원발급성폐쇄각발작에서 스펙트럼 빛간섭단층촬영을 이용한 황반부 신경절세포-내망상층의 두께변화

이효석,박용석,박상우,Hyo Seok Lee,Yong Seok Park,Sang Woo Park 대한안과학회 2014 대한안과학회지 Vol.55 No.8

Purpose: This study was conducted to measure macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL) thickness in patients with a history of unilateral single attack of acute primary angle closure (APAC) and to compare it with that of unaffected fellow eyes 8 weeks after resolution using spectrum domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Medical records of 24 patients with history of first episode of unilateral APAC were reviewed retrospectively. Eight weeks after APAC, mGC-IPL thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were measured with SD-OCT and analyzed in eyes affected by APAC (group 1) and fellow eyes (group 2). Results: There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to best corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, central corneal thickness, or axial length (<em>p</em> > 0.05). There were no significant differences in mGC-IPL thickness in the superotemporal, superior, or superonasal sectors (<em>p</em> > 0.05). However, average, inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal sectors of group 1 were significantly thinner than those of group 2 (<em>p</em> = 0.002, 0.002, 0.001, 0.001, respectively). In addition, average mGC-IPL difference between affected eyes and fellow eyes showed a statistically significant correlation with attack duration (correlation coefficient = 0.249, <em>p</em> = 0.019). Conclusions: Normalization of elevated intraocular pressure as soon as possible after APAC onset is recommended in order to reduce mGC-IPL loss, and measurements of mGC-IPL thickness can be helpful for follow-up of APAC patients. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(8):1167-1173

2차 버퍼층 ZnMgO 박막의 Mg/(Mg+Zn) 비율 조절을 통한 SnS 박막 태양전지 효율 향상

이효석,조재유,윤성민,정채환,허재영,Lee, Hyo Seok,Cho, Jae Yu,Youn, Sung-Min,Jeong, Chaehwan,Heo, Jaeyeong 한국재료학회 2020 한국재료학회지 Vol.30 No.10

In the recent years, thin film solar cells (TFSCs) have emerged as a viable replacement for crystalline silicon solar cells and offer a variety of choices, particularly in terms of synthesis processes and substrates (rigid or flexible, metal or insulator). Among the thin-film absorber materials, SnS has great potential for the manufacturing of low-cost TFSCs due to its suitable optical and electrical properties, non-toxic nature, and earth abundancy. However, the efficiency of SnS-based solar cells is found to be in the range of 1 ~ 4 % and remains far below those of CdTe-, CIGS-, and CZTSSe-based TFSCs. Aside from the improvement in the physical properties of absorber layer, enormous efforts have been focused on the development of suitable buffer layer for SnS-based solar cells. Herein, we investigate the device performance of SnS-based TFSCs by introducing double buffer layers, in which CdS is applied as first buffer layer and ZnMgO films is employed as second buffer layer. The effect of the composition ratio (Mg/(Mg+Zn)) of RF sputtered ZnMgO films on the device performance is studied. The structural and optical properties of ZnMgO films with various Mg/(Mg+Zn) ratios are also analyzed systemically. The fabricated SnS-based TFSCs with device structure of SLG/Mo/SnS/CdS/ZnMgO/AZO/Al exhibit a highest cell efficiency of 1.84 % along with open-circuit voltage of 0.302 V, short-circuit current density of 13.55 mA cm^-2, and fill factor of 0.45 with an optimum Mg/(Mg + Zn) ratio of 0.02.

