Seo Lee ),이흥표 ( Heung Pyo Lee ),전철은 ( Chul Eun Jeon ) 대한당뇨병학회 2009 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.33 No.3

Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is treatable, it is still not curable. Its chronicity is associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, especially depression in type 2 DM and learned helplessness in type 1 DM. In turn, this depression and helplessness may affect a patient`s adherence to medical appointments, compliance to treatment, and effective doctor-patient relationships, which are vital to promising outcomes. This study reviews the existing literature regarding the interactional relationships between depression, DM and the doctor/patient relationship, and also suggests certain aspects of the doctor/patient relationship which can contribute to more successful treatment outcomes. (Korean Diabetes J 33:178-182, 2009)

한국 청소년의 인터넷 게임 중독과 음주, 흡연군의 성격, 기질 특성 비교

이상규(Sang-Kyu Lee),이홍석(Hong-Seock Lee),손봉기(Bong-Ki Son),이흥표(Heung-Pyo Lee),권선중(Sun-Joong Kwon,) 한국중독정신의학회 2005 중독정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the personality profiles between internet game addictor and substance abuser in the Korean high school students. Subjects & Methods:Subjects were 482 high school students (male/female=245/237) who resided in Korean urban area. All subjects completed the questionnaire asking the history of alcohol or smoking abuse, Internet Game Addiction Test (IGAT). and Temperament Character Inventory (TCI). IGAT for the Koreans was revised from the Young’s Internet Addiction Test. When subjects checked “yes” in more than 10 items of IGAT, they were labeled as “risk group”, and when less than 10, they were labeled as “non-risk group”. Results: Compared to non-risk group for the internet game addiction, risk group showed statistically significant higher ‘harm avoidance’, lower ‘reward dependence’, higher ‘self-transcendence’, lower ‘self-directedness’ and lower ‘cooperativeness’. Meanwhile, subjects who have abused alcohol or tobacco had higher ‘novelty seeking’ and lower ‘harm avoidance’ than nonusers. Conclulsion:The present results indicate the possibility that pathophysiology of behavior addiction such as internet game, in Korean adolescents, may be different from that of alcohol and smoking abuse

불법도박의 빈도와 도박중독 심각도에 대한 도박 동기의 차이

이홍석(Hong-Seock Lee),이흥표(Heung-Pyo Lee),윤장순(Jang-Soon Yoon),김형태(Hyung-Tae, Kim),전철은(Chul-Eun, Jeon),이상규(Sang-Kyu Lee) 한국중독정신의학회 2009 중독정신의학 Vol.13 No.2

Objectives:This study compared differences in gambler’s motivations according to the type of gambling (illegal vs. legal gam-bling) and the severity of pathological gambling (pathological vs. problematic vs. social gambler). Methods:We sampled 890 adults. They were divided into those gambling in both legal and il-legal gambling places (n=217), those gambling only in legal gambling places (n=119) and those gambling only in illegal gambling places (n=124). Also, their 5 gambling motives (avoidance, amusement, monetary, excitement, and socialization) and severity of gambling behavior were measured. We conducted multiple regression analysis to identify the motives associated with increased frequency of gambling in illegal gambling places and severity of gambling behavior. Results:The results revealed that avoidance, socialization, and monetary motives were contributing factors for increased frequency of gambling in illegal pl-aces, but monetary, avoidance, and amusement were the significant contributing factors for high severity of gambling behaviors.Conclusion:Contributing factors of motives for gambling were different according to frequency of illegal gambling behavior and to severity of gambling.

한국인의 외상 프로파일

김영애(Kim, Young–,Ae),이흥표(Lee, Heung–,Pyo),이홍석(Lee, Hong–,Seock),최윤경(Choi, Yun–,Kyeung) 한국피해자학회 2018 被害者學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

The development-based trauma framework of Kira (2001, 2004, 2010) can assess the cumulative effects of trauma as well as the various trauma and their impacts experienced during the lifetime. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type, frequency and impact of traumatic events experienced by a nationally representative Korean sample applying the development-based trauma framework of Kira (2001, 2004, 2010) and reflecting the sociocultural context of Korea. Participants were 1,130 adults (569 men and 561 women). All participants responded to the Cumulative Trauma Scale-Korean version(CTS-K), Impact of Event Scale-Revised-Korean version(IES-R-K), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) using the internet. The frequency of traumatic events was analyzed by gender and age group. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine whether experiences by trauma types could predict the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As results, there was a difference in the type of trauma experienced frequently by gender and age group. Even after controlling demographic variables, the personal identity, collective identity, achievement and survival trauma, and the type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ trauma were significant predictors of PTSD symptoms, respectively. Finally, the limitations and implications of the current study were discussed.

청소년의 가정환경과 도덕발달단계가 행동장애에 미치는 영향

진태원,이흥표,김사준,조수철 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1997 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.8 No.2