수포각막병증에서 치료레이저각막절제술의 단독시행 또는 양막이식술과 동시시행의 치료효과 비교

이효석,오한진,윤경철,Hyo Seok Lee,Han Jin Oh,Kyung Chul Yoon 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.8

Purpose: We evaluated the therapeutic effects of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with or without amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in patients who had symptomatic bullous keratopathy with poor visual potential. Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with bullous keratopathy were reviewed retrospectively. Ten eyes (group A) were treated with PTK, and the other 15 eyes (group B) were treated with combined PTK and AMT. Changes of vision and symptoms, re-epithelization time, recurrence of bulla, central corneal thickness measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: At post-operative 3 months, visual acuity improved in 2 patients in both A and B groups. Nine patients in group A (90%) and 13 patients in group B (86.7%) showed symptom improvement. Mean re-epithelization time was 12.40 ± 4.33 days in group A and 8.13 ± 1.19 days in group B (p > 0.05). In both groups, central corneal thickness decreased postoperatively without statistically significant difference between groups. At the final follow-up visit, epithelial bulla had not recurred in 7 eyes (70.0%) in group A and 12 eyes (80.0%) in group B. No postoperative complication was detected. Conclusions: PTK alone appears comparable to the combined treatment of PTK and AMT in terms of symptom improvement, re-epithelization time and recurrence rate.

헨리 제임스의 나다니엘 호손 읽기-『호손』과 뉴잉글랜드 문화비판

이효석(Lee Hyo-seok) 새한영어영문학회 2003 새한영어영문학 Vol.45 No.1

Henry James was worried about his identity as a writer, when he was busy on transatlantic journeys in his twenties. His concern was how to meet Europe as an American novelist, as well as how to accept the American cultural heritage of romanticism and puritanism of New England. To excuse himself of choosing Europe, not America as his workplace, he borrowed the Arnoldian terms such as 'culture: 'disinterestedness: 'criticism: 'cosmo-politanism,' etc. by which, in Hawthorne (1879), the critical biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne, he criticized two literary predecessors, Hawthorne and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Considering the Civil War as the turning point in the American mind, James defined such Americans before the war as Hawthorne and Emerson to be 'old-fashioned' and distinguish them from the following generation including himself. He criticized them for puritanical and patriotic attitudes toward the other culture. Assuming their provincial life and experience limited in New England caused the narrow Americanism, he rejected both Emerson's optimistic individualism and Hawthorne's patriotic position in thought and literature. Instead, he proposed the 'critical' and cosmopolitan citizen as the good American. Although he opposed Hawthorne's allegory and romance, James approved of his ironic distance in the novels. He thought that Hawthorne, by irony, was able to portray the scopes of morality and psychology, the land of mystery and shade. He regarded 'irony' of great value proper for Realism. James said the ironic novelists have to be an intellectual observer when they intend to represent things or situations more correctly. James seems to accept Hawthorne's psychological concern fully in his heart, and his works are full of ironic observers of fine intelligence and sensibility. They are James's ideal citizens, the good Americans after the Civil War.

주파수변화에 따른 콘크리트 FRP 보강 구조물의 박리탐사 연구

이효석(Lee Hyo-Seok),임홍철(Rhim Hong-Chul),우상균(Woo Sang-Kyun),송영철(Song Young-Chul) 한국구조물진단유지관리학회 2006 한국구조물진단학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.10 No.1

With a growing concern about the state of infrastructure worldwide, the demand for the development of reliable nondestructive testing techniques (NDT) is ever increasing. Among possible NDT techniques, microwave method is proven to be effective in fast and non-contact inspection of concrete structures and inclusions inside concrete. It is also found that the microwave method has a potential in detecting the delamination between fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plate and concrete. On the other hand, ultrasonic method can be another way to find the delamination. In this paper, the research work needed for the development of a reliable microwave method and ultrasonic method is studied in actual measurements of concrete specimens reinforced with FRP. Concrete specimens are made with FRP and artificial delamination inside. A microwave measurement system with horn antennas with high center frequency and broad frequency bandwidth are used to image inside concrete specimens for the detection of debonding between concrete and FRP. Also, the equipment of ultrasonic method which is commercialized are used at the same condition. Both of the results are analyzed in comparison of each other. Microwave and ultrasonic methods have been used for the detection of debonding between concrete and fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP).

유럽적 보편주의 비판과 보편적 보편주의의 조건

이효석(Lee, Hyo-Seok) 부산대학교 인문학연구소 2015 코기토 Vol.- No.77

이 글은 응구기의 특수와 보편에 대한 사상에 주목하고 보편의 다양성에 대한 그의 논의가 구연문학론과 기쿠유어로 창작한 후기 작품들로 어떻게 연결되는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 유럽중심주의가 문제가 되는 이유는 유럽이 유럽 자신의 체제와 가치를 절대적인 보편성을 가지는 것으로 보고 이를 근거로 세계를 ‘유럽과 유럽 이외의 나머지’ 지역으로 나누고 후자를 유럽의 사회적 가치로 키질하였다는 점에 있다. 이는 저명한 역사학자 잭 구디나 사상가 이매뉴얼 월러스틴, 심지어 보수적 정치사상가 사무엘 헌팅턴조차 인정하는 역사적 사실이다. 이들은 유럽이 절대적인 윤리적 가치로 내세우는 문명, 인권, 민주주의 등이 특수한 보편인 ‘유럽적 보편주의’에 지나지 않는다고 비판한다. 이 가운데 월러스틴은 특수한 보편이 절대적 보편의 자기 모순적 주장으로 빠지지 않기 위해 특수한 보편주의를 넘어선 ‘보편적 보편주의’를 제안하며 이를 위해서는 다양한 보편들의 연대가 필수적이라고 말한다. 호미 바바는 개별 특수한 문화들에게 “이것도 아니고 저것도 아닌 그 옆의 다른 무엇”을 향한 운동을 요구한다. 그가 수직적 운동이 아니라 수평적 운동과 공간을 상정한다는 점에서 가라타니 고진의 사유와도 연결된다. 가라타니 고진은 특수한 보편주의로 구성된 특정한 공동체를 벗어나는 길은 다른 규범과 가치를 가진 다른 공동체들 ‘사이’로 나가는 길 뿐이라고 주장한다. 프란츠 파농은 절대적 보편성을 가진 개인이나 공동체는 없다는 것을 주장하면서도 그들이 각자의 폐쇄적 공간으로 퇴각하려는 상대주의도 비판한다. 이와 비슷하게 응구기 와 시옹오 역시 ‘다양한 중심’의 가치를 인정하면서도 개별 문화에 절대적 중심의 권위를 부여하려는 시도를 경계한다. 그는 예술과 번역에 문화적 소통과 연대의 기능을 부여하고 있다. 『십자가의 악마』와 『마티가리』는 로컬적 예술양식이자 다른 문화를 향해 열린 정신을 구현하는 소설들이다. One of the problems which Eurocentrism has with its concept is that it assumes its own system and values to be reasonable and ‘universal.’ Ever since the Enlightenment, Western intervention in Asia, Africa, and South America has been justified by notions of civilization, development, and progress. The assumption has been that such ideas are universal, encrusted in natural law. As Immanuel Wallerstein argues, however, these concepts are not global but Eurocentric. For their genesis is only European and their function has been the smoke screen of European dominance around the world. Wallerstein’s criticism on European universalism and suggestion for universal universalism can be found such thinkers as Frantz Fanon, Homi Bhabha, and Kojin Karatani. They seem to share a common interest in a cultural movement toward a universal place known the Third Space where to overcome the binary distinction between the particular and the universal, and not to fall into cultural relativism. In this respect, Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s concepts of ‘decentralization’ or ‘a plurality of centers’ can be helpful. By reconstituting the local culture as ‘universal one,’ he believes, these plural centers will eventually be the basis of the universal universalism. For him the novel turns out to be one of the traditional African forms of orature, that is, oral literature. When the novel meets orality, it becomes a polyphonic space where various languages and voices, literary genres, cultural heritages hidden in the text could be exposed from inside. In this aesthetic strategy, he made Devil on the Cross and Matigari different from those of Achebe, Soyinka, and even his earlier English novels. These two Gikuyu novels are, in its form and content, both old and new, and particular and universal. He wants to authorize art and translation to function cultural communication and solidarity. Devil on the Cross and Matigari are the cultural mode of novels where the particular culture can be open to others and the universal.

건축견적 교육을 위한 BIM기반 물량산출 멀티미디어 컨텐츠 개발

이효석(Lee, Hyo-Seok),최창훈(Choi, Chang-hoon),소지윤(Soh, Ji-yune),박영진(Park, Youngjin),한충희(Han, Choong-hee),이준복(Lee, Junbok) 대한건축학회 2015 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.31 No.3

Construction estimate is a major factor in decision making for projects, and plays an important role in whole life of the project. Therefore, previous researches were conducted to analyze and survey quantity takeoff education at the university level. As a result, it was confirmed that due to limitations in quantity takeoff education materials which were made with texts and images, the non-professionals are lack of comprehensive understanding the process of the quantity surveying with the drawings. Thus, this study seeks to assist in effective quantity takeoff in building projects by supplementing the existing issues with quantity takeoff contents and developing a BIM-based quantity takeoff multimedia contents that use diverse media to increase the understanding on the subject for a non-professional.

윌리엄 골딩의 『파리대왕』 : 현대정치와 시뮬라시옹 Modern Politics of Simulation

이효석 ( Hyo Seok Lee ) 한국현대영미소설학회 2007 현대영미소설 Vol.14 No.1

미국 문화전쟁의 애국주의적 기원과 영어에 대한 인식의 문제

이효석(Lee, Hyo-Seok) 부산대학교 인문학연구소 2013 코기토 Vol.- No.74

From the beginning of its history, the U. S. has been a multi-ethnic nation composed of immigrants from all of the world. Its ruling elite have tried ‘to Americanize’ them into one by the banner of ‘E Pluribus Unum’, that is, ‘One Out of Many.’ For the government, the English language seemed to be a means to unite all the citizens of various ethnic and cultural origins. The ‘culture war’ between multiculturalists and monoculturalists has been fought in America for a long time. Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th American president, was one of the politicians who try to repudiate the other cultures and languages and to prohibit non-English speakers from voting. Only by one language, he thought, can America be united to one great nation. Likewise, Samuel Huntington believes that advocates of multiculturalism and diversity are kinds of anti-western ideologues. His arguments seem to force immigrants or aliens to learn English and to be assimilated into the culture of WASP. This paper makes a general survey of the phases of the culture war between the American intellectuals since the 1980s, and tries to explain the monoculturalist arguments to be a replica of that of Roosevelt. In this sense, Henry James was more open than his contemporaries including Roosevelt who criticized severely the novelist.

마르틴 오 카인의「브라이트시티로 가는 길」

이효석(Lee, Hyo-seok) 새한영어영문학회 2013 새한영어영문학 Vol.55 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to understand the reality of the Irish peasants and women misunderstood both by the myth of Irish nationalism and by the prejudice of British imperialism through Mairtin O Cadhain’s “The Road to Brightcity.” It is well known that till the early nineteenth century the popular British media tended to represent the Irish peasant as “Paddy,” a comic, drunken buffoon. The picture of Irish peasant, however, was turned from the middle of the century to that of a dangerous subhuman, a White Negro or the human chimpanzee. To the British public the peasant incarnated the barbarism and savagery of Irish rural life. But the Irish nationalist discourse challenged the dehumanized picture by the English; it began to portray the peasant as a noble, honest, and organic. They became a spiritual figure, the archetype of the Celtic Ireland. From Pan-Celtic movement, through Gaelic League and Literary Revival, the peasant appeared to be the source of imagination for reviving and revitalizing the colonial Ireland. “The Road to Brightcity,” set in the time around the First World War and the Irish War of Independence, shows the reality of the life-world of Irish peasantry through the tragic-comic journey to Brightcity by Brid, a young peasant woman. Signified by the “crucifying” walk to the city, her life implies that the peasant community is located between hope and despair, life and death, joy and terror, restraint and desire, holy and worldly, reality and fantasy, individual and community, nature and civilization, etc. O Cadhain wants to tell us that the world of peasant society is neither barbaric nor mythic, as imagined respectively by the Irish patriotic nationalists and the British ethnic imperialist. He knows that its tradition is invaded both by the threatening wave of civilization and materialism, and also by myth and prejudice